Lapaʻau o Parasitology: Definition, maʻi, parasites Mea Maluna

Mākou honua ka nani a me ka'āina like. Na tausani o ke ola mauʻano a mahalo kona nani, ikaika, hiki e ola a me nā hanana hiʻona. Akā, Eia naʻe, he mea malamalama ma i loa he hope ia,ʻo a OAOOUIEeE wale i loko o ka mea ana e noho ma ka lilo ana o kekahi mea. Ua parasites. Lapaʻau o Parasitology epa me ka poe o ia i ka mea pilikia i kanaka ola a me ke ola.

He paʻakikī a hiki i ka manaʻo o na mea he nui o ia ma laila nō i loko o ke ao nei. i oi a emi hiki ke i pōʻino he mau miliona? ueony, a me ka hapanui o ia - kēia a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi, a me koʻohune, a me fungi, a me na ilo, a me nā mea kolo, a me ka poe noonoo ole. I ka hoʻoholo 'ana me kēia mea' ano o parasites moe i loko o ke kanaka, a haawi aku la ia ia pilikia, he mau hana 'inikua a me ka noiʻi hui, no kekahi laʻana, ma Moscow o ka Institute o Parasitology a me Tropical Medicine o Martsinovsky. Lakou hana noiʻi e kuhikuhi pests, a i hoakaka ia lapaʻau hoʻokūkū.

Similar kulanui nei i loko o nā kūlanakauhale nui na mea he nui o ka ulu'āina o ko ke ao nei, no ka mea, na parasites hoouka aku i na kanaka o nā makahiki, apau ia, lā hui a me ka wahine ka, a ma nā mea a pau kau. Pehea e ike ia oe, ua lilo i ka poe liilii, a me ka pest kai? He aha e hana, a wahi e hele aku ai no ke kōkua? E ka noiʻi ana.

He aha ka Parasitology?

E hoʻomaka, lawe i ka nana aku ma kekahi mau hua'ōlelo. Ka loa, he pono ole no ia - Parasitology. Mea he 'epekema e pili ana me ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o liluwelo parasites, kā lākou morphological hiʻona o ke ola, parasitism nā loina o ka etiology, pathogenesis, e like me ka ulu ana o ki ina hana like, e hakakā iā lākou, a me ka loaʻa o ka hou ai ', e hana lakou i na mai ia lakou i. Kekahi o ka mea nui mau mea o ka 'epekema, hana kūikawā ana i loko o kanaka pests, mea he' inikua parasitology. Wā ka mea, ke haawi aku i ka eia - ua i ka pauku ma ka lapaau ana haʻawina a pau ano o pathogenic haʻawina o pests - ka mea, mailoko o kekahi kanaka, a mea he kumu o ka maʻi e like me ka mea ana ma mua, ua pilikia, pehea e pono ia, a pehea e hoʻopale ai e ku e ia lakou.

Aia He nō kekahi kauka holoholona parasitology, a, ma ka rula, o ka mea like me ka 'inikua, na holoholona wale no. Ma ke ano he mea he pūʻulu o meaola hiki o hitting nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Akā, ma ka hapanui o na hihia ma ka evolution o microorganisms hakuloli i parasitic haʻawina i loko o kekahi i kekahi ano o ke kaua, no ka laʻana, wale nō i loko o nā manu kekahi wale nō i loko o kānaka, a me wale i ka mehana-koko holoholona. Nolaila, he mea mau pauku o Parasitology, kekahi o ka i epa me ka anakahi iki-meaola i mea maʻi i loko o kānaka, 'ē aʻe - holoholona.

Pauku o Lapaʻau o Parasitology

parasites Army nui ole wale, akā, no hoi he nui kona mau maka. Kēlā me kēia no ka? Ueo i kona iho, nona wale no ia ano o ke ola a me ka mea nui okoa pathology. E kōkua i ka hana o nā kānakaʻepekema, a somehow differentiate noiʻi i ka mea hana, ma ka 'inikua parasitology hōʻike' mau kumuhana apau loa, hoihoi i loko o wale i kekahi mau ano o ke ola 'ano apau loa.

