Ke kupuna hale o ka Slavs. Version a me ka hoopaapaa e pili ana i ke kumu, a me nā kūpuna hale o ka Slavs

Where o na kupuna hale o ka Slavs? He aha wale nō o nā kānakaʻepekema i mua i loko o keia manao? E heluhelu i ka 'atikala a me oe e aʻo i nā pane i kēia mau nīnau. Slavs ethnogenesis o ke kaʻina hana o ke kahua o ke kahiko Slavic lāhui kaiāulu, a alakai ai i ke kaawale ana o na kanaka, mai ka nui mai o Indo-ʻEulopa ohana. I kēia lā,ʻaʻole nō he nui oluolu hoʻokolohua o ka maturation o ka Slavic lāhui pūʻulu.

Ka mua hoike

Ke kupuna hale o ka Slavs o ka ukupanee i ka nui akamai. Kēia lāhui kanaka i mua hooia ia ma ka palapala Byzantine o ka VI kenekulia. Ma retrospect, mau kumu e hōʻike 'ia ka Slavs i loko o ka IV kenekulia. Mamua aku nei nō 'ike pili i na kanaka i komo i loko o etnogeneze Slavic (Bastarnians), akā, no ka nui o ko lākou komo i loko o nā mōʻaukala restorations loli aʻe.

Palapala e hooiaio ai no ka kākau o ka VI kenekulia mai Byzantium olelo o ka hoʻokumu 'ia lāhui kanaka, i puunaue i Antes a me sklaviny. Venedy oleloia like Slavic kupuna retrospectively ao ao. Hooiaio mai o ka mea kākau o ka Roma au hou (I-II keneta.) Of na Wends mai e ae ia e hoʻohui i kekahi o ka mea kahiko moʻomeheu o ka Slavs.

ka wehewehena

Ke kupuna hale o ka Slavs ua nō,ʻaʻole kaʻoi loa i ho'ākāka '. Lūkini archaeologists kahea aku moʻolelo keaka kekahi archaic moʻomeheu, e hoʻomaka ana mai o ka V kenekulia. Ke kula,ʻaʻole nō he hookahi wahi o Hawaii ma ka lāhui moʻokūʻauhau Media mua maikai ana, a me ko lakou pili ana me ka hope Slavic. Linguists no hoi i kekahi mau manao e pili ana i ka manawa o ka 'ōlelo, i hiki ke kapaia ka Slavic a Slavonic. O kēiaʻepekema manaʻo pü 'mana koho Lūkini'ōlelo mai Pie i alahula mau huahelu o 2nd Ka Wā Kaukani BC. e ka. i na kenekulia mua. e ka.

History o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, kumu a me ka wahi o ka kahiko Ruthenian study kūikawā epekema ma ka huina o nā sciences: mōʻaukala, linguistics, aaiaoe?, Paleoanthropology, archeology.

Indo-o ka poʻeʻEulopa

ka kupuna hale o ka Slavs i keia la dominates na naau o na mea he nui. Ua ua ike ia ma ka ke keleawe Age ma Central Europe ua pono ole ethno-'ōlelo kaiāulu o Indo-Europa heihei. Ka paha ana o ka hoʻokaʻawale pūʻulu o ka olelo i controversial. German Kumu G. Krae i manao ai, oiai ka Indo-'Ilana, Anatolian, Greek a me Armenian 'ōlelo i mua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia, a ulu kū kaʻawale, Celtic, Italic, Illyrian, Germanic, Baltic a Slavic' ōlelo he wale olelo o ka hookahi Indo-Europa 'ōlelo. Makamua o ka poʻeʻEulopa e noho Central Europe akau o ka Alpino, i hana i ka pono terminology i loko o ka wahi o ka mahiai, ka hoʻomana, a me nā pilina hoahanau.

East lāhui

Where ua ka kupuna i ka hale i ke aupuni ' hikina Slavs? Nāʻohana o kēia lāhui kanaka, a kauoha aku e merge i loko o ka hookahi pa alima (i loko o ka manao o na mea he nui ka noiʻi), i ka nui heluna o ka medieval kahiko. E like me ka hopena, i hana i ka hope kālai'āina kaawale ana o kēia kanaka, a hiki i ka XVII kenekulia ekolu kanaka: ka Hawaiian, Lūkini a me Ukrainian.

