Mikhail Zoshchenko: ke ola, ka ho'ohālike. Nā mo'olelo no nā keiki

Ua hānau'ia'o Zoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich, ka mea kākau kaulana kaulana a Lūkia i ka makahiki 1894, i ka lā 29 o Iulai (e like me kekahi mau mo'olelo, i ka makahiki 1895), ma St. Petersburg. 'O kona makuakāne he mea pena,'o Wanderer, a he makuahine kona makuahine. 'O ka mea mua, e ha'i aku mākou i ke ola o kahi mea kākau e like me Mikhail Zoshchenko. 'O ka biography, i hō'ike'ia ma lalo, e wehewehe i nā hanana nui o ke ala o kona ola. Ma hope o ka hō'ike'ana iā lākou, e hele ana mākou e wehewehe i ka hana a Mikhail Mikhailovich.

Ke a'o'ana ma ka lumi'onila a ma ke ke'ena'o St. Petersburg

'O nā mākua i ka makahiki 1903 hā'awi lākou i kā lāua keiki e a'o ma St. Petersburg Gymnasium No. 8. Mikhail Zoshchenko, nona ka mo'olelo e hiki ke hana hou'ia, a ma muli o kona ho'omana'o pono a me kāna mau hana, e pili ana i kēia mau makahiki, ua'ike'o ia ua a'o'o ia ma ka hewa, Nā'ano o ka'ōlelo Russian. No ka palapala ma ka ho'onalohua ua loa'a iā ia kahi pūnaewele. Akā na'e, ua'ike'o Mikhail Mikhailovich i kēlā manawa ua makemake'o ia e lilo i mea kākau. No kēia manawa,'o Mikhail Zoshchenko wale nō i hana i nā mo'olelo a me nā mele.

'O ke ola ke'ano palekana. Ho'omaka e kākau i'eiwa mau makahiki, ka mea kākau kaulana kaulana loa -'o ia ka'oi loa o ka papa o ka haumāna i ka'ōlelo Lūkini! 'A'ole'o ia i'oli'oli loa he mea kupanaha iā ia. Ua'ike'o Zoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich i kēlā manawa ua makemake nō'o ia e pepehi i ke ola. Eia na'e,'o kona hopena i mālama'ia.

Ma hope o ka puka 'ana i ka makahiki 1913, ho'omau ka mea kākau i ka wā e hiki mai ana i kona kula ma ka St. Petersburg Institute, ma ke Kula o ke kānāwai. I ho'okahi makahiki ma hope mai, no ka uku'ole o ke a'o'ana, ua kipaku'ia'o ia mai ia wahi mai. Ua hele'o Zoshchenko e hana. Ua ho'omaka'o ia e hana ma ke ka'aahi'o Caucasian ma ke'ano he mea nānā.

'O ka manawa koa

Ua ho'opilikia'ia ke ola noho'ana e ka Pakipika Mua Mua. Ua ho'oholo'o Mikaeli e komo i ka pū'ali koa. I ka manawa ma mua ua lilo'o ia i mea kūlana ki'eki'e a me ke kūle'a a hele aku i ke kula'o nā koa Pavlov, a laila, ma hope o ka ho'opau'ia'ana o nā papa e ho'onui'ia i'ehā mau mahina, hele i mua.

Ua'ike'o Zoshchenko'a'ole kona'ano aloha aloha,'a'ole hiki iā ia ke noho ma kahi ho'okahi no ka manawa lō'ihi. I loko o ka'oihana, ua ho'ohanohano'ia'o Mikhail Mikhailovich. Ua komo'o ia i loko o nā kaua he nui, ua make i nā kinoea, ua'eha. Ke ho'omaka nei e komo i nā ho'oili kaua ma ke kūlana o ke hae, ua alaka'i mua'ia'o Zoshchenko i ka mālama'āina ('o ia ke kumu o nā hopena o ka hopena a me nā kinoea). Eia hou, ua hā'awi'ia'o ia i'ehā mau kauoha no ka'oihana koa.