- protozoology;

- arachnoentomology;

- Helminthology.

Nui: na symptoms o ka maʻiʻaʻai, kena ae la ia e na elele o kekahi o kēia mau pauku e pinepine like me na symptoms o ka maʻi i pili i ka infestation, no laila, me ka ho'āʻo ai i kūpono i ke lawelawe ka lapaʻauʻia, a e ole e alakai i ka maikaʻi hopena. E hoʻopau i ka manawa kūpono o ka maʻiʻaʻai, E e hana i loko o ka Lapaʻau o Center o Parasitology (inā i loaʻa i loko o ka kauhale), a me kekahi ola hale 'ole i loko o kaʻike, o parasitic ka maʻi.

Lapaʻau o protozoology

Hui hua'ōlelo "protozoology" Ua i mai o ekolu poe noonoo ole, a ma Greek 'o ia hoʻi ka kēia: "e ku e ia" - o ka mua "Zoo" - he holoholona, a me ka "logy" - loosely unuhi ia mea e pili ana i kekahi mea, e ao ana. Ia mea i ka māhele o Lapaʻau o Parasitology protozoology hana i loko o ke ao o parasitic ola 'ano apau loa i ua kaua kipi i waena o ka mea mua i loko o ke ao nei. i hookahi-aa? protozoa a pau o ia - amoeba ikeia mai ke kula a me nā ciliates. Ka hapa nui o lakou e noho i loko o ka papa, me ka ma o na la mai ka pilikia, akā, ua hakuloli lala kekahi o ka pae i noho i loko o nā meaola. Once i kanaka, kapa aku la lakou ia parasitic paha, ma na olelo e ae, o ka parasitic maʻi. Mau pilikia microorganisms loaʻa:

1. Amoebas. Lākou Ana, he 0.5 mm o a emi, a me ke kino ua mau hoʻololi shape bulging, a huki i kekahi keʻano o ka hanaʻana'ē aʻe. Mau moku a pau, hookahi ma ke kanaka naʻau liʻiliʻi, ma o na la weliweli maʻi amebiasis e hoʻopaʻa nei i "ka maikai o Iabeza" lua o ka wahi i loko o ke ao nei me ka olelo o ka make mai invasive pathologies. I ke kanaka, kekahi mau laha 'o parasitic amoebae. Me ka hi koko (Entamoeba histolytica) o ka instigator o ka hī koko, i ka simplest ano o Acanthamoeba keratitis hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o amebic, a me ka helu o nā amoebas i amoebic encephalitis. Hiki e iho mailoko o kaʻaiʻana i kaʻai a me ka wai i loaʻa i ka amebic cyst like me ka'ō'ō ihe me kā lākou lawe. Noho i loko o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, a wahahee i loko o kona paia, amoeba me ke koko e lawe aku ma luna o ke kanaka kino i waihoia ma kona'ē aʻe nā loko, pinepine i loko o ke ake, a hou lesions hana amebiasis.

2. flagellates. E like me ka inoa hoʻohuʻu, i kēia mau mea wale hoʻoneʻeʻia mea o ka cilia, flagella a me ka 'ē aʻe like ē aʻei kūpono. Lapaʻau o Parasitology a parasitic maʻi i pili loa aku,ʻaʻohe mea i ke ano o ka meaola i ole, ua noʻonoʻo pono. Ma kekahi, flagellate Trichomonas vaginalis ke kumu trichomoniasis urogenital fraught me ka infertility, a ma na hihia ia ka mea, i mai no ia, hapai, trichomoniasis hiki i miscarriage. Trichomonas, e like nui no hoi na parasites noho wale i loko o ke kanaka, a me nā pū i hiki ma ka'ō'ō ihe (moe). Other koʻikoʻi 'elele o flagellates - hoa o ka genus Leishmania, Gambian trypanosome mea e hookomo anaʻApelika Waena trypanosomiasis make. Trypanosomes hohola o ka tsetse nalo. I ke kanaka, i ka parasites neʻe i ka lolo. Kā lākou mau hana e disrupting Aneane pau kino nenoai. Aka, aia sporozoans, i ka noho pilikia loa ana i ua noʻonoʻo Taxoplasma gandi, ma o na la toxoplasmosis.

