Kuzma Minin: Kawaihae, mōʻaukala hanana, militia. Kuzma Minin a me Prince Dmitry Pozharsky

I ka waenakonu o ke kūlanakauhale, ma ke kumu huinahalike o ka aina, i hoʻokumu i ka luawai-ike a puni ke kia hoʻomanaʻo, hanaia i ka 1818 ma sculptor I. P. Martosom. Imprinted ma luna o ka mea e pono ai na keiki Rusia - Kuzma Minin a me Prince Dmitry Pozharsky ma ka hora kaumaha no ke aupuni e hoʻokele i hoonohonoho a alakai i ke kaua e kū'ē i ka poʻe komohewa i na tausani he militia kanaka ka o. Nā hanana o ia mau makahiki lōʻihi lilo kekahi o ka nani 'aoʻao o ko mākou mōʻaukala.

Young a me ka enterprising Nizhegorodets

I ka hanau Kuzma Minin, ua i ikeia. Ua Ua manaoio aku i keia i hiki mai ai a puni 1570 i loko o ke Volga kulanakauhale o Balakhna. E malama i ka mōʻaukala, a me nā inoa o kona mau mākua - Michael a me Domniki. Ua ike no hoi i ka mea, ua waiwai kanaka, a me ka wā i umikumamakahi makahiki oʻu i kana keiki, neʻe i Nizhny Novgorod - kekahi o ka mea nui loa Volga kulanakauhale. I ia mau lā, ka mea i hooholoia e na keiki, mai kekahi kakahiaka nui elemakule like ka nui me kōkua ai i ka berena lākou poʻe kūpuna. Kuzma a me ka maʻa o ka hana i loaa ia lakou ma o kona wa opiopio.

I ka wā e kū ana, a laila,ʻaʻole ia i wehe i kona mau hana. Kokoke i ka Kremlin pā, i waiwai e Minin e kalua i holoholona, a me ka Shop me ka mōhai huahana. Mea hele pono loa, i ae i kūkulu i kona hale iho ma ka suburb hooponopono o ka Annunciation, kahi i noho ma ka manawa na kanaka me ke kala. A koke au loaʻa i ka maikai wahine - Tatiana Semenovna, a lilo ia i wahine, hanau mai la ia mau keiki kāne - Nefedov a me Leontius.

Ke kahea Zemsky ia nō ke konohiki

I waena o nā mea a pau, Posadskogo Lyuda Kuzma ku manao, ikehu, a me ka hana 'ana i o ka alihi kaua pelapela. No ka mea, o keia mau ano i ka noho ana o ka hooponopono, a me ka mea ana i nanea nui prestige, i ko lakou koho ia nō ke konohiki Kuzma. Akā, heʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o laila i ka hiki, e wehe i ka 1611, ka wā o ka Nizhny Novgorod i ia palapala puka makua'lii, me Heremogene kekahi, ka mea i kapaʻia nā papa o ka Lūkini kanaka, e ala hou mai ai me ka Polish komohewa.

No ke kūkākūkā o keia palapala i ka ia lāʻo ia i hele ai i ke kulanakauhale ahaolelo, iloko olaila no ka poeikohoia o ka hoʻokiwikā luna a me ka clergy. Au i hele ai ia ia, a Kuzma Minin. Koke ma hope o Ua heluhelu o kaʻo Samuel i nā kupa o Nizhny Novgorod, oia kakau ia me ke ahi olelo kahea, e ku ana no ka manaoio, a me ka Fatherland, a no keia mea laa e hookoe aole ola aole hoi ka waiwai.

Ikaika olelo o ke kaua

Kupa o ke kulanakauhale e hooholo koke ia ia i kona kāhea, akā, no ka mea, he nui-unahiʻole, i hana e pono ai, a ua lilo ka avid handyman hana, a koa makemake e financially makaʻuʻole poe koa, a me ka hoao ana i ka hakakā luna, hiki ke lawe kauoha. Ka mea, he Kuzma Minin a me Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, ka mea i pinepine ae la oia i ho'āʻo ai e ia i alii kiaaina maikai. Ano, ma nā mea a pau e pili ana e pili ana i kanaka waiwai, a me ka mea dala e hele pololei i Minin.

E ho ohana iʻikepili mai o kona mana, a me ke kākoʻo o ka poʻe hao wale Pozharsky, ka mea hoʻoholo i kela noho ana o ke kulanakauhale, ua koiia e haawi i ka mau puu dala i dala like i kekahi hapakolu o ka pau ana o kona waiwai. I ka loaʻa kekahi hoopii, ua hoemi ia i ka hapalima o ka loiloi 'ia' ana o nā mea a pau ana i loaaʻi kamaaina wau i kēia dala. Hahai ia e posited kaʻana like 'ana, nele i nā mea a pau Kivila pono, a hele akula i loko o ka waeʻano o ka hooluhi, a me nā mea a pau i ko lakou mau waiwai loa malalo iho o ke forfeiture i loko o ke aloha o ka militia. Mau mea i ka hoʻohalahala kānāwai o ke kaua, a me Kuzma Minin ia i kuleana e hōʻike nawaliwali.