E ho'i i Petrograd

'O Mikhail Mikhailovich, ua ho'i'o ia i Petrograd, hālāwai'o ia me V. V. Kerbits-Kerbitskaya, kāna wahine i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma hope o ka Hui Pepeluali, ua koho'ia'o Zoshchenko i po'o o ke ke'ena telepili a me ka post office, a me ka luna o ke ke'ena nui. A laila, he huaka'i holo ka'awale i Arkendelsk, hana ma ke'ano he mea ho'okūkū o ka hui, a'o Mikhail Mikhailovich ke koho balota o ka hale ho'okolokolo.

Ke lawelawe i ka Pua Ula

Eia na'e, ua kāpae hou'ia ke ola maluhia - i kēia wā ma ke'ano o ka ho'okahuli a me ke Kaua Kivila. Hele'o Mikhail Mikhailovich i mua. Ma ke'ano he manawale'a, komo'o ia i ka Red Army (i Ianuali 1919). He mea lawelawe'o ia ma ke'ano ho'omalu o ka'ilihune o ka'āina. Noho'o Zoshchenko i nā kaua ma Yamburg a me Narva e kū'ē iā Bulak-Balakhovich. Ma hope o ka hō'eha o ka pu'uwai,'o Mikhail Mikhailovich e hemo a ho'i aku i Petrograd.

'O Zoshchenko i ka manawa mai 1918 a 1921 i ho'ololi i nā papa he nui. Ma hope, ua kākau'o ia e ho'ā'o iā ia iho ma kahi o 10-12 mau'oihana. Ua hana'o ia ma ke'ano he māka'i, he kamanā, he kāma'a, a he luna ho'okolokolo ho'okolokolo.

'O ke ola i nā makahiki maluhia

'O ka mea kākau ma Ianuali 1920 i'ike i ka make'ana o kona makuahine. I kēlā makahiki,'o kāna male'ana iā Kerbits-Kerbitskaya. 'O ia me ia, ua ne'e'o ia i ke alanui. B. Zelenin. I ke keiki a Zoshchenko, i Mei 1922, hānau'ia ke keiki'o Valery. 'O Mikhail Mikhailovich i ka makahiki 1930, a me ka pū'ulu o nā mea kākau i ho'ouna'ia i ka moku'o Baltic.

'O nā makahiki o ke Kaua Nui Patriotic

Ua kākau'o Mikhail Zoshchenko i ka ho'omaka'ana o ke kaua i kahi'ōlelo āna i noi ai e komo i loko o ka Pū Ula'ula. Eia na'e, loa'a iā ia kahi hō'ole - ua'ike'ia'o ia he kūpono'ole no ka'oihana kaua. Pono'o Zoshchenko e alaka'i i nā hana kū'ē kū'ē i ka pā kaua. Ho'okumu'o ia i nā pepa pale kaua a paipai i nā mea i loko o nā nūpepa, a ho'ouna iā lākou i ka Radio Radio. I ka makahiki 1941, i'Okakopa, ua ho'oku'u'ia'o ia iā Alma-Ata, a'o kekahi mahina ma hope mai ua lilo'o ia i mea hana'o Mosfilm, e hana ana ma kahi'oihana o ke ke'ena.

Ho'opilikia

Ua kono'ia'o Zoshchenko i ka makahiki 1943 i Moscow. Ma'ane'i, hā'awi'ia'o ia e lawe i ka pou ho'oponopono o "Crocodile". Eia na'e, hō'ole'o Mikhail Mikhailovich i kēia hā'awi. Akā, he lālā'o ia o ka papa ho'oponopono o Crocodile. Ma waho ke nānā aku nā mea a pau. Eia na'e, ma hope o ka manawa, ma luna o ke po'o o Mikhail Mikhailovich, ