Krypton - he Nine Inch hehee ai. haʻilula krypton

Ma ka Honua ole i ka ai iiiaanoaa o okoa i huiʻia, ke aloha a me ka mea pōhaku waiwai. No laila, he kanaka i ke akea, synthesized, a hoʻohana 'ia e ka nui ma mua o ka hapalua o ka miliona hale o ke aloha a me ka honua ma mua o oi 500.000 waho ia. A me kēlā makahiki i kēia aka ua e ulu ana, e like me ka ulu ana o ka Nine Inch hana ua e kū mālieʻoukou,'āina i 'Imi ulu a me ka paepaeʻana ia.

Akā, surprisingly ole no hoi ia. A o ka mea i keia ano a pau o ka waiwai i hanaʻi a pau o ka 118 Nine Inch hehee wale. O ia ka leo nui maoli! Papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu o Nine Inch oihana mua o ke kahua, a graphically Hōʻike 'i ke' ano o ka ke aloha a me ka'okanikaʻole honua.

Mea Maluna o ka Nine Inch hehee wale

Aia i kekahi mau koho gradationʻikepili hale. Ke'ī mai, i ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina i loko o kemika conditionally puunaueia i loko o nā pūʻulu:

• Metal hehee wale (ka hapanui);
• nonmetals (haʻahaʻa).

Ma ke aha ka mea mua i hehee aia ma lalo o ka notional diagonal palena mai boron e astatine, a me ka lua - ka poʻe ma luna. Eia naʻe, he mau hewa a hiki i keia Mea Maluna, no kekahi laʻana, ke tina (i koe i loko o alpha- a me ka Hoʻokolohua-kino, kekahi o ka a - metala, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - he nonmetal). No laila,ʻaʻole ia i ka Lolina kapa kaawale hiki loa maikaʻi.

I hiki e hoʻolaha i ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana o Nine Inch hehee wale, e like me ka waiwai o ka mea hope.

1. Me ka walaʻauʻana waiwai (hoemi) - typical ke hooheheeia, oihana mua o ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu 1,2 pae (Ma waho aʻeo ka beryllium).
2. Me kaʻakika waiwai (oxidants) - typical nonmetals. 6,7 oihana mua o ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu, iiaciiie-pūʻulu.
3. Amphoteric waiwai (pālua) - a pau i eliiaʻi a me iiaciiie? Pūʻulu o kekahi o ka luna.
4. Hehee wale, nonmetals, a ua hoike mai ia lakou iho e like me ka hoemi konohiki, a me oxidants (ke kaumaha ma muli naoh ana).

Loa pinepine ka mea, ua ai? Anoee Nine Inch hehee wale. 8 papa kula i mua manao e noiʻi i nā mea a pau o ka hale a hoomanao ano inoa a me ka puana ma Russian. He He elue no ka akamai mastering kemika i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, i ke kumu o na mea a pau. Papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina i loko o kemika mea mau i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ka hoomaopopo o na keiki, akā, eʻike i ka mea pono ole a me ka reactivity o ia e nō ia.

A kūikawā pūʻulu i loko o kēia'ōnaehana i ka walu o ka. Na oihana mua o ka papa kuhikuhiE subgroup i kapaia hanohano - hanohano - kinoea no lākou pau lolouila leho, a, me ia i kaʻilihune, haʻahaʻa Nine Inch reactivity. Kekahi o ia mau mea - krypton, he Nine Inch hehee ai ma ka helu 36 - E e noʻonoʻoʻia e mākou ma ka au mamuli. Ke koena o kona mau nā hoapili ma ka papa 'ē aʻe maikai, kinoea, a ua hoʻohana i lohe nui ma ka ke kanaka.

