Ke unification o Kelemania, i ka 1990, a me kona mau hopena

Ke unification o Kelemania, i ka makahiki 1990 ia ka olelo hooholo o ka ninau Kelemānia. Ua Ua wehe mai i ka manawa o ke Kaua Honua II, ka wā o ka aina lanakila i ole i kekahi manaʻo ma o ka manao ma ka wā e hiki mai ana o kā lākou hana cii i loko o ka mua aggressor aupuni. Ke kumu no keia lawa ponoʻole realities o ka manawa, i ke kahua i mālama ai i ka confrontation o ka Soviet Union a me ke Komohana. Ke German Question Ua mau spawned o poha o ka lahui hoʻopilikia.

ʻae nō hoʻi, i loko o ka unification o Germany nui pili aupuni e na luna o ka USSR, a me ka US, Mikhail Gorbachev a me George HW Bush. Me ka makemake o na superpowers elua, i ka ninau o ka rula o ke ano pili aupuni hiki ole ke hoʻonā 'ia. Naʻe, ka poʻe koʻikoʻi o ka nui'āina-guarantors wale noʻonoʻo i ka i manaoia hoʻohui 'koho. It E e kaulana i ka hana hanohano - e e hookoia ka symbolic inoa o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka Amerika Kelemānia, makana hoʻokele waiwai he hou loa mana ma Europe, ka mea e pili ana i ka German politician Helmut Kohl. Pokole hai aku no ia.

Kaulike: "Kelemānia unification"

He He hanana kanaka. He ola eha o ka'āina: II World War, me ka hou ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai Kelemānia, kona hōʻeuʻeu kūpono 'ana, a me ka hope, i ka huli ana o ka XX kenekulia ua i kaʻiʻo na makana like me ka politician i loko o ka reunification o Germany (1990). Lunakanawai Kaulike ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i loaa mai ma ka pōʻino i manao ai i luku mai, a mahele ae la aupuni, a manaoio aku la i loko o kona wā e hiki mai ē aʻe. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole i ka manao ana o ka ka hoʻononiakahiʻana kaʻina e e hoʻomaka ai dynamically. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, e like me kona mua māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana, ka mea i manaoio i keia hanana e hiki mai,ʻaʻole i loko o kona wā e ola.

Kohl me he kākoʻo-Germanʻikepili ua makakū a me ka loina hooponopono. Kona confrontation me Margaret Thatcher, ka poe i hoao i ka holo koke i ke kaʻina hana like ka nui me hiki, 'aʻole ia e hoomaikai.

Kelemania, ka mea, ua hoomanao like me ka "luna'aha'ōlelo o Kelemānia ke kuʻikahi." Mea ua lilo na ke keʻena luna o ka hui i ka pekelala aupuni, a me Kohl koke ia i ka mua luna'aha'ōlelo o ka hui Germany. He 'atikala AIM e kahińuli i ka unification o Kelemania, me ke kaʻina hana, ka uku noonoo ana i konaʻano a me ka walaʻauʻana a me ke kapuai.

GDR mana: kālai'āina panakalupa

Undemocratic hui, alakaʻi ma ka inefficiency o ka hoʻokele waiwai i loko o ka manuale pololei o ka GDR hāpana 90-ies o ka hope kenekulia i Ua i ke kumuhana o na manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni o historiography. O aneiai aʻe loa pinepine kākau i nā moku'āina Bedroom nele o ka GDR, like hoʻi me ka ulu ana o na aie. Eia naʻe, he hiki oi loa i ke ola ana o ka GDR like me ka moku'āina i manaoia e ia i ka bedrock o kona pili aupuni kahua. Communist Party alakaʻi Erich Honecker ka Kelemānia a me ka manawa ironically kapaia ka "Iron Erich."

He hai lōkāhi o ke kauoha, ua impenetrable i hou mea. Nā ideals o communism, ka mea, mamua o ka 'upu' ana o nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Nolaila, o ka mua hopena o ke ala ma ka neʻe 'o ka GDR kanaka ka ua i kona ana mai o ka mana, i ka 17.10.1989

Eia naʻe, ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka GDR lehulehu olelo la, a he kupono noaaeeecaoee kapuai i manaoia ma o kona hope Egon Krenz, ineffective hoi au.

