Library - He aha ka mea? He aha 'ano o nā hale waihona puke nei?

Biblion (.ʻole) - puke,ʻenehana (ʻole.) - pūnaewele. Library - He aha ka mea? Papaa makahiki no na buke, moʻolelo i kākau lima, 'ike ma kikohoʻe no a pilikino paha i lehulehu ana.

moʻolelo

Makamua East o ka aina hanau o ka hale waihona puke mua. Ma ke kulanakauhale Babylonian o Nippur luakini loaa i ka ohi ana i na papa o ka lepo, i hana ia 2500 makahiki BC. e ka. Ka halekupapau kokoke Thebes loaʻa i ka pahu o ke papyrus. I ka au ia Ramses New Kingdom he 20 tausani. Papyrus. O na papa io o ka Asuria alii noʻonoʻo i ka loa kaulana o kahiko'Ākia waihona ma Nineva.

Ke kikowaena o ka ohi kahiko o ka buke, a me papyri noʻonoʻo i ka Waihona Puke o Alexandria. Ua ua hapa o ke aʻo luna ', a komo i ke keena no ka hiamoe, ao lumi, heluhelu, ai. Created e Ptolemy. Ua komo 200 tausani. Kope no ka heluhelu a me ka 700 tausani. School palapala. Luku ma ke ahi i loko o ka makahiki 270 BC. e ka.

A pau i ka waihona kahiko o nā puke i mālama i loko o ka hale i. Like loa me ia ma ka Middle Ages, i ka hale waihona puke i wale i loko o monasteries. Aia O kekahi maloʻo hale ilalo mānewanewa kūikawā palapala hemolele, a me ka palapala o ka Man nui o ka Ekalesia. Hana kope pono i kahiko moʻolelo i kākau lima, he Roma, a Greek hāʻina o nā haʻawina, a haule iho la ia i loko o nā lima o nā mōneka. Book waiwai ua ai kiʻekiʻe i ka mea, a hiki hoopaaia lakou i na pa a me shelves, e pale aku aihue.

Typography Ua hoʻomohala i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ke pai kaomi, a me ka mea, ua i hou au i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka hale waihona puke. I ka loaʻa nui o ka 'ike, a me ka kupono o na lilo o ka' epekema moʻokalaleo ua i alakaʻi ai i ka hooulu ana o ka moʻomeheu, hoʻonaʻauao 'ana a me ka ike paka i ko na kanaka a pau.

'ano o nā hale waihona puke

• State.
• Kulanakauhale.
• Personal.
• Bedroom.
• Ponoi.
• Aʻo.

Social ano:

• Malihini.
• Baby.
• University.
• Hana: 'inikua, oaoieei-, mahiʻai.
• No ka mea makapo.
• Wa opiopio.
• Nā hana.

National Library He aha kēia? Waho pūnaewele ma ka aina o ka ahakanaka. i koi Official no ka luna hoʻopuka e hoʻolako i ka Archive no kekahi kope kakaikahi o ko lākou mau huahana. 'Aʻole wale nō puke, akā, i Memo, nupepa, Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke.

ha awina

heluhelu hana a me ka hoolako ana i ka puke no ka heluhelu a me ka hoʻonaʻauao hou. Aia he mau ano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me nā mea kūʻai mai.

1. Issuance o ka puka paiia ma luna o kou mau lima (hale) no ka hoakaka manawa.
2. Hoomaopopo ana i ka manawa e heluhelu i kekahi puke i ka heluhelu lumi.

More marketable mea o loko o ka lehulehu kikowaena, a me ka malihini ke koho me ke kōkua o ka hale waihona puke. Ke koena o nā puʻu waiho i loko o ka moʻokalaleo a me ka hoopuka ia ma ka noi. Ma ka loa pohihihi nui o ka lehulehu ākea poino paha i loaʻa ka moku'āina mea huna, e pono e loaa he kupaianaha palapala.

Puke aha? Book Depository RV? Ma loihi wahi kahi kūloko waihona scant paha kekahi ma nā mea a pau, koe ke kaʻa'ōhua me ke kaulana moʻokalaleo. He He Classic no nā haumāna a me kēia novels. Ka mea, i ka hana o ka lawe kauoha mai ka poʻe heluhelu.

"Inā like me ka hopena o ka global catastrophe ma ka Honua, e i ole i waeʻia'ē aʻe ma mua o nā hale waihona puke, alaila, na kanaka hiki ke ola ae la ia," - kākau ihola Dmitry Likhachev.

Waihona Puke. He aha nā 'ano o nā hale waihona puke

Kaʻokoʻa nā hale waihona puke - o ka buke o ka puu dala (helu o nā puke), manao, Bedroom a me ka lahui nui. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka kaʻoihana kālā o ka palapala hōʻoia no nā limahana, ka pono o ka papaa, a me ka hiki, e hookauwa aku i ka heluna kanaka i piha. Like loa me HOU ma ka ike.

No ka mea heluhelu o ka hana ua oi efficient i loko o ka hana ana i ka waihona'ōnaehana i hoʻohana nā palapala kuhikuhi. Kēia kāleka, a i 'ike' iniha, kapuaʻi. Na ma ke kaʻina pī'āpā o nā kākau a me ka inoa, synopsis a me ka hoʻokuʻu makahiki o ka puke.

Currently, loaʻa nō nāʻano o ka waihona cabinets: manuale hoʻohana a ma uila Media,. E-AEI mea oi mana no ia e like me ka hikiwawe e loaa ana e imi i ka mea e pono 'ike, ia mea mau nō a' aʻole i lawe i nui ka lewa i loko o kou kamepiula. Akā, kēlā me kēia waihona mai ka manawa e kuai i kamepiula lako a pan ma ka pili ana i ka hoʻolako 'ia o uuku.