Krypton - he Nine Inch hehee ai

Kēia noho ana o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika System mea i loko o ka ha o ka manawa, i ka walu o ka pae, i ka papa kuhikuhiE subgroups. Serial helu, a ma keia hope aku i ka helu ana o electrons a me ka nukelea malama (ka helu o protons) = 36. Mai keia mākou ke manao nei makou mea e hiki mai i ka lolouila haʻilula o krypton. Kākau ia: _{+ 36} Kr 1s 2s ^{2 2 2} 2p ⁶ 3s 3p ⁶ 4s ² 4p ^{10 6} 3d.

ʻae nō hoʻi, ka mea mawaho ikehu kiʻekiʻe o ka'Ātoma ua hoakaka pau. Kēia e hoʻoholo i ka loa haahaa reactivity o keia hehee ai. Eia naʻe, ma lalo o kekahi mau olelo aka hooponopono iho i ke komo i loko o ka ikaika o kekahi reactions i hale hānai kinoea e like me krypton. Nine hehee ai, a aho, i kona kulana i loko o ka'ōnaehana, lolouila 'ole, a ua ae e loaa kekahi ano nui o ka'Ātoma: valence. Ia mea, ke hiki i ka lilo Nine Inch paa.

IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ke i aku nei au ia ia mea aneane mau no ka mea ole-pīhoihoi moku'āina o na nā'ātoma mea like i ka hui helu, ma i ka mea, ua noho (ina oe e helu i, mai ka mua a hiki i ha i ka mea, a laila, Hope versa, 1234321). Naʻe, i ka valence o krypton ma keia? Aieao 'aʻole e pono, no ka mea,ʻaʻohe hou ikehu pou, oa me ka excitation o ka'Ātoma, ka mea nui mea ihola ia inert a me kona valence o Aʻohe.

Inā aka loaʻa kona excitation'Ātoma, na electrons e neʻe i paʻa-ka wawahi a me ka noa 4d orbital. Nolaila i ka hiki valence krypton: 2,4,6. 'okesaside moku'āina e like me ka + (+ 2, + 4, + 6).

Mōʻaukala o ka Kaka

Ma hope o ka loaʻa o inert kinoea - argon i ka 1894, helium i ka makahiki 1985 - e kilokilo, a hoʻokūpaʻa i ka manawa kūpono o ke ola i loko oʻano'ē aʻe hoopuni kinoea no kaʻepekema ua ole. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hooikaika ana ma keia ala e hiki aku mana a William Ramsay, ka poe i loaa argon. He pono manaoio aku ia i loko o ka lewa, ua inert kinoea, akā, i ko lākou helu mea ai mailuilu haalele i keʻano hana hiki ole koho i ko lakou alo.

Nolaila, e wehe i ka hehee ai krypton ua wale nō he mau makahiki. I ka 1898, i ka lewa ua kaʻawale Neon kinoea, a ma hope ona, a me nā inert hui i ka mea o ka pilikia o ka loaa a me ka hoʻokaʻawale, ka mea i hoʻoholo i ka inoa krypton. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, mai ka olelo Helene, o "Kryptos" 'o ia hoʻi i hūnāʻia.

ka mea hiki ole ke 'akomi i no ka lōʻihi manawa, ka mea, ua nui loa paʻakikī. Ka mea, keʻae i ka mea i loko o kekahi cubic mika o ka lewa he hoʻokahi mililika me ka kinoea. Ia mea, ka huina Ua emi ma mua o ka thimble! I ka mea, ua hiki i ka nana i ka waiwai, ka mea, i hoʻokahi haneri cubic kenimika o ka wai a ea. Mea pōmaikaʻi, i keia manawa, ua hiki i ka hoʻomōhala epekema no ka hana a me ka liquefying ea i loko o nui meaʻepekema. Oia ka huli o ka hanana aeia e loaa ka pomaikai i loko o ka loaʻa o W. Ramsay hehee ai krypton.

Spectroscopic ikepili hookupaa iho la ia i ka ka mua, ua ulu ana o ka hou waiwai. "Hidden" kinoea i ka laina loa hou i loko o ka pae, a i ole ia ma kekahi pili i ia manawa.

I hana na mea waiwai a me kona haʻilula mea

Inā krypton - he Nine Inch hehee ai pili ana i ka inert kinoea, ia mea Logical e kuhi i ka mea makemake e he mea mea e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie nā lātoma. Ua mea. Simple waiwai krypton - Kr kinoea me monohydric kuleana. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO mākou i maʻa i ka ike ana i ke kinoea i ka 'inideka "2", no kekahi laʻana, O _2, H _2, a no laila, ma luna o. Akā, i kēia hehee ai mea okoa no ka i pili i ka ohana o ka maikai, kinoea, a piha huina'ine iwi o ka'Ātoma.

physical waiwai

Like me kekahi'ē aʻe i huiʻia i loko o kēia no hoi i kona mau ano. ʻO kēia physical waiwai o ka krypton.

1. Loa kaumaha kinoea - ekolu mau manawa oi aku ma mua o ka ea.
2. Noʻai.
3. Colorless.
4. Odorless.
5. Ka baila aʻela i wahi -152 ⁰ C.
6. I ka pa apŘ o ka waiwai ma maʻamau rula, 3,74 g. / Ho'āo ai.
7. Heheʻe wahi -157.3 ⁰ C.
8. kiʻekiʻe ionization ikehu he 14 eV.
9. Electronegativity mea no hoi o kona kulana kiʻekiʻe - 2,6.
10. Wailana ma benzene, iki i loko o ka wai. Me ka mahuahua ana wela i ka solubility o ka loli emi. Kekahi i hui pūʻia me ka ethanol.
11. I mehana ea, ka mea i he permittivity.

Pela, ke krypton kinoea i lawa ano e pane koke chemically a ia e pono no kona kanaka waiwai.

Nine Inch mall

Inā hoolilo krypton (kinoea) i loko o ka paa ana, ia crystallizes i loko o ka māhele granetsentricheskuyu cubic puka olu oia. Ma keia wahi, ia mea i hiki ke komo i loko o Nine Inch reactions. Ka mea, he poʻeʻuʻuku koʻu, akā, e ola ana.

He nui na ano o ka mea, a i ua loaa ma ke kulanui o krypton.

1. Ua 'ano apau loa clathrates me ka wai: ^Kr. 5,75N ₂ O.

2. Hoʻopihapiha ia me ke aloha 'ona:

• ^2,14Kr. 12C ₆ H, OH;
• ^2,14Kr. 12C ₆ H ₅ Ch _3;
• ^2Kr. CCl _^4. 17H ₂ O;
• ^2Kr. CHCL _^3. 17H ₂ O;
• ^2Kr. _{(CH3) 2} ^CO. 17H ₂ O;
• 0,75 ^Kr. LC ₆ H ₄ (OH) _2.

3. I loa aku ana ke pane koke me ka fluorine, i ua oxidized. Penei, a me ka mea kemikala o ka haʻilula krypton i ka palapala: KrF _2, a me krypton difluoride. Ke degere o ka'okesaside i loko o ka hui 2.

4. kŘpa a nei, ua hiki ke synthesize i ka hui i nā loulou ma waena o krypton a me ka oxygen ma: Kr-O (Kr (OTeF _{5) 2).}

5. Finland i loaa ka hana hoihoi Mix o krypton me ka acetylene kapaia gidrokriptoatsetilen: HKrC≡CH.

6. krypton fluoride (4) Ua hoi he KrF _4. A ua hoʻopau i loko o ka wai, i ka hui hiki o ka ho okumu i ka palupalu, a lolelua ka kryptonʻakika, a i ike pono wale ma barium paʻakai: BaKrO _4.

7. ka haʻilula o krypton i loko o ka pili 'o Randy i mai kona difluoride, nana e like keia:

• KrF ⁺ SbF ₆ ^-;
• Kr ₂ F ₃ ⁺ auf ₆ ^-.

Penei, eia kahi mea akaka ia, hoʻowahāwahā i ka Nine Inch inertness, keia kinoea ho'āʻoʻia hoemi ka waiwai, a hiki ke komo i loa stringent olelo i loko o Nine Inch AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN. Ua haawi chemists a pau ma luna o ka honua i ke kukui omaomao a hiki i ka manawa kūpono o investigating na "huna" ea ke keʻena. He hiki i hou i huiʻia e loaʻa akea palapala noi i ka 'ike loea hou a me ka hana e koke e synthesized.

Paa o ke kinoea

Aia i kekahi mau aoao o ka hoomaopopo ana i ke kinoea.

• chromatography;
• spectroscopy;
• omo Ka Ikepili ki ina hana like.

Aia nō kekahi mau oihana mua nānā 'ia e ka ia ano, ka mea i waihoia i ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina. Krypton, xenon, radon - ka heaviest o ka maikai kinoea, a me ka loa elusive. Nolaila, e huai ae ia, a ua koi ia luna 'physico-Nine Inch ki ina hana like.

Nā Papahana no ka hoomakaukau

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ala e loaa - i ka aaioee wai lewa. Akā, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa laupaʻi ka maʻiʻo o ka krypton ia mea e pono ai i ke kō miliona o cubic mika no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka uuku nui o ke aliʻi kinoea. Ka a pau kaʻina paa wahi i loko o ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

1. ea lapaʻau ma kūikawā ea kaʻawaleʻana kolamu. Pela ka mea, he mahele o ka huina pele o 'ona ma luna o ke kaumaha hapa - ka hui ana o hydrocarbon a me ka hanohano kinoea i loko o ke kinowai ai oxygen, e like me māmā - lehulehu huikala kinoea. Mai ka hapanui o ka pahū 'ona, i ke kolamu i kekahi kūikawā mākeke kaukini loloa, ma i hookaawale koke aku i ka heaviest eiiiiiaiou. Iwaena o lakou, a me ka krypton. Ma ka OAAIeOO, oia uaʻelemakule haumia ma na mea. E loaa i kekahi huahana maemae, e pono e e hou malalo i ka helu ana o kekahi Nine Inch ohe. Me ka kūikawā nā'uheheʻe.
2. Ma kēia kahua, he läÿau, o ka krypton a me ka xenon, ua hoʻohaumiaʻia me hydrocarbons. No ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻohana kūikawā manao maalea ma i ka'okesaside a me ka adsorption o ka läÿau, hoʻopau loa hua'ōlelo i makemake eiiiiiaiou. Ma keia hihia i ka läÿau, iho koe undivided maikai kinoea i kahi hookahi. A, i ka pau kaʻina i wahi ma lalo kiʻekiʻe puʻe, e kauoha ana i ka hoʻololi kinoea i loko o ke kinowai ai moku'āina.
3. Ma ke kahua hope loa o ke kaawale ana e ia i ka hope loa kinoea läÿau, e loaa i kekahi pakahi aku la ia kiʻekiʻe aku o ka krypton a me ka xenon. No keia kūikawā hanana mea hoʻonoho ke hoʻololi, technically hemolele no keia kaʻina. I ka hopena o ke kiʻekiʻe kbps huahana i loko o ka palapala o gaseous krypton.

Interestingly, i nā mea a pau o ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia keʻano o ka hanaʻana e cyclic, me ka noho? Iecaianoaaiiuo ina ka feedstock - ea - Ua haawiia kupono dala. Kēia apono 'ia ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka maikai kinoea, a me krypton, ma ka nui loa hanalima me ka unahiʻole.

Pūnaewele a me ka amo ana o ka huina hoonui i wahi ma kūikawā metala pahu waihona me ka kūpono palapalaia maluna penei. Ka mea, ma lalo o ka puʻuwai, a me ka papaa mahana, aole ia i oi aku mamua o 20 ⁰ C.