Elue no ke kuikahi

Makahiki o ke ola ana o ka German aupuni Repubalika i heluia. Ua mea akaka i ka unification o Germany hiki ole lawe wahi ma luna o ka loina o ka obsolete moku'āina 'ole o ka GDR. Kēia Ua lewa i loko:

• lagging hou 'ana o ka pili aupuni'ōnaehana mai o nā koi o ka makeke, like me ka Soviet kükohu (Gorbachev, perestroika), Polish (nunui-aoao);
• ka maoli kahua o ka unrecognized kū'ē 12.09.2009 - ana "aupuni a ka lehulehu nei";
• ignoring i ka papa kuhikuhiE koi o kaʻaoʻao kū'ē - he aupuniʻano;
• ae ho'āʻo ana i ka oihana pāʻoihana a hiki i ka mea pakele pilikia, hoʻohana 'oo? visas i Kelemania, ma Hungary, a Austria (GDR kanaka hoopii i ka German kauoha malu no ka pili aupuni puʻuhonua, a me ka loaa ana o keia);
• ignoring i ka makemake o na kanaka ma apuupuu likini kulanakauhale ke koho ana e paa ana ia i loko o May 1989

Fundamentally hou i oi aku Germany

It E e kaulana ia, i loko o kaʻoihana o ka elue uhi nui maikaʻi ma mua o nā kumu. Ke unification o Kelemania, i ka makahiki 1990, ua mālama 'ia ma ka makemake o ke kanaka Kelemānia, ka mea i hana mau i ka haha' amelika i loko o ka Federal Repubalika o Hawaii, a me ka Kelemānia aupuni Repubalika. Mākou, o ka papa, mai lawe i loko o ka nui o ka olelo ana o kekahi'ano'ē nā loea kālai'āina (laila, ka mea i pili). Mākou mea e hoihoi i ka 'ikepili helu, e kālele ana ma luna o ka oko ma waena o nā nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai o ka Hikina a me Kelemânia, a me ka oi "noiʻi" o nā kānaka moʻolelo ma ka kumuhana. Clarification ma kēia pukana, ke lawe mai i ka hopena o ka 'atikala.

Na ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - ka 'ē aʻe: hoao ana i makemake ai aneane pau kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ia laua ke hoopaa, i kēia kaʻina malama ana o na aina lanakila. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, kela mea keia mea i ike: ka hou aupuni-alakaʻi nō e maʻEulopa. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ke makaʻu hoao hoʻokali kūpono ': hou Kelemania, ma ka huli ana o ka XXI kenekulia alakaʻi koho i ke ala o Europa hoʻohui',ʻaʻole confrontation.

He aha i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia lakou iho e merge?

Ma ke kaomi ana o ia manawa lehulehu 'atikala uhi i ka reunification o Kelemania, i ka 1990, nīnauele i ka hailona ana o kanaka. Ke kālailai i ka ninaninau 'ana i nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia lakou iho e pili ana i kā lākou e pili ana i kā lākou hou moku'āina, ua hiki ke manao nei makou, no ka mea hapanui hapa ka mea, i ka hana alanui, e kapa aku i ko lakou aupuni. A, e hoʻokani ana i loko o kēia mau ninaninau 'ana, i ole coincide i kona inoa me ka luna ili mai Germany.

Ano o kanaka, i ka i ana i ka olelo, i kapa ia,ʻaʻole wale nō me ka Germany Nui. Eia naʻe, i loko o kā lākou mau olelo ia ia i manao ai, aole ka haaheo, aole hoi aggression. Ka mea, (ka mea i manao ai) la tersely, akā, mai ka naʻau, a me kēia mau'ōlelo, e lohe i ka makemake i ke kuikahi, a me ka ka hoomanawanui kanaka o ke ao nei, i hooholoia i ka hailona o ho'āʻo ma. ua makaukau no ka hana, a noho i loko o ka 'amelika aina kēia kanaka.

Keʻano o ka unification kaʻina

O ka holo ana, no ka make ana o ka Pelelina Wall, i malama ia e like me ka Logical mau nō lā hoʻi o ka abolition o 09.11.1989, ka GDR Aupuni Ban i kipa ia West Pelelina, ua lilo ia i hōʻailona o catalyzing unification o Germany (1990).

Ma pōkole, keia hale symbolized i ka mahele o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ia mai 13.8.1961, oia ua ma luna o ke anapuni o ka 165 kilomika ua paʻa i ka pāʻia wahi o ka Socialist German aupuni Repubalika (konstitutsionalizirovannoy Soviet hana ciia) mai West Pelelina.

Penei Socialist luna i wahi e ke kahe ana o kanaka, ka poe moe o ka noho ana ma ka market kaiāulu, ma ka mea laki, loaa "ma ka kekahiʻaoʻao o ka Iron pale," i ka hana ana i ka pa, ka mea i loaa i ka hailona - ma kahi o 2 miliona kanaka ..

He nui nā moʻolelo manaʻo i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia au hou Rubicon ole i ka unification o Kelemania, i ka makahiki 1990, a me ka make ana o ka pā.

