Mea kākau Leonid Maksimovich Leonov: Kawaihae, nā hiʻona makakū a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

I mākou moʻomeheu ia i ho'ākāka 'ia i kona wahi i koke - Lūkini Classic mea kākau, discoverer i loko o ka moʻokalaleo o ka lawelawe a me ka philosophical ao ao. ʻO wai ka ia? Leonid Maksimovich Leonov. Konaʻike hoʻokumu mea multifaceted a me ka mnogoproblemno. He palapala iho e pili ana i ka 'ole o Socialist hui,ʻia maila kona mau manao ma keia, ia i hoala ae i ka pilikia o na kanaka, "lalo", hoopa iho la i ka fantastic hana, e like me "ke kūpaleʻana kanaka".

Pōkole Kawaihae Leonida Maksimovicha Leonova. ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka wā kamaliʻi

Born Leonid Maximovich Leonov hiki mai i ka hopena o ka XIX kenekulia - May 19, 1899. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo ola ana i ka lōʻihi o ke ola, i make aiʻo ia i loko o August 8, 1994 ma ka makahiki o ka 95 makahiki. Leonov Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma Novodevichy pā ilina.

Noho 'ana kamaliʻi Leonid paa ma Moscow. Kona makua kāne - Maxim Leonov (pōʻino) ua he haku mele a me ka pakiko-ao mai, he lâlâ 'o ka "Surikov" wahine-palapala, ai' hoa kanaka. Ua iho i kekahi kanaka maoli o ka Kaluga aina, kauhale Polukhino.

Maxim Leonovich hana i kona iho hoʻopuka puke hale ma Moscow. Ua hele pono mea, hoohua iho la ia i kona iho Shop, a ua nui loa nui loa ia. I imperial manawa Maxim Goremyka 17 mau manawa ana no ka hohola haʻalele moʻokalaleo, a ua ho'ōla a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia Arkhangelsk, kahi āna i noho ai. He make i ka 1929. Kona ohana, oia haʻalele Moscow, a lawe mai Leonid Maksimovic me ka makua. Kona papa kuhikuhiE mentor ua koʻu kupuna kāne Leon Leonovich Leonov. Ua i aku la ia i ka haʻaheo i ka aloha o ke keiki a hiki i ka uhane, a kahiko moʻokalaleo. I ka umi makahiki, ua puka 'o ia Leonid Petrovsky-Myasnitskaya kulanakauhale kula. He lākou i heluʻia, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ke kolu o ka Moscow gymnasium.

Arkhangelsk

Oiai ma ke kula, Leonov hele akula ma luna o hoomaha i kona makua kāne i loko o Arkhangelsk, kahi āna i ua luna hoʻoponopono o ka Nupepa "Northern kakahiaka." Ma 1915, hele mai i ka puke o ka mua Verses Leonov Leonid Maksimovic. Kekahi makua kāne iā ia, e hoolaha likeʻole (essay), oe a me ka hana keaka nāʻana. Ka mea, ua ikaika i ole i ia e hilahila i kekahi laʻana o ka peni o kana keiki i kona makua kāne i. Pela i hele mai i ka mua kākau moʻolelo o ka hoao ana. Kona mua poem ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kapaʻia "ka palapala hāpana leo, tuning ka lyre," ka mea, ua pili kēia imitative.

I loko nō o kona mau haʻawina ma ka gymnasium Leonid Maksimovich Leonov kākau ihola ka moʻolelo "Valin pēpē kIʻi", e like me ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaao "King a me Athos." Leonov puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma 1918 me ka mekala kâlâ keʻokeʻo a koke aku la i ka luna'ānela i kona makua kāne. Aia O kekahi opiopio mea kākau e hana ana i loko o ka paʻi puke o "ka North lā", "Northern kakahiaka." Aia ua i hoʻopaʻaʻia ka mua 'ike a me ka "haku mele o ke kūkulu'ākau" - Shergin mea kākau, artist Pisahova. Ka mea, kōkua wehe i ke ao ana o ke kanaka opiopio Lūkini kauoha, ke ikona Russ moʻolelo, untouched puupaa ano.

