Ma ka waiwai o iao?,ʻanoʻenehana a me ka nohona kanaka ma ka ulu'āina, efficient nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai - a pau a me ka makakū kūlana o iao? A me ka hana 'enekinia, etc.

VA Pyatkin alaʻe iluna, e haule iho

hoino nei no. Ua hiki mai ka manawa

manawa i ka 'imi naʻauao noʻonoʻo.

S. A., haku.

FROM THE AUTHOR

I ka pau 'ana o ka XX kenekulia i ka make ana o ka USSR - ka moku'āina o ka' ilikai global i waena o nā luna o ka iao? Iiaie oaoieei holomua. Lukuʻia e ka ikaika hanalima kumu kūpono 'ana, me ka mea a me ka makakū - makakūʻepekema a me ka' imi naʻauao e hahai ana o kanaka, a lehulehu nā lawelawe kaiāulu e. Ua hala aku He iwakālua nā makahiki o ke aupuni, poino - i ka pōʻino o na kanaka o Rusia, a me ka mua Soviet Union.

A ke aupuni waiwai ma ka hana ana o na hanauna he nui, a me ka naau huli - hopu i ka waiwai o kekahi wahi paiki kaiapili ana o kanaka, a me ke aupuni maka pono hana. Ua lilo i ke kumu o nā mea a pau pōʻaiawaiwai mea hoʻolilo-mau-ka nānā 'ana, ma ka a, aohe mea e hookiekie ae a me ka aina? Acaeoey - ka wale enrichment a me ka enrichment wale. Ka lāhui Ua lilo kona kuʻuna hana ma ka 'epekema, manao a me ka hana' enekinia Aey? Acaeoey i loko o ka hana.

I ke kaʻina i kapaia e hoʻoponoʻia, no ka makahiki he iwakalua i ole e hiki mai a me ka hiki ole e hiki mai kekahi mea nui a hiki i ka ulu ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai efficient. Ma ia Kīwala'ō wale i ka pono o ka nui nona artificially hana, no ka makemake no kona palena waiwai nui. Kēia wehewehe i ka'opi - hohonu stratification a? Anoe? A lehulehu-pilina spheres.

No ke aha la ua i? Ninau ka iini nui Pahuhopu noiʻi. E contradictory ana i loko o ka hui, a ma luna o nā mea a pau - no ka mea, o ka nele o ka hoʻomaopopo i nā kêia kanaka o ka? Acaeoey laulā, i kēia pukana ua lilo loa topical, pilikia - aupuni.

I kēia mau lā o Rusia - i ka aina o ka nui nona a me nā hui i manao e lawe ka lanakila o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hanalimaʻikepili. He ke kulekele o conscientious kue i ke kūpono 'ana o ke aupuni, a me ka iao?ʻanoʻenehana ka holomua a me kona negation like ia hoʻokali kūpono'. He iwakālua nā makahiki ka mea, dictate wale keia kohoʻia kekahi hoʻonui i ka buke o ka hoʻokele waiwai huakūʻai a me ka nana aku e like me ka? Aiaiiuie hana i haawi ai i ka hoʻolimalima iiaacu.

Rusia - i ka aina me ka ole pahuhopu a me nā manaʻo. Ka Soviet Union i ke AIM - socialism, a me ka manao - iao, oaoieei-a me ka nohona kanaka o ka moku'āina - aupuni ulu. (Noke kūlana pâʻani inflated manaʻo o ka communism). Hooponoia Rusia. E hiki anei i kekahi inoa i kekahi mau pahu hopu i hoonoho iho? Eia naʻe, hoʻokahi, wale nō ma laila ka mea, "e waiwai, a e waiwai." No keia mea, e permeated mea a pau, a me nā kānaka a pau, mai luna a lalo - ka hui, hana, Pop moʻomeheu, etc., i kekahi ha awina kanaka, a me ka a pau nohona ola ..