ʻO wai i ka hikina Rusyns? Kēia nohona a me ka'ōlelo Lūkini ke kaiāulu kanaka, e hana i loko o kona olelo ana i ka 'ōlelo East Slavic. Kekahi o ke kakahiaka nui noiʻi i hoʻohana i ka inoa 'Russian Slavs. " East Slav ... kona mōʻaukala ua uukuʻike. Ke kumu o mea ole wale i ka wa e kaawale aku o ko lākou mau kākau 'ōlelo, akā, no ka remoteness o na makaainana ioauoa o ka wā.

East Slav hōʻike ma Byzantine, ¶ʻO'Araba, a Peresia palapala kumu. Kekahi o ka 'ike i loaʻa ma luna o ka mea, me ke kōkua o kekahi mau Ikepili o ka Slavic' ōlelo a me ka hulikoehana ikepili.

? anoe?

Ke kupuna hale o ka Slavs a me kā lākou hooponopono i kūkākūkāʻia he nui noiʻi. Kekahi manaoio i ka? Anoe? Aiey i ana no ka mea, o ka heluna kanaka Naita me ia, kena ae la ma ka mehana ponoʻana aʻe o ke aniau, a me ka Hekikai o ka 'ike loea hou kēia no ka mahiʻai, a me kekahi poe e ae - i ka hewa o ka Neʻekau nui, devastated i loko o ka mua kenekulia AD, hapa o Europe i ka Sarmatian incursions, kēia kanaka Kelemānia, Avars, Huns, Bulgar a me Russian.

Presumably ke kumu, a me nā kūpuna hale o ka Slavs pili me ka heluna kanaka Przeworsk moʻomeheu. Kēia lāhui kanaka i kokoke i ke komohana a me ka Celtic a me Germanic tribal honua, ma ka hikina - me ka Finno-ugortsami a me Baltic'āina, i loko o ka hema-hikina a me ka hema - me ka Sarmatians. Kekahi prospectors manaʻo i loko o kēia wā ua he oi uninterrupted Slavic-Balt totality, i mea,ʻaʻole kēia mau ohana i koe he hakina.

I ka Ia manawa malaila Krivichy? Anoe? I loko o Smolensk Dnieper māhele 'āina. Ma ka wahi mua ola tushemlinskaya ka noho ana ma i Lāhui, archaeologists nānā okoa. Ua auou caiaiai ka mea kahiko hoʻokahi wale nō Slavic moʻomeheu a me ka tushemlinskie hooponopono i luku, no ka mea, ma ia manawa i ke Slavs a hiki i loko o nā kūlanakauhale i noho ai.

mea, ua ulu

Ke kahiko Slavic ohana aʻo i ka linguist kaulana Academician O. N. Trubachov. He ua kālailai i ka Slavic 'ōlelo blacksmithing, Pottery a me nā akamai a me ka manao i nā moku halihali mokulele o ka wa kahiko Slavonic olelo (a me kā lākou poʻe mākua) i kekahi manawa ka wā i hanaʻia befitting terminology' Imi i ka hui 'ana me ka Italians a me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, i mea Indo-CentralʻEulopa. He manaʻoʻiʻo e kū i ka ohana o ka wa kahiko Rus mai, mai ka Indo-Europa ke kaiāulu kanaka, i loko o ka Danube māhele 'āina ('ākau hapa o ka Balkans), a laila, neʻe akula a merged me nā lāhui nā pūʻulu. Trubachev mai nei i ka mea mea hiki ole, e kuhikuhi i na mea o ka linguistics manawa o ke kaawale ana o Proto-Slavic olelo o ka Indo-Europa, no ka mea, o ko lākou archaic intimacy.