Ua ho'āla maluhia kanaka me ka weliweli. Ma GDR poe kanaka e imi ana e komo i loko o ka "popopo honua o West Pelelina" a me ka naau, ae ho'āʻo ana e lanakila ma luna o kēia 5-mika kiʻekiʻe pa me ka laumeki uea ma luna a me aaoaeuiuo auoae ma ke anapuni, gunmen weheia ke ahi. Kākau e pili ana ia mea kaumaha, akā, i ka mōʻaukala o ke ola ana o keia hale i ka 1065ʻino ihola nō ia ma ka makeʻana o ka hala ole civilians.

Ua mea i kekahi mea kupanaha e ai hoikeia na kanaka ma luna o nā poʻo o ka i eha makahiki he gunners, i ko lakou makemake no ka ku okoa?

Ka lākiō o ka guarantor aina a hiki i ka hoʻohui 'ana o ka Kelemānia Hawaii

Beritania a me Palani formally maopopo i ka inevitability o Kelemānia hoʻohui ', e kau ia lākou naʻau,ʻaʻole maoli hōʻeleu i ke unification o Germany (1990). Ua hoemiia'āina 'ia i nā hana e, e ka hailonaʻana i ke kaʻina.

No ka laʻana, Pelekānia Kuhina Nui Kuhina Margaret Thatcher mohai initially e lawe wahi i loko o ka GDR kuai-ma muli loa-manawa nā mea hoʻololi. "Ka Iron Lady" Ua pinepine ae la oia 'aloʻahia i "ka German Ahahui iʻaʻole naʻe ma luna o ka papahana." Palani Peresidena Fransua Mitteran ua emi categorical, nae ka mea makemake e pili kēia hoonohonoho e pāʻani aku me ka Federal Repubalika o Germany Kelemānia aupuni Repubalika, e like me ka mea i hana me Austria (me kekahi German moku'āina).

No ka makau o na luna i kekahi kumu. Hope hou ka mana i ka mea ma ka hoʻomaka, a ma ka waenakonu o ka XX kenekulia i ka initiator o ka mau ao kaua, ua hoomaka maʻEulopa.

He aha nā mea makau a? Like koke Karl Marx kakau iho la, Germany - "ka Moana i makemake e repartition i ke ao nei o spheres o ka ole i loko o lākou ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai." Eia naʻe, Kaulike Helmut Kohl e ho'ōla e hoʻokele e koi aku hoalauna i ka maluhia-puni a constructive prohelsinskoy, he pono ole Europa kulana o ka hou Kelemānia moku'āina.

KaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, mai ke kinohi ike ia ma hope o ka unification o Kelemania, i ka 1990, e lilo i ka hou konu o eu ē aʻe. Kēia aupuni unconditionally mea he ike loea KUMUMANAʻO NUI Ally o ka Kelemānia hoʻohui '. Ke Soviet Union, ma ka huli, i ole e hana i kekahi pilikia no ka moe ana o na kanaka Kelemānia.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohuiʻia

Hoʻokonukonu manao ma Kelemānia unification i mua ulu a ua apono ia ma ka hōʻailona o ke Kuikahi, kālai'āina i ka hooponopono hope ana o ka ninau Kelemānia.

I ka 'aelike i kakauinoaia e ka haʻilula "4 + 2": West Kelemānia, East Kelemānia, USA, USSR, UK, France. Hekikai no hōʻailona i wahi ma 31.08.1990, ma ka Pelelina Palace "Unter Ka lua Linden". Ka lewa o keia hanana hoike ia ka nui loa i loko o kekahi hanana o ka hopena o ke kenekulia XX, i ke ola o 'Eulopa i ka reunification o Germany (1990).

Photos o nā poʻo o State, e like me ka mea i hiki mai ma ka hanana, hoike i "mōʻaukala i loko o ka hana" i loko o nā paia o ka hale käkela. O na papa, ke alakai maka pua i ka hoʻohui 'ia o ke aupuni ke kuʻikahi. Ua ua He precedent no ka pilina i loko o kekahi moku'āina o nāʻokoʻa nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai a me ka nohona nenoai o ke aupuni.

Ma ka unification Kuikahi

Mālama 'ia mai ka Kelemānia Hawaii kakauinoa i ka aelike i ke Kuhina o ke Kalaiaina Volfang Shoyble West Germany, a me ka State Kakauolelo o ka hale kanawai o ka GDR Günther Krause. Ka aelike ia mea, e hoʻokō i ka olelo o ka Pauku XXIII o ka German Kumukanawai ma ka hui i ka GDR a hiki i ka FRG.