Contents ma ke ano maoli

Ma lalo o maoli keia, eiaʻaʻole like ka hehee ai krypton, a me kona isotopes. I huina, heʻeono mea e hoʻopale ai i maoli anaʻano likeʻole:

• Krypton-78 - 0,35%;
• Krypton-80 - 2,28%;
• Krypton-82 - 11,58%;
• Krypton-83 - 11,49%;
• Krypton-84 - 57%;
• Krypton-86 - 17,3%.

Where ua ke kinoea he? O keia papa a he mea, a me kona wahi i hōʻike 'ia no ka manawa mua loa - i loko o ka lewa. Ka pakeneka o ka loa uuku - wale 1,14 m 10 ^-4%. I ikaika replenishmentʻikepili aliʻi kinoea me ke koe ma ke ano maoli, ua ku pono ia i ka nukelea reactions i loko o ka lithosphere o ka Honua. Ma laila i loaʻa i ka paa hapa o ka pilina paʻa nā kālaiōeweʻano likeʻole o kēia hehee ai.

kanaka ana

enehana Hoikehonua,ʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai e loaa krypton mai o ka lewa i loko o nui mea. A he mea na kumu e manaoio ana ia ia, e iho koke ana e puku i ka inert argon kinoea i loko o ka malamalama pu u kukui. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua piha oia me ka krypton, e lilo ka mea, nui ka hoʻokele waiwai: me ka mea ia mana hokii, ka mea e e nui hou a alohi mai ka malamalama. Ua mea i oi aku hiki ke pale aku i ka overload, e like me ka hoohalike me kaʻike mau, a ua piha i ka läÿau, o ka naikokene a me ka argon.

Ua hiki ke wehewehe sedentary nui, a kaumaha krypton nā lātoma i inhibit wela hoolilo mai ke aniani kukui i ka filament, a emi i ka omoāea o nā'ātoma mai ka 'ilikai.

Nō hoʻi,ʻo nā kālaiōewe Kr Kr ⁸⁵ hoʻohana no ka hoopiha ana kūikawā kukui i Ua hiki no K'lauea Hoʻokolohua kukuna. Ua malamalama ikehu ua hoohuliia i hiki malamalama. Mau kukui komo o ke aniani kukui nona ka lilo o ka paia i kapa komo iā ia me ka phosphorescent haku mele 'ana. Hoʻokolohua kukuna kālaiōewe krypton, noho ma luna o kēia ahu, e kauoha ana ia glow i ka pono kekahi ', a hiki i ka mamao o 500 m.

A hiki i ka mamao o ka pai kikokikona hiki ke ike pono mai i 3 mau mika. Kukui, ua mau nō, no ka mea, o ka hapa-ola o ka kālaiōewe krypton-85 mea e pili ana i 10 makahiki. Ka hana lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe nānā 'ole o ka he kumu, a me ka mawaho kaiapuni.

No hoi i hoʻohana krypton fluoride like oxidants aʻe paha. Kr-F hui haku mele 'ana hoʻohana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o excimer kukuna. Kekahi isotopes o krypton e ia ma ka laau lapaau. ʻano nui no ka lapaʻau 'ana pono, i ka ka loaʻaʻana o nā perforations a me ka liu i ka holo nenoai, i ka olelo wanana a me ka loaʻaʻana o ka popopo, like hooponopono lako a Wear wahi.

Kekahi oAaEeIeIAaIAeO o ka krypton - ka X-Ray paipu, a i piha me ia. Hoikehonua,ʻepekema e huli no ka aoao, e hoʻohana i kēia kinoea me ke filler i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o nā mea huihuina naehana hanu no kaiapuni i loko o ka wai. hoʻohana hiki keʻike ihola ia, a me ka anesthetic ma ka laau lapaau.