3. Ka ciliates. I waena o ia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō kāmaʻa, akā, i Balantidium coli, i ku i ka naʻau liʻiliʻi hiki aku ai i mea maʻi balanthidiasis. Iho mailoko me intestinal balantidiumom hiki e mai na holoholona ma ka ai ana ia permeate kūpono imu o ka ai, a me ka hoopau ana i ka ai a me ka wai, mai parasite cysts.

Lapaʻau o arachnoentomology

Ma Helene, "arachnis" - he punawelewele. Alaila, arachnoentomology - he 'inikua parasitology hoʻoili arachnids a me arthropods i mau, parasitic ma luna o kānaka. A pau kēia mau parasites wehe oi ma mua o ka hapa miliona. Ka mea, e ia? Aiaiiuie ia (pepehi, a inu, a me ka koko o ka luahi hema) a me ka mau (noho ma luna o ka luahi mai o kona hanau ana a hiki i ka make). Great weliweli keia pae ana o parasites o ke kumu o ia mea, ae aku ke koʻikoʻi, a me ka pinepine ona invasive maʻi. No laila, ua hookoia mākou lepeta encephalitis, relapsing wela, Lyme maʻi, scabies,ʻuku lele lawe mai iā mākou i ke ahulau, typhus, bedbugs - Chagas maʻi, makika - malaria, anthrax, lenalena kuni. Aia nō i nā pilikia nā mea kolo e parasites - na uku hoi kekahi, tsetse makika, lio lele, he laau, na uku hoi kekahi. Eia hou, aia no he nui o ka papa o nā mea kolo, parasites ma ke ano maoli, ua ole, akā, kekahi e hali ana i ka mea pepehi maʻi. Ua lele, cockroaches, likeʻole'ūhini lele me.

Lapaʻau o helminthology

Mawaena o na kanaka parasite mea,ʻaʻole wale nō wahi, akā, he nui, wahi aku me ka hiki i ka maka kapa ole, a me kekahi manawa, a hiki nui kanaka. Ka mea, ilo a me na ilo, a me na ilo scientifically. Kela a me keia makahiki ka mea, i iho mailoko o na lua o ka noho ana o ka Honua, a me loko o Rusia, e like me ka noiʻi, helminthiasis poino 99% o ka heluna kanaka. No ia mea, ia mea paakiki e overestimate i ka nui o ka hana, a ua hana i ka 'inikua parasitology, e olaʻi ko makou poe kanaka, mai keia maʻiʻaʻai. Helminths hiki hopu ole wale ka poe e ole hooko me ka lima kou niho, a me ka ai ana unwashed hua a me ka lau, akā, i ka poʻe iʻai undercooked ai mau holoholona, nā manuʻaiʻia, ka iʻa, inu untreated ka wai.

Oia hoi, accidentally hopu hiki, no ka laʻana, moni me ka ai puamauu lawe helminth larvae paha cysts. Aia o kekahi pūʻulu o nā ilo (i kapaʻia ka mea, hui 'ana) e komo i ke kino o ka luahi ma kōna ili. Lapaʻau Parasitology, Helminthology i ka nui, hana ole wale differentiation o ka laha 'o nā ilo, akā, i hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ko lakou ulu ana pōʻaiapuni, e like me kekahi pae ana o kanaka o ka poe kaua hope loa, a no ka mea' ē aʻe - waena.