He nui linguists hoʻopaʻapaʻa i hoomaka i ka pono Slavic 'ōlelo e e hana i loko o ka mua kenekulia AD. e ka. Kekahi i kapa aku ai i ka waena o I Ka Wā Kaukani BC. e ka. E like me ka glottochronology, i kaʻawale Slavic 'ōlelo' ia ma ka waena o ka II Ka Wā Kaukani BC. e ka. Kekahi linguists kahea aku mamua.

lexical Ka Ikepili

Version o na kupuna hale o ka Slavs ua nui na ano. He nui ua ho'āʻo e hoakaka i ka'āina kahiko o Rus ma ke kālailai i ko lakou kahiko hua'ōlelo. F. P. Filin manaoio i kēia lāhui kanaka i hoʻomohala i loko o ka ulu lāʻau kāʻei me ka nui o ka lepo wai a me ic ??, aku mai ke kai, a me nā mauna steppes.

Ma ke kumu o ka mea kaulana beech UAOAaIOIUE Polish botanist J. Rostafinsky ho'āʻo e huli ana praotechestvo Slavs i ka makahiki 1908: "Indo-Europa beech inoa Slavs hoʻoneʻe i ka wilou, wilou, a ike beech, kaa a me ka larch." Ka hua'ōlelo "beech" ua aie mai o ka Kelemānia 'ōlelo. I keia la, i ka hikina palena o irradiation o ka laau mea e pili ana Odessa - Kaliningrad, akā, ho'āʻo o pollen i loko o ka wāwahie mooolelo hōʻike mea oi ākea wahi i loko o ka wa kahiko.

Ma ke keleawe Age, ka beech ua ulu kokoke i na aina a pau o ka hikina mai 'Eulopa (koe'ākau). Ma ka Iron Age, ma ke kahua o ka Slavic lāhui pūʻulu (i loko o ka manao o ka hapanui kakaolelo), Beech residues i loaʻa i loko o ka hapanui loa o Rusia, ka Carpathians, ka Caucasus, ka Crimea, a me ka Black Sea māhele 'āina. Kēia hoʻohuʻu i ka paha wahi o ka Slavic ethnogenesis paha e hema-komohana Rusia,'ākau a me ka Central wahi o Ukraine, Belarus.

Ma ka Lūkini akau-komohana (Novgorod waiwai) Beech i nui i kakahiaka nui me ka Middle Ages. Beech nahele i keia la ma Hawaii, a WesternʻEulopa, Poland, ka Carpathians, ka Balkans. I kā lākou maoli kaianoho koholā kaa, aole ia e ulu ana ma na aina o ka Carpathians, a me ka palena hikina o Poland a hiki i ka Volga. Me keia nuance'āina Rusyns hiki ke waiho hanohano ma Belarus a Ukraine, ina linguists nūnē nui Kāhua Ulu'lāʻau nä huaÿölelo Pelekane o kēia mau kanaka, ua pololei.

Ma nā mea a pau Slavic 'ōlelo (a me ka Balt) i ka hua'ōlelo "Lime", denoting ka ia laau. Laila, aia ua kekahi kuhiakau e pili ana i ke 'ano kahi me ka linden'āina Lūkini ohana, akā, no ka mea, o ka mea prevalence o kēia mea kanu i kilakila, ka mea i ole ia i loko o nui.

Hoʻokaʻaʻike mai Soviet philologists

Ke kupuna hale o ka Slavs a me kā lākou ethnogenesis i ka uku kuala o na mea he nui hoʻomalu. Honua ka'ākau Ukraine, a Belarus e pili ana i ka wahi o ka laulā prevalence o Balt wahi inoa. I Kekahi Mau like o Soviet academicians philologists O. N. Trubachova a me V. N. Toporova hoike mai i Balta hydronyms i loko o ke keena Dnieper māhele pinepine hoʻonaniʻia suffixes Slavs. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi e na kanaka, uaʻikeʻia hope Balts. Kēia OOAaAeAa ua eliminated, ina ua ae aku me ka noʻonoʻo o kanaka linguists ma ka auaaeaiea o ka Proto-Slavic olelo o ka obschebaltskogo.