Children ka waihona

He aha mea he keiki ka hale waihona puke? Ka pūnaewele auau ninoieo o puke no ka muli loa heluhelu, like hoʻi me moʻokalaleo, paipai no ke kula a me ka hana ma waho aʻeo heluhelu. O ka Classic, a laekahi moʻolelo a me nā novels na keiki, na holoholona, poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao no ka hooulu ana o ka manaʻo.

He aha ka ke kula waihona, a pehea aole ia oko mai ke keiki? Ke koena unuhi kuhikuhi i loko o ka kaʻoihana kālā. Ina he poe keiki i ka puʻu, he kulanakauhale ma lalo nei, a lawe i ke kālā ma luna o ka ulu ana o ka moku'āina, ke kula hale waihona puke dala ua hanaʻia ma muli o ia i ke kula Bedroom. Ma waho aʻeo ia hana noʻeau a me ka hoʻonaʻauao buke, ka mea, iloko ona methodological moʻokalaleo no na kumu.

Digital waihona

He aha mea he kikohoʻe waihona puke? Mau mea i ka palapala (mau buke, Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke, nupepa) i loko o ka mīkini waihona, a i hoonohonoho pololei oe ohi. Ua Ua lako pono me ka huli 'oihana a me ka hoʻokele. Kēia hiki ia i ka pūnaewele puni honua paena i mau hui kikokikona nā mea noʻeau a me kaʻepekema. Ke dala e like me Media, ka hoʻoponopono-lawa i ka lakou iho, a me ka koi ma users.

He aha mea he online, waihona (ole lolouila) a me ka papa kuhikuhi pono:

• i kā mākou i loaʻa 'ike;
• malama ana o ka aina hoʻoilina;
• kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana no ka hoonaauaoia'na, pakiko-ao, a me ka hana.

I ka mua, i ke kumuhana o kikohoʻe hale waihona puke iʻikeʻia i loko o ke kakahiaka 90s. Aupuni kākoʻo a me ka hoʻolako 'ia o,ʻaneʻane, aole. Akā, i kākoʻo 'ia e ka Russian Foundation no XIX. Research a me ka Foundation no Humanitiesʻana a me ka mahalo, i ke kumuhana.

Ka hiʻona o online, nā hale waihona puke no ka hana i kela lā, i kēia manawa ka paena i kahi i komo ai i ke kuai ana, e loaa hou mai, a hoʻi ka hoʻolako 'ike, oi ma mua o ka tausani.

kēia waihona

Ma keia makahiki o ka 'ike loea hou lolouila a hiki i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia mea hoʻohana nele ka hoʻokō ai o ka' ike. Russian kēia waihona o keia la ua Hawaiʻi. ʻOiai ke kükohu i mua, ua ulu i loko o ke kula o ka manaʻo i kona mau pilikia. Holo nōhie i kēia kālā.

Ka "kükohu waihona" - He aha ka mea? Kēia kumu hoʻohālike o ka laekahi waihona o ka 'ike no ka lehulehu ana. Hae i apono i ka ono o ka makahiki kūkā o ka Russian Library Hui i loko o May 2001. Hana: ke i ka mea hoʻohana a me kekahi 'ike i noi aku ai. Ka hoao ana mua ua hua mai i loko o ka hale waihona puke kua'āina o ka Pskov māhele.

Malama epekema: Print, wikiō a me nā leo mai, helu, Nails, papahana. Hoolilo i kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino makaikai, a online. Pahuhopu: e hoʻololi i ka mea maikaʻi ka pono o ke ola no ka hoʻokiwikā a me ka kua'āina e noho ana, ka hooulu ana o ka hou, Contemporary imi naʻauao pono ai, e pono ai ka hoʻololiʻana i ka accelerating iki mai o ke ola, 'oihana huli kōkua a me nā hana, i ke kaua ana i ka haʻahaʻa ola mau hae, o ka' āpana o ka ike.

e hiki wā Terms o ka honua nei, hana o kēia hale waihona puke:

• makakū? aaiuo;
• i ke kākoʻo mai o kūloko aupuni;
• i ka loaʻa nui o iauaeoia a me ka lako a pan;
• Aey? acaeoey? aeuiiai ieaia?.

He aha ka kaʻiʻo nō o kēia hale waihona puke? Kēia manaʻo i ka nui manaʻo. Mua a poʻokela like me ka makemake o ke kino'āina. I ka hana pono, e pono e kukulu hou i na hana. Hana nona iho 'ike aaioee, e hoomakaukau waiwai i ka uila Media.

XIX. Olelo no i kēia waihona

Ke kumu o koi komo i kā mākou no ka heluna. Loko o ke kahahńnai o 3 kilomika ( 'ole 20 minuke e hele mamao) i ia e ka waihona a me ka lala. mea pono no hoi ia mea hoʻohana launa wahi, ma ke kuʻina o ka hele wāwae alanui a puni lehulehu amo i pau ka moni.

Ka waihona i ia e kaawale ma ka pūnaewele a me ka nānā mau ana wela aniau (ona mau) 'ole. Area o ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 80-110 sq. m A piha 'ia o ka lako a pan. papa, noho, shelves, oaoieei-lako a pan. No ka hoomalu ana - ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 1 ke ahi extinguisher ma ka 40-50 kuea mau mika. la hehi palaoa, i loko o na lumi. Like pono me ke ahi poʻe hiamoe.