I ka hana i loko o ka Red Army

I Leonid aʻo no ka pōkole manawa i ke Kulanui o Moscow, kona mau manao a pau wawahi i ke Kanawai War. Kawaihae no ka nui kākau moʻolelo Leonid Leonov kekahi mauʻikepili ana i ke kanaka uʻi i ka 1920, makemake hui i ka Red Army a mālama ihola ma luna o ka Hawaiian Front. Aʻo i wahi i ka mea kaua ma Kula, komo i loko o nā kaua, ua he correspondent ma ke alo, ka mea hana i loko o nā luna hoʻolale paʻi puke. He lilo kakauolelo i ka "Red Koa Kaulana" Edition. Koa Alia Leonov - Maxim Laptev, Lapot. He demobilized i ka 1921, a ua hoomaka ae la ke kākau 'ana nui.

lilo i ka mea kākau moʻolelo

Back ma Moscow, Leonid Maksimovich Leonov oihana 'o ia hana i ka mea kākau o ka hihia. Kana mau hana mua hoonani aku la Maxim Gorky, ka poe i 'aloʻahia ka tālena o ka opiopio kākau moʻolelo, a wānana i ka wā e hiki mai nui no ia. Kekahi i kekahi ma ka hana Leonova kekahi hui me Dostoevsky kaila ma Gorky kamaʻilio i Leonov i loko o ka hana mai,ʻaʻole i ka poʻe "hea ana o ka mea i pepehiia," malama Fyodor Mikhailovich.

Leonid Maksimovich Leonov, nona poem i ua paʻi i kona wa opiopio, i seriously pū ma ka Ana Aina. Kona moʻolelo "Buryga" i paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 1922, i ka ohi ana i pōkole nā moʻolelo paʻi i ka 1923, i ukali ia e ka puke "Ka Hopena o ke kanaka liilii," a me ka "Petushihinsky fracture."

Ka puke "ʻili", "aihue"

Aie i ka puke "ʻili" (1924), ka mea kākau moʻolelo Leonid Leonov Maksimovic Ua kokua mahalo i ka uʻi kākau moʻolelo. Ke hana i hoolaa ai i ke kipi ana o na kauwa, nana i kū'ē i ka Soviet ke aupuni i loko o ka kakahiaka nui 20-ies o ka hope kenekulia. Nā kêia kanaka o ka kua'āina kipi mea kākau i ike ole wale i loko o ka repressive ano o ka noho alii ana o ka mana, excessive loaʻa pākeu-haawina'ōnaehana, akā, i loko o ka mōʻaukala me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha o nā kauwa i hoʻokiwikā nā kupa. Paonioni ana, ma ka honua a i nalu p, i iho mailoko o ka inaina o na nā paʻi hua o kanaka.

Images o kanaka, au i hana i kaʻoia iʻo, ua ho'ākāka 'ia i waho e neʻe i ka manaʻoʻike a me ka philosophical manaʻo nui i nā huapalapala. Ma ka puke, o ka mea kākau ma kona manao no ka hana kanaka, ka mea i uhi helplessness ma mua o ka loli nui i loko o ko lāua olaʻana.

I kana hana "Ka aihue," (1927) Leonid Maksimovich Leonov hōʻike mua me ka connoisseur kanaka haʻawina o. Mua i ka mea, i ole i kākauʻia i loko o nā hana o kēia mau ola me ka make, i ka "aihue" wehewehe i ka mea heluhelu e pili ana i ka lono kaumaha hopena o Mitya Vekshina. Mua Komisina, ua pahee i kekahi felon, 'aneʻi embodies i ka pōʻino o ke aupuni holoʻokoʻa, i ka hana keaka o ka uhane a me ka naau. I ko makou manawa, ua hiki loiloi i ka huina hoonui mea maoli, Ano, ke ike pehea mea pepehi mana, a hele i ka "lumpen proletariat" a haule iho la ia, mai kona luna. "Aihue" Ua hōʻike i ia manawa a pau na ins, a mai loko mai o ka unflattering arbiters o ka manawa.

Na hana o na 30s

Ka puke "Sot" (1930) i ka mua huina hoonui o ka Soviet, kahi hoonani aku la i ka hana heroism o ka Soviet kanaka, i mahalo ia i ke kūkuluʻia o socialism a me ka hou 'ana o ke kuli i loko o nā wahi e pili ana o ka hanalima-oaio? A. Novels "Skutarevsky" a me ka "Road i ka Ocean" ua hōʻike ma ka noʻeau study paakiki ka kūkuluʻana i ka manaʻo nui o ke ao nei o ka wa kahiko intelligentsia, ka mea i hoʻoholo i ka lawe 'ana i loko o ka wa e noho ana o ka pōʻino. Eia ka mea, ua depictedʻoi papa paio i kekahi mea i loko o kēia kaianoho koholā. "Road i ka Ocean" hōʻike ana i ka hopena o ka Communist - hoʻokuhikuhi, i ka poe akeakamai, ke alakaʻi nona mai ke a pau o ia iho no ka pono o ke kūkuluʻana communism.

hana keaka

Ma ka hopena o 30 ka, a i kakahiaka nui 40-ies Leonov hana hou e like me ka playwright. Kona hana keaka i ka nui koi. "Skutarevsky" (1934), "Ka Wolf", "Polovchanskie Gardens" (1938), "ano o People" (1941).

A mau olelo aʻu e makemake, e olelo aku e pili ana i ka hula "Blizzard". Ua ninoaaeyao he kūikawā wahi i loko o ka hana Leonova a me ka pā o ka hoihoi 'mea, mai ke ola o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Ma keia hana a ka mea kākau i recreated ka lewa o ka makau a me ka mistrust mea i hopuia i ke aupuni i loko o ka 30s. Weliweli blizzard snowstorm i hōkaiʻia nā mea a pau i loko o kona ala e ola ana, i ka 'auhau i ka hana. Ke mau 'ano o ka meʻe o ia manawa i ua loli ma'ō aku iaia, immigrant poe he maikaʻi meʻe, a me kona kaikaina, i ka Soviet luna hoʻokele - io.

Ma mua, i ka hula i loko o ka moku'āina hale kiaka. Akā, laila, ka mea i banned a hoopiiia "like malicious klevetnichestvo Soviet aku o ka lanakila." Leonov ikaika nema aku i loko o ka Politburo, ka mea kākau makau ana ia makemake e hopu. Rehabilitated ka huina hoonui wale i ka 1962.

War. Ka postwar makahiki

Iloko o ke kaua, i evacuated Leonid Maximovich me kekahi poʻe kākau moʻolelo ma Chistopol. Pinepine ae la oia i correspondent huakaʻi hele i ke alo. He hana i loko o ka "News" a me ka "oiaio." Kana mau hana "kaua" a laila, "Lenushka" (1942-1943 GG.), Lewa i ka mama ana o na kanaka ma ka paio ku e fascism, ke kaumaha o ke poho a me ka make, ke koa a me ka heroism. "Kaua" Ua hookoia ka Stalin uku. Mea mea: a pau i ke kala, a me ka mea, ua 100 tausani rubles, Leonov haawiia ma i ke dala Pale Kaua. No ka mea, i loaa i ka palapala mai o Stalin.

Leonid Maksimovich Leonov, ua hōʻike mai iā ia i ka pōkole Kawaihae i loko o keia pepa, ua he hanohano kanaka o kona manawa. Aia ua hōʻike wale hapa o kana hana. Ma hope o ke kaua, ae hoomau ana i ka palapala, e hoala mai i ka helu o ka lā. Not makau i ka olelo o ka repression, na kulaks, enemi o na kanaka, i loko o kēlā kanakaʻo ia i ho'āʻo ana e imi i ka wahine paha,, imi e hiki i ka oiaio. 'Aʻole mau o kana mau hana i paʻiʻia, kekahi i hiki banned i loko o ka Soviet Union. Akā, somehow ola me ka make mea kākau ia i hoopaiia no kona wiwo oleʻike hoʻokumu, a hiki ia mea ke kumukuai 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea pinepine ae la oia i hookoia kela hui hoʻolilo' ia ', ua he kaulana a me ka maikaʻi-ike kanaka i loko o ka pōʻai o ka pilina.

Kona nui hana "Pyramid" i paʻi kākau moʻolelo paʻa hapa koke ma mua o kona makeʻana,ʻo ia i hana ma keia apana no 45 makahiki. It Leonov summed i ka holoʻokoʻaʻoia iʻo moʻokalaleo o ka hope ke kenekulia, me ka hui pono a me ka fiction, juxtaposed me ka mea hiki ole keia i hiki, a summed i nā mea a pau i konaʻike hoʻokumu.