Ua mea i nui, e noiʻi ana, a ma ka kahua o ka? Acaeoey ka parasite ke komo iloko o ke kanaka, kekahi holoholona i ka puali waena, a pehea kanaka aayoaeuiinoe Ua pili i keia. He oi loa oiaio no na flatworms. No ka laʻana, no ka mea bovine tapeworm, kupu i loko o ke kanaka kino i ai i 10 mau mika ma ka lōʻihi, e ka holoholona, i ka puaa tapeworm - puaʻa, no ka laulā tapeworm - iʻa.

nematodes

No laila, kapa roundworms, a i loaʻa ma ka 'ano a me ka wehewehe 24.000? Ueo. Mea pōmaikaʻi,ʻaʻole nō a pau o ia parasitic i loko o ke kanaka, akā,ʻo nā mea i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka evolution ua koho na kanaka, ka poe i mai o kona kulana he nasty maʻi - nematodes. Ka loa lohe nuiʻia i waena o ka heluna o nā nematodes - ia mea pinworms, a nō ka loa he ākea ilo i loko o nā kamaliʻi nā hualoaʻa a me ka hookonokono ana ia maʻi enterobiosis. Pinworms noho wale i loko o ke kanaka (ma ka gut), maʻiʻaʻai ia lŘlŘ maʻino lima, unwashed hua a me ka lau, keokeo a me ka hale 'ikamu, hoʻohana' ia ma o ka hoʻomanawanui.

Kauka parasitologist hiki wawe ka ho oholo i ka pinworm infestation mea mua ma luna o ka hookahi ano symptom - loa maneo ma ka anus, no ka mea o kahi o nā ilo moe hua. E i ka ohane, e pee no he kupaianahaʻakika. Ke hoomanawanui hoʻomaka i waihona meli i ka paena, a me na hua i loko o kēia kaʻina hāʻule i loko o kona mau lima, a laila, i loko o ka waha, kapa, toys - anywhere. Ma ka papa ola ka mea, he lōʻihi manawa, no laila, ka mea e hiki mai ana luahi inā 'aʻole e holoi i na lima, hiki wawe ka noho pinworm i loko o ko lākou mau kino. Kekahi luawai-ike 'elele o ka nematode roundworm ka poe hoomokuahana ascariasis. Ka mea, ola no oukou kekahi wale i loko o ke kanaka, akā, ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o kona ulu ana, noho iho i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai a me liʻiliʻi. Ke kumu o ka maʻiʻaʻai ana i keia hihia i kekahi ka wale maʻi kanaka, a me ka maʻiʻaʻai kumu o ka nele o ka kou niho.

lapaʻau '

I hiki ke ike mai i ka luna, ke kanaka parasites, he mau haneri, a me kela mea keia mea i kona mau peculiarities. I mea e hookupaa nui ae i ka pololeiʻike, kauka parasitologist pono 'ohi i mōʻaukala:

- clarifies nā kūlana ma lalo i ka maʻiʻaʻai i ua hanaia (ke hoʻomanawanui i ka maʻamau o ke ola, i kana hana, a i ka hoomaha, no ka mea hoike, i loko o na ululaau a me ka'āina, kahi pinepine maʻi'ōkuʻu o parasitic maʻi);

- i ke alo a kaawale o ka hui 'o ka hoʻomanawanui me kekahi mau hui o nā holoholona, a no laila, ma luna o);

- symptoms o ka maʻi (ina he mea ohane, poʻe noʻonoʻoʻole, symptoms o intoxication, nawaliwali, anaemia).

Aʻano nui kūlana i loko o kaʻike, hoʻokō keʻena hoʻokolohua ho'āʻo ma. Ka mea, ua kauoha a me kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe. Direct mea e huai ae hua paha, larvae 'ole' ē aʻe e ola ana i kālā o nā parasites i loko o ke kanaka excreta (faeces, sputum, mimi). Keia hana ua lawe mai parasitology keʻena hoʻokolohua kahi o ka hoʻomanawanui mai e hele wale hou nā no ka noiʻi. No ka laʻana, hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mauʻano o nā ilo ma na feces, i mua o 20 minuke ma hope o ka naʻau i ka hele hope.