Ho okumu ana o ka militias, a me ka hoʻomaka o hostilities

Heluhelu a kākau, e like me ka mea i loaʻa i loko o Nizhny Novgorod, ua hoouna no hoi ma ka nui no hoi na kulanakauhale o Rusia. Loa koke ma Nizhny Novgorod hui lehulehu pūʻulu, mai nā wahi, kahi e noho ana me ka ole emi enthusiastically ia i ka leo kahea o ka makua'lii. E like me ka hopena o ka hope o Malaki 1612 i ka makahiki o ka Volga i akoakoa mai na tausani he nui o ka militia, a ua alakai e Kuzma Minin a me Dmitry Pozharsky.

Ke kumu no ka ho okumu hope o ka poʻe hao wale lilo populous kalepa kulanakauhale o Yaroslavl. Nolaila, ma July 1612 ka militia, ma ka nui o ka oi aku mamua o kanakolu tausani kanaka i i ke intercept na koa o ka hetman Yana Hodkevicha, ke alahula i ka hoʻopakeleʻana wahi ma Moscow, ka Polish ka pā kaua. Ua hahai ke kuleana kaua ma August 24 ma lalo o nā paia o ke kulanakauhale alii. Laulā superiority ua ma kaʻaoʻao o ka poʻe komohewa, akā, i ka morale o ka militia nele ia i ka pomaikai. Prince Pozharsky a Kuzma Minin alakai papa o ke kaua, a me kona kino mamuli o ka ikaika luna o na koa.

Kremlin Hoʻonani

Ka lanakila ua piha. Poe enemi holo, e waiho ana i loko o nā lima o nā militias waiwai Nā Kia: halelewa, hae, pahu a me ka eha kaʻa me ka ai. Ua pio Ua i na pio he nui. Getman Ua kiola hoʻi mai Moscow, akā, ma ka Kremlin paia huahelu ua Polish colonels mokulele hēkī a me Wake, a no naʻe iā ia e kikeke mai. Eia hou, i kekahi koa a me kā lākou kākoʻo, he - boyars, peremetnuvshiesya ka poʻe komohewa. i kēlā me kēia no ia i ko lakou mau militia, a hoi i ke kaua.

Ma ka hoʻopilikiaʻia kona mauʻauamo i loko o ka Kremlin no ka manawa lōʻihi ma luna o ka ai, a me ka mea, waiho wale aku no i ka wi weliweli. Ike keia, Kuzma Minin a me Pozharsky, i mea e pale aku hoʻokali kūpono 'casualties, kaumaha aku la ia lakou e haawi, guaranteeing ke ola, akā, ua hōʻole. October 22 (Nowemapa 1) militia ai ka makani ino, a hoopio iho la i ke China Town, akā, i ka hoʻopilikiaʻia e kū'ē'ē mai hoomauia. Mai ka pololi i loko o kā lākou mau kahua hoomaka cannibalism.

Ke capitulation o ka Polish militia a me ke komoʻana i ka Kremlin

Prince Pozharsky i hoopalupaluia, e pono ai, a kaumaha akula i ka poʻe komohewa, e haʻalele i ke Kremlin me na mea kaua a me ka hae, e waiho ana wale nō ka mea i aihueia mau waiwai, akā, kekahi ma luna o kaʻauamo i ole ana. Hele wale kipi - alii ahaolelo, a me ko lākou mauʻohana, a Kuzma Minin, e ku ana ma ka Stone Bridge ma ka puka, ua ia e palekana mai ka Cossacks, o ka umu ahi e makemake e koke noho hoike me ka poe kipi.

Hoʻomaopopo lakou, Ua lalelale, Oct. 26 (Nov. 5) hoʻopilikia hookuu mai ai ia, a haʻalele i ka Kremlin. ʻO ko lākou hou hopena uaʻokoʻa. Iwalani regiment, kauoha hoala:ʻo ia ua i loko o ka wahi Pozharsky militia, a me ia i mālama i kana olelo, e malama ia lakou e ola ana ma ka hoʻouna hope ma Nizhny Novgorod. Akā, Regiment mokulele hēkī ku i ke alii kiaaina Trubetskoy a me ka mea i luku loa ma ka Cossacks.

Great lā i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia ua October 27 (November 6) i ka 1612. Ma hope o ka hana, hana Archimandrite o ka Trinity-Seregio hoailona Dionusio, ka militia Kuzmy Minina a me Pozharsky, ka ringing o ka bele ikaika akuʻoe i loko o ka Kremlin. Eia naʻe, mai a hiki i kēia lāʻo ia i ole noho makua'lii, me Heremogene kekahi, nana ia i hoalaʻe i kona kāhea Lūkini kanaka e kaua aku i nā poʻe komohewa. No ka hoole, e waiho i ko lakou makemake auamo Zamora ia ia e make i loko o ka hale ilalo o ka Chudov hoailona.