Manao V. N. Toporova

VN Toporov manao Balt ia mea hea ka mea me ka palapala Indo-Europa, ana a pau'ē aʻe Indo-Europa, 'ōlelo ma ka hooulu ana kaʻina hana aku, mai ka primordial moku'āina. He hoʻopaʻapaʻa i Proto-Slavic olelo ua hema Balticʻike ākea olelo, i neʻe ai i ka Proto-Slavic puni ka V kenekulia BC. e ka. a laila, kū kaʻawale iho i loko o ka 'ōlelo kahiko o ka Rusyns.

wale nō

Hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ke kumu o ka kupuna hale o ka Slavs a mau i keia la. Ma ka Soviet au, elua nui wale nō Rusyn ethnogenesis i ua hoʻolahaʻia:

1. Polish (e hoʻoholo i nā kūpuna ka hale o ka Slavs i loko o ka wahi ma waena o ka Oder, a me ka Vistula).
2. Autochthonous (originated ma lalo o ka aoao o kaʻimi naʻauao manao o ka Soviet nä känaka 'epekema Marr).

Ua recreate mālama '-ae like me ka Slavic kumu o ke kakahiaka nui archaic moʻomeheu ma ka Honua, a ma ka Middle Ages i noho ma Rusyns, a me kekahi mau makahiki-kahiko wā kahiko, i mai la ia kanaka, kū kaʻawale i hana mai i ka Pie.

Hoʻomāhuahua o ka 'ike i loko o ka noiʻi a me ka kūpono holo mai patriotic mau ho'ākākaʻana i alakai i ka muli o hou wale nō ka nānā' ana ma luna o ka auaaeaiea hoʻomōhala ma luna o ka 'ōlelo o ka Slavic lāhui pūʻulu o ke oo ana, a haawi aku la ma kona poʻe Polenekia i kokoke nā panalāʻau e.

An me kēia hoʻopaʻi i ole i ka hookahi wahi o Hawaii ma luna o ka wahi a me ka manawa o ka ethnogenesis o ka Slavs. I kēia lā, he mea ole universally oluolu hua'ōlelo o ka pili ana o ka hana 'ike loea kahiko a hiki i keia kanaka. E olelo ana ma keia manao e he hoailona bezdialektnosti kahiko Ruthenian 'ōlelo e.

Ua holopono ka hana i ka hoomaopopo ana hoʻokolohua o ka ethnogenesis Russian ma ke kumu o ka 'ike o ka wale kekahi scientific kumuhana. O kēia theories ho'āʻo e hui pu iho i ka 'ike o nā mea a pau i ka mōʻaukala ka hoʻopaʻi' ana. Ma mau, ka mea, ua hilahila ia Slavic Lāhuiʻikea maila no a hiki i ka hoʻokuʻi pū o ka mea okoa Indo-Europa lāhui nā kaiāulu ma ka huli ma waena o ka Scythian-Sarmatian a me ka Baltic States, a me ke komo ana o Pinilana, Celtic a me nā substrates.

ke kuhiakau o nā kānakaʻepekema

ʻepekema mea eʻoiaʻiʻo i ka Slavic lāhui hui BC. e ka. I ola. Keia ua hōʻikeʻia hoʻi i ka contradictory nā mea mahuʻi o linguists. ʻAʻohe hōʻike, e kahe ana ka Slavs mai ka Balts. E ho ohana i kekahi mau kumu, Kumu kūkulu i ke kuhiakau o Lūkini aa. Naʻe, ka mea e ole wale okoa ho oholo i ka wahi o ka Slavic kūpuna hale, akā, i haawiia i kekahi manawa e auaaeaiea o Slavs mai ka Indo-Europa kaiāulu.

He nui hypotheses, e like me a Rusins a me praotechestvo ua ola mai ka weuweu III Ka Wā Kaukani BC. e ka. (O. H. Trubachev), mai ka pau ana mai o II Ka Wā Kaukani. e ka. (Polish kula Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński T., K. Yazhdzhevsky, Yu Kostshevsky a me na mea e ae), mai ka waena II Ka Wā Kaukani BC. e ka. (Polish Kumu F. Slavskii), me ka VI. BC. e ka. (L. Niederle, M. Vasmer, P. J. Safarik, S. B. Bernshteyn).

Ka hoʻomaka meʻepekema ke koho e pili ana i praotchizne Slavs hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā hana o Lūkini kakaolelo o XVIII-XIX kenekulia. V. O. Klyuchevskogo, S. M. Solovova, N. M. Karamzina. I kā lākou mau haʻawina, ka mea ku paa ma ka "nui o Bygone Nam" a me ka manao i ke kahiko'āina Rusyns ua o ka muliwai Danube, a me ka Balkans.