Inā 'oe e ohi hou mea mea paʻakikī a me ka hiki ole (no ka mea hoike, ina na parasites i loko o ke akepaa, o ka lolo), lawe maiʻauhau'ēʻaʻe ho'āʻo ma. Ka mea, i ia akulla 'i loko o ke koko o ka hoʻomanawanui i ho'ākāka' nā mea'aʻaʻa hua mai ma ke kino, e hoʻopale ai i ka infestation.

lapaʻau

Parasitology Lapaʻau hoomakaukau no ka make i loko o ke kanaka kino parasites e kaumaha ana i ka loa like. A hookahi Agena, ua hoola mai nā ano a me ke ano o ka maʻiʻaʻai, aole ia i nei. Nolaila, lapaʻau e wale koho kauka, a ma hope o pololeiʻike, wale. I ka lā,? Ac? Huahana, a me loko o kona wale nô mebendazole, diethylcarbamazine, levamisole, piperazine adipate a me nā waiwai. mea hiki, e luku wale i kekahi mau 'ano o parasites kēlā no ia. Ma kekahi mau hihia, e like me bovine lei i maʻiʻaʻai, lapaʻau ua hana surgically.

kauka holoholona parasitology

Kēia māhele mea nui kanaka, ka poe i Style ole wale no, akā, no kela mea keia mea o mākou, like o ka poe i loa wahi, aʻaʻole ma ka hui 'ana me na holoholona e lilo mailoko o ka ai ana i ka ai, ka iʻa, a i lilo i luahi o insectʻaki. Kauka holoholona Parasitology Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i ka loa laulā huahelu o ka hana:

- hoʻokolokolo ai na Style no ke alo o ia mea a pau lawe hou ikeia parasites;

- produces lapaʻau;

- e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka pōʻeleʻele loa i ole kiʻi iho mailoko o ka ai, ka waiu, nā holoholona huahana, like hoʻi me ka iʻa a me ka MeaʻAi O Ke Kai, e nānā i ka poʻe ola, a me nā holoholona i make, a ma ka hihia o em me nā paʻi kaua ka loaʻaʻana e kuhikuhi i ka quarantine ciia.

Kāohi

I mea,ʻaʻole e hana eha iaʻi mai ka nui ke ano o na parasites, i ka lā, wahi aku me ka papahana i ka laʻau koʻokoʻo. Ka mea, pono e noi, e waiho ana ma ka hoomaha ole no ka hana i loko o Roma Amerika, Aferika a me nā wahi noho ma kekahi insect (honi pilikia, i ka tsetse nalo, a me na mea e ae) i hiki i pilikia maʻi. No ka vaccination e leka uila i ka Institute o Parasitology ma kekahi 'inikua kula o kona kulanakauhale, komo i loko o kēia haʻawina. No ka noho ana o na wahi kahi i ka maʻi i pinepine outbreaks, kena ae la ia e parasitic nā mea kolo (e like me tick-hānau encephalitis o ka Urals, Siberia, a me kaʻAʻole loa hikina), a no ka poe e hele ana i kēia mau wahi no ka paʻa 'ole? Aiaiiuie noho pela, i koi' ia vaccination.

An nui wahi i loko o ka Kāohiʻana o invasive maʻi uaʻai wale ai hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe nana huahana. Eia hou, mai e hoʻohana i ka wai, mai ka wai me hoolapalapa.

Akā loa importantly, ole no a pau Hoʻohana o ka helunaʻano o ka pale kaua o kou niho, oa holoi lima, hua, ka lau, a ua kūpono ka imu o kaʻai, ka iʻa, ka waiu.