An (essay) i kapaia "ka Rise a me ka Hopu." Ma hope o ka 2nd World War, ka Soviet Union i waena o ka honua ka alakaʻi oʻepekema, aʻanoʻenehana holomua - he mana nui. Kēia i manawa e lawe aku mai ka hope agrarian NTP illiterate Rusia i ka ikaika hanalima mana, i ke pio ana o Hitler fascism, me ka holomua Europa hanalima kumu ... Ka haule ana o Rusia i destined i reformist nā loea kālai'āina kō o ko lākou mau manaÿo i alakai aku ai i ka make ana o ka iao?, 'Oihana a me nā limahana a me ka hanalima spheres.

Ko makou kamailio ana e pili ana i ka nui o ke iao? Iiaie oaoieei holomua ma ka ulu'āina, efficient nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai - a pau a me ka makakū kūlana o iao? A me ka hana 'enekinia, aayoaeuiinoe, kuhikuhi o ka manao. Ke Company Ua Ua hikiʻole ke hoʻomaopopo i kēia kūlana. Luku 'enekinia, ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ka hanalima kaiapili lole. Aia i ka loli o nā hanauna a pau. I ka lehulehu ola hui opiopio kanaka mamao mai ka iao? Iiaie oaoieei hana.

Kēia (essay) ma ka pale 'enekinia, a me kaʻepekema a me ka hana' enekinia, aayoaeuiinoe, a ua pili i ka anaʻe-i o ka kuʻuna nā mahinaʻai o ka lahui haʻawina. Ua noonoo e pili ana i ka iwakālua o kaʻokoʻa i ka poe ma i hoʻohana hou 'ia kekahi kūʻiʻo. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole he repetition o ka palapala a me kekahi mau ike e nana i ka pilikia.

(Essay) alo i ka makakū opiopio. Au makemake e manaoio i ka mea i devoid o prejudices, loaa kona hoomaopopo ana o ka a pau, a me ka pololei kohoʻia.

THE alaʻe iluna, e haule kū i ke au

Kuleana ololi IN ka hooulu ana

Na hala kenekulia - i ka manawa o ka nunui upheaval, loli a me ka luku, e piʻi like a me ka loa i lalo; Kaleidoscope luna a me nā man- akia - i ka ikaika, a me ka koʻikoʻi loa nawaliwali, mailuilu haalele, akā, pīhoihoi, i nā kuleana o ka exclusivity. ideologies manawa, he kaʻawale mai o ka waihona ipu - ka nohona-i? iecaianoaaiiuo, hoala kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka pono o na kanaka a me ka pomaikai, pepehi kekahi ideology a me ka noho pono ana. Manawa hiki ole hana, pepehi ka oiaio a me ka kanaka i ka hoomaopopo ana Miserepotemaima. 'O kēia nā haʻawina awaawa o ka mōʻaukala a me ka hou hewa mea i aoia mea.

Events 90 a mahope makahiki e noi mai ana ka naauao, a me ka mahalo i nā mea a pau. Ua aha 'ia? He mea pono? He aha ka Lūkini capitalism? No ke aha la i hiki mai ai i kēiaʻaoʻao, a i ole ia? ʻaʻole i'ōlelo mai ai kūkulu 'ia, e like me na mea he nui i manaoia. Ma muli o ka mea a ke hoʻololi nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai? He aha e na koa e hoohauhee ana? "O na hanauna nele ka auhau o ka mea hiki. Mākou pale ka pono helu. " (Granin)

I kēia lā ia mea loa paʻakikī e kamaʻilio i kanaka o kekahi pomaikai, moe a me nā hanauna e 'imi ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi kumu o ka naʻauao i loko o ka naauao o ka mōʻaukala, ka nohona a me ka aupuni pono. Kekahi manao, o ka oi aku ka wā e hele mai ai i ka Soviet wā, laila Akä naÿe no ia me kekahi mea'ē aʻe - he nui loa e ku pono ana. Ka manaʻo o na pono - ua nalowale loa, e discriminate. Kekahi, mau, enthusiastically kamailio e pili ana i ka hana 'ia, ka mea' ē aʻe - i ke ku pono loa. Aia nō i kūmole helu, ke Aupuni, aole hoi he nui maliuia mai i kekahi mea.

No ka maopopo 'ana o nā mea a pau e pono ke ike i ka nui o ka iao, aʻanoʻenehana holomua i loko o ka wā ma lalo o ka nāʻanaʻana, hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka lehulehu. A hiki i nā alakaʻi o nā pāʻoihana halawai ke aupuni pono, a ina paha ua kohoʻia. Wale i kēiaʻike hoʻolako pane i nā nīnau.

No ka maopopo i kēia pono ike ana o ka moolelo o ka lahui STP. Wale no ka mea i kēia lā ua AOON, glossed ma like pono ole o ka noonoo a me ka mahele. He Pono ke ana o ka huina - keʻano o ka hanaʻana, hana o ka olelo hooholo-hana akua. He mea hoʻokahi, wale kekahi, ka mea 'ē aʻe e hana ole, a hiki ole ia. Ua mea kuleana paha i loko o ke aupuni hoihoi. Kēia ana - ka ahuoi i ka hala ka loiloi 'ana o ka mea i hiki mai ai, E pili hoʻoholo - na mea a pau. oia e e hewa ole wale.

Nā makahiki, he nui noho pilikia, kuhikuhi i ka hala, hai moʻomeheu hana. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole he noho malie hoi "aoao." Ka mea, Ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka pono o kekahi hapa o ka hui, nele o ka ili. Artists, kākau moʻolelo, a i hoʻomaopopo i nā kumu o ke kaiāulu i ia e hoʻoponopono i ka nohonaʻike manaʻo a me ka mōʻaukala keʻano o ka hanaʻana, intrusive palapala lehulehu ike paka i. He ua hanaia ma ka hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka au, global ulu. He nui idealized, AOON, ua höʻike pü. Ukiuki a me ka categorical aplomb i erroneous māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana. A pau keia confuses ke kaiāulu kanaka, maʻi lōlō i hoʻomaopopo i ka mōʻaukala hewa a me ka pono aupuni.

Moscow imi naʻauao koʻikoʻi a hanohano, mai a hiki i ke kaʻina i kapaia e hoʻoponoʻia, He loa ka nohona ma ko lakou mau manao a me ka naauao. Ua hoÿomaopopo i nä poʻe e uhau ana o Babela. Ua uaʻikeʻia ana ka mea i pau ai ... kahaha ko oukou naau e hauoli ana mau hana a me ka lahui hoohaahaa ana: "aupuni a ka lehulehu, ke ku okoa ana a me ka hoopai", "No lāhui kanaka i loko o ke ao nei oi wahāwahā", "Rusia - He maka mea appendage, pono hope haʻalele i kaʻaoʻao o ka Great mana", " in o ka Russian aupuni a pau "(i ka hoike ana!), etc., etc. ...

One Chekhov ka heroine, pinepine hoʻolohe ana i nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē o ka pilina e pili ana i ka perennial Lūkini pilikia, olelo: "I manaʻo aia no he kākoʻo pāʻoihana, a hou e wehe a pau o kou niele ..." kēia ao manaʻo, pono kekahi aupuni 'ē aku, ka mea i lōʻihi nalowale ka pilina a i mea hiki no ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia a pau. Kēia manaʻo - i ka ulu ana o ke aupuni, a me ka iao?ʻanoʻenehana holomua. Surprisingly, a pau o ko mākou mōʻaukala nakinaki i kēia manaʻo! E hahi mea assertive a me ka paulele aku i hoohainu iho la i hala iho nei mud e pili ana i kekahi mea me ka noʻonoʻo 'ole.

ʻepekema, aʻanoʻenehana holomua, kaiapili ? Iecaianoaaiiuo - i ke kumu o oicyenoaaiiie ikaika a me ka maikaʻiʻana o ka moku'āina, hui, kumu waiwai pono ka ulu a me ka pomaikai. Eia naʻe, i kēia ua lilo i ka hoʻoponopono-akaka oiaio (e like me ka mea huli mai ua) Huh reformers. No no ka Moscow intelligentsia, a koi ana e ia i ke kumu o ka spirituality a me ka pono. Po pono ole a me ka hohonu kila delusion.

Wahi lulu NTP - ka honua-papa vzdot ma na wahi, a ma na mea he nui fronts. Ma ka makahiki 50 o ka Soviet Union i loaa i ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me ka mana nui. Keia ua kuhikuhi manawa i ka professionalism kiʻekiʻe - hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o kānakaʻepekema a me nā kānakaʻenehana. Mākou i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka pahu hopu, a kau aku i ka kanaka hiki o ka hoʻoponopono iā lākou, a hana i ka lahui 'oihana hui a me ka hemoleleʻano hana. New loa hana pilikia i Wehewehe i nā hāʻina i ke aloha i ka Initiative, a kiʻekiʻe-hopena kanaka, i ko lakou manao, talena, ingenuity ke hele mai i ka fanaticism. Ma kekahi mau manawa ka mea i hoʻomaopopo poʻokela e piʻi like.

He aha e na kêia kanaka o ka industrialization pomaikai? No ke aha la he mākou hiki e eo ai i loko o ke Kaua Honua II? Hiki ai hoʻokō e loaʻa ai honua-papa? No ke aha la e ua ola mākou i ke kaua anuanu? ... No ke aha la mea,ʻaʻole ma laila kekahi pōʻaiawaiwai efficient? No ke aha la e imbued na keʻano o ka hanaʻana a pau me kaʻinoʻino? Ee? Mau a me ka nui nā nīnau ma ka kekahi pane: ka mea, i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o iao? Aʻanoʻenehana holomua, a - ka mea, e mai i keia kumu. He Heʻano nui ololi i loko o ka ulu ana o ka hoʻokō nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai o ke aupuni.

No pono e kapa ai i na luna o na examples. Mākou iho ka hoao ana, ike e lahui hana. Ma ka makahiki 50 o keia hana i ka impetus i loko o ka hoʻomaikaʻi US 'epekema a me ka enehana ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ke kahua o ka' oihana limahana ma Japan. Pākē poe akamai i ke Kumu e ka mika a me ka 'epekema muli o Soviet? Acaeoey (ka mea, i ho'īli a me ka mea i manao ai nā moʻolelo, o ka oi aku no ka mokulele e kukulu, rocket). Iao? Iiaie oaoieei moʻokalaleo paʻi ma Chinese.

He iwakālua nā makahiki ma Rusia i keia mōʻaukala hoike, ka noonoo e luku ua like nö ia me ia, reformers pahu i loko o oblivion. He ka rejection o ia i kohoʻia i wawahi ae hana ma ka hope aupuni mentality.

He aha ka ke kuleana ololi i loko o ka hana? Keia manao a me ka mea i manao ai e ulu ai a me ka hanalima? Acaeoey. Ma na aoao keia hoʻomaka me ka hanaia'na o ke akamai. Kūkulu i ka hooulu ana noiʻi,? Iecaianoaaiiie? Acaeoey, i manao a me ka ulu o ka 'ike loea hou. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ka mea, e loli ai, a hui pu poʻe, manufacturing a me nā lālā ... a pau i kēia i hana mai i ka nui o ke aupuni, ke kahua o ka hana ana o kanaka, no ka mea he nui ka mea, lilo kekahi hapa o ko lakou ola ana a me ka 'oihana hana.

NTP wahi lulu AND 'enekinia,

Ka iwakalua kenekulia, hiki shagnuvshy imua maʻanoʻenehana holomua, ka mōʻaukala. Manaʻo kanaka mea ma luna o ka verge o ke hoʻololi i ka mea qualitatively hou, grandiose. Akā, ma kahi o kanakolu makahiki o iao? Iiaie oaoieei holomua nedoumiyu a kaupalena ' mau alakai a me nā kānaka hele ole, a mawaho Rusia ... mākou i ka mana nui, he pipiʻi kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana papahana. Ma na aoao alakaʻi i ke ala, i a me ka mālama i loko o parity ka oihana koa poepoe, i loko o ka confrontation me ka mana a me ka ikaika hanalima'āina, mua o nā mea a pau - ka United States. E hehi mai, a hoala lākouʻanoʻenehana 'ilikai (albeit me ka lag). Ma nāʻaoʻao e pili ana, a lilo i ka 'epekema nā loina o? Acaeoey i loko o nā mea a pau hanalima wahi. A ka mea, Aloha, heʻe piʻoloke ihola.

Nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao brightest a me ka hapanui Hawaiʻi nui o ka aina a me ka iao?ʻanoʻenehana holomua - ua hana a hoʻomohala i loko o ka prewar manawa, a me ka hana a me ke ala i ka 'ike loea hou honua-papa e lawe mai i ka A ia la aku i loko o ka Great Patriotic War; i loko o ka postwar wā -. i hanaia a me ka ulu ana o nukelea ikehu, Kao lele lako kaua me ka wa polokalamu, laina hou o ka aerospace, shipbuilding, he helu ana i na lala o ka paʻi 'enekinia, uilaʻoe, metallurgy, kemika, etc. a pau keia ua hanaia i loko o-hale i piha hoʻokaʻawale (ʻaʻole mākou hewa) o ko ke ao nei hoʻokele waiwai .

Kamailio e pili ana i hala iho nei hewa a me ka wā koke nō, kauoha aku la i nenoaiu mea i i ole i mākou, a i ole e holopono ana (i e like me ke West), kekahi e mai poina i ka mea, ua i ka hakakā (apuepue e no laila, i kapaʻia ma ka lākiō o ke koa) me ka hoʻokele waiwai global, i mea ua hoohui i ka honua i ka waiwai - maka mea, hanalima, iao? a me ka 'imi naʻauao. He kumu waiwai o kēia noho maikai ana. Ka mea, eia he umi iā kākou oi. No keia a oi irreconcilablyʻenemi e pili ana i ka Soviet Union me kaʻoʻoleʻa aneiai hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka Komohana. Ae, ka mea, ua mākou hewa - totalitarian, hoʻomalu-kauoha, dominance o managerial careerism a me ka dilettantism, irrepressible chattering "ostepenennyh" a honi mana akamai na kanaka, ka poe i laila, e like me ikaika decry na mea a pau e haule ana ma ke kaʻawale, a lawe aku ... ka hōʻike ka Pahuhopu aku o ka lanakila, kēia mau mea i 'ōlelo e pili' ole, akā, i ka maoli e piʻi like ho ke kū hoʻokahi, i improbable. Aia mea i kanalua i ka aina mōʻaukala me ka māhuahua hoihoi Pahuhopu e,ʻo noiʻi like me ka nalo noho maikai ana, kahaha ko oukou naau ia kūkaʻi 'a me ka pilina e piʻi like, a me konaʻokoʻa.