12.09.1990 ma Moscow ke Kuhina o ko na Aina e no ka guarantor'āina kakauinoa i ke Kuikahi hope noho i kēia kaʻina.

E like me ka hopena, e like me ka palapala, ma 0 hola 00 minuke o 14.10.1990, i loko o ka Federal Repubalika o Kelemania, i loko o ka Mokuna Kelemānia aina: o ka mokuna o ka Hikina Pelelina, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg.

Ke unification o Kelemania, ma e like me nā hanana o ka makahiki 1990

A 'ike mea - mōʻaukala. Her Ka Ikepili pinepine e haawi i ko hoihoi 'hopena.

A lōʻihi manawa o ke kaawale ana, a pereosoznaniya moku'āina noho 'kēia kanaka Kelemānia pono mua i na manao e ka aku o ka lanakila. He aha ka pane mākou e, ina e ninau aku au ia (la me ka manao ole i ka chronological kēia lākiō, a me ka noho): "? Ka unification o Germany (1990), i ka wa o ka wahi"

I ka makahiki, i ka wa a ka Soviet Union lilo i ka luna o ka mua (a me ka hope) Peresidena, i ka wa a ka Armenian SSR ka wā nunui-aoao ana, i ka wa a ka Communist Party i disbanded ma Poland i hoʻokumu 'ia i loko o Yugoslavia (PZPR) a hai mai kaua Azerbayzhanskoy SSR,. Inā Western Europe i ka hoʻononiakahiʻana keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka East - differentiating.

hōʻeleu i manawa. Hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoponopono-hoola ana o ke kanaka noho maikai ana, "ua maʻi" nationalism a me ka communism. A ia mea kupaianaha i ka mea, ua hoomaka maʻEulopa. Owai la ka mea makemake i manao, no ka laʻana, i loko o ka XXI kenekulia Kelemānia kuwaho makemake e i stabilizing ololi no ka malu ma Europe?

Akā, paʻa moʻolelo i kapa aku ai i ka Europa Rubicon o ka unification o Germany (1990). I ka hopena o kēia hanana - ka philosophical: ka mua politically amorphous o ka poʻeʻEulopa eia ka mea hope, hoomaka ae la e hui ia lakou iho me ka kekahi commonality.

ka hopena

Mākou Ua manaoia i ka unification o Kelemania, i ka makahiki 1990,ʻo ia aʻo me ka hālāwai ninaninau me ka ke Kelemānia a lakou iho, e like me ka pono i unuhi o ka Kelemānia ahakanaka. Eia naʻe, wahi lulu kumu o kēia 'ike - biased. Hahai I ka hoao i ke kūlana o kēia hui, e hoemi.

No ka laʻana, ka mea, bulges mahope panina o ka GDR-ovskogo alakai poe "Robotron" uila no (i, i loko o 'ana, ka PC mua). I ka Ia manawa hūnā i ka mea i kona huahelu i kuai ai e ka poe "Siemens", i nā haumāna iā lākou me ka Hou Loa enehana, ma luna o ka mea hookiekie ae i ko lakou ka hoʻokūkū i loko o ke ao nei.

Biased Hamau a me ka County ma ka Hikina Kelemania, o alakai hoʻonohonoho 'poe, a me ka hanaia'na o ka hou makeke kanu'ōiwi (no ka mea hoike, i ka Frankfurt Stock haawi aku ae haawi). Artificially i hana i ka manaʻo i ke ola i loko o ka GDR pau me ka ka piʻiʻana o ka Pekelala Repubalika o Hawaii i kanaka, he mau naau a me ka tidara no socialism.

I aku o ka lanakila, nae - he nui ka kūkuluʻana o ka mea a pau hana o ka GDR alakai aku ai i ka reunification o Germany (1990). Pōkole kona maʻiʻo kahi o Nine Inch, lole, metallurgy, e hana ana no ka mea Socialist aina hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala miomio mechanics (ka mea, ua maopopo loa i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia - ka maikai nā kānakaʻenehana i loko o ke ao nei), ka hana hana, optics, kaʻa, meaʻai hana. Ke kaʻina hana i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka Kelemānia paa, a akāka loa. Kua hana uku ia e pōmaikaʻi ai, ka mea, retrained no hou mākau. e hele mai i kanaka i ka mea hoohuoi ia makahiki, no ka loaa ana i ka hoomau.

Makou manao i ka hōʻike o keia pepa, e hōʻike aku mākou i kā mākou hoahewa ana i ka unification o Kelemania, i ka makahiki 1990 a me kona mau mea hoʻomaoe mea nō,ʻaʻole loa? Anoee, a ua kālailai.