Ka Tsar ka aloha

Ma July 1613 ua he nui kekahi hanana i triggered ka rula trohsotletnemu House Romanovs i ka nohoalii Lūkini pii i ka mua o ko lākou mau 'elele - ka mō'ī Mikhail Fedorovich. Ua hiki mai ma luna o 12 o Iulai, a me ka ia la ae, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka monarchic i nohoaliʻi ai - i ka mahalo no kona patriotic hana - Kuzma Minin haawi mai i ke ano o ke alii o ka Duma. Ua ua he pono uku, no ka mea, i loko o ia mau lā ka mea, ua i ke kolu o ka huakaʻi o ka "hanohano", lua wale i ka boyar a me ka okolnichy. Ano, i ka mea nāna i hana o ka militia i ke kuleana e noho i loko o ka Boyar Duma, alai ae ia e kauoha paha e alii kiaaina.

No Minin nanea i ka kona palena hilinai o ka mō'ī. A hiki i ka 1615 Mikhail Fedorovich, a me kona mau hea ka hoa hele aku ma luna o ka malihini i ka Trinity-Seregio Lavra, i ka hoomalu ana i ke kulanakauhale alii waihoia mai ai ia ia, no ka mea, ua ike ia, freeing Moscow mai kahiko poe enemi, i ke kanaka e e hiki ke hoomalu ia mai ka wā e hiki mai. I ka wā e hiki mai, ka Auguseto pinepine i manao Minin kuleana paha.

Ka make a me ka mea huna pili i ka i koe iho o ka meʻe

Kuzma Mihaylovich Minin make ma May 21, 1616, a ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka churchyard Pohvalinskoy ekalesia. I ka 1672, i ka mua Nizhny Novgorod Kauhalenui Filaret kauoha e hoolilo i kona lehu i loko o ka hoopahaohaoia'na Hale Pule Nui o ka Kremlin ma Nizhny Novgorod. Ma ke kanakolu o ka XIX kenekulia nani dilapidated ma ka manawa o ka luakini i wāwahi, a ma ka 1838, ae oukou mai ka mea, kukulu iho la i ka hou kekahi.

Kona luawai Ua hoʻoneʻe lehu Minin a me kekahi mau aliʻi. Hoʻokahi haneri makahiki ma hope, e alualu ana i ke kulekele o militant atheism, i razed ka Bolsheviks i ka lepo o ka luakini, a me ka i koe iho o ka Nizhny Novgorod militiamen i hele mai i ka kūloko Mikanele, a laila, i laila 'o ia i ka luna'ānela Michael Hale Pule Nui ma Nizhny Novgorod. A ka mea, ua maliu kauoha aku manaʻo like me ka ilina o Kuzma Minin.

Eia naʻe, noiʻi i loko o keia manao kekahi mau mea pohihihi. Aia ka speculation i Michael ka luna'ānela Hale Pule Nui mālama i ka lehu o ka okoa loa kanaka, a me ka i koe iho o ka meʻe kaulana noho nō i loko o ka lepo ma ke kahi o ka luakini i luku. Aia ka mea, e kūkulu hale o ka Nizhny Novgorod hooponopono, a me ka ahalunakanawai City, ai mea e excavate a hoopaa a ke Säkona i kēia loa kuhiakau mea hiki ole.

Mahalo mamo

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o kana keiki Minin ua Nefedov, ka mea i mālama ai me solicitor ma Moscow - ka haʻahaʻa o kūhelu i loko o kekahi o ka mō'ī mau kauoha. Mau hoʻomanaʻo pono o kona makua kāne, Mikhail Fedorovich kūikawā palapala puka lepo pipili no hoi i kona kuleana o ka ona o ka patrimonial kulanakauhale o Bogorodsk ma ka Nizhny Novgorod Apana. He pū waiwai'āina, a ma ka Kremlin ma Nizhny Novgorod.

Kuzma Minin a Dmitry Pozharsky pale Rusia, a me ka mahalo mamo i ka 1818, hoʻokumu 'ia ma Moscow, kia i ka poe Patriots oiaio o ko lākou aupuni. Kona mea kākau i ka poʻokela sculptor I. P. Martos, a me ka mea i hanaia ma ka naau mai donations mai kanaka. Mua ia i? Oaony e hookupaa i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o Nizhny Novgorod - ka cradle o ka People ka Militia, akā, ma hope hoʻoholo e hoʻoikaika iā ia, a hiki i ke kapikala, e like me ka mama o kēia kanaka i loko o kā lākou laulā hele loa aku ia i ka hookahi kulanakauhale.