Ke kaʻana like 'ana o nā Lūkini nā kānakaʻenehana a pau loa, hina iho la me he ao alohilohi i, a pili kēia hana keaka, he lono kaumaha hopena. I ka paʻa o ka moolelo la i ka malamaia triumphal e piʻi like o ka honua-papa - e pili ana enehana maikaʻi a me ka unmatched Eia kekahi laʻana: A ia la aku me na mea kaua i loko o ke Kaua Honua II, a me ka hope mokulele a me Kao lele lako kaua me ka makahiki enehana, a me ka oi. ko pale spheres ka mokupuni o ka 'enekinia,ʻike hoʻokumu, a ma laila ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi kahua a puni. A hiki aku oe heluhelu e pili ana i na uea 'kupaianaha o ka mokulele, PO Maloo, AI Mikoyan, helicopters, ML Mile N. Kamov, he manao o ka haʻaheo a me ka mahalo. Wale kekahi kanaka iā Kalani i loko o ke akamai, e, i ka nui kākoʻo 'ana o ka mea i hanaia. Pale hana Ua pio ka polokalamu ma lalo o ka pākū o ka mahuka a me ka stealth. SP Korolev noho kekahi kūikawā i nā hana ma ka lehulehu. Kona rocket, liuliu, he hapa o ka kulekele - ka ideology o prestige. Ka mea, he mea hiki ole i ka hūnā. Ma ka mea'ē, i loko o kēia mau paʻi puke, i hōʻike mai iā ia poʻokela e piʻi like me ke kahua lanakila. Paradoxically, ka mea i loaa ma ka naʻe o ka contradictory nenoai, kuhikuhi aie i ka titanic hooikaika ana o nā kānakaʻepekema, nā kānakaʻenehana, a o SP Korolev.

A me kekahi, ma ka ma paʻi 'enekinia, na hana - hanalima orgy freaks, metal- a me ka unreliable. No ke aha la enehana mākou ua ole hemolele? Ia mea,ʻaʻole no ka mea, ua i naʻaupō kēia nā kānakaʻenehana. Oi aku i nae nui Initiative i ka luna o ka oihana, a ideologues - idlers a me nā mea kamaʻilio, "theorists" o ka holomua. Ka mea, haawi ala i ka rampant amateurism a me ka naʻaupō, formalism, hookakuli i ka naauao o ke kūlana o nā kānakaʻenehana me na kanaka haku o ka 'ike loea hou a me ka iao? Iiaie oaoieei holomua, ua panai i kēia kūlana ke kuleana, (kauoha - hana), akā, ma ka mea discriminated lunaʻenehana.

I keia la, i ke kaʻina o nā absurdities wale deepens. Lōlō a me ka luku aku i ka hana,? Iecaianoaaiiie, iao? Iiaie oaoieei hana, i ke ola o ka lehulehu. ʻepekema, aʻanoʻenehana holomua, hou Aey? Acaeoey - he kumu o ka pomaikai ma na mea a pau. Ua manao ia e ka ahuwaleʻoiaʻiʻo, akā,ʻaʻole i ike. A ka mea, Aloha, heʻe piʻoloke ihola. Events i loko o nā makahiki ka hōʻike i me ka pili ana i ka naʻauao o ka 'ike loea hou a me kona nā kānakaʻenehana okumu i mea hiki ma na sixties a me nineties, a me ka mea hana, aole mea okoa ... kekahi hapa o ko mākou ke kaiāulu kanaka, i ua' Imi hana i loko o nā nā hale hana. Miliona o ka lahui palapala hōʻoia no ka noiʻi a me nā kānakaʻenehana i loko o ka loa kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana, iaono? I lawe mai i ka aina, e kū ai i ka global level. Ka mea, ua makaukau, e haawi i ko lakou ike a me ka hoao ana i loko o ka reorganization. I ka manawa e lilo na mea a pau. No kekahi manao e like me ka hoʻokūkū. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua seriously mai, e noi ana lapaʻau, a me kona pono pepehiia.

No kekahi kumu i kēia mea no laila, koe ka nui huna, ma kela aoao o ka naauao o ka journalism, he fixated ma repression, manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē e pili ana i ka mea ole-existent aupuni a ka lehulehu, noho kauwa ole ana, ka hoopai, maluna iho o ka idealizations, kaʻawale mai ka ike maopopo ... The mau luna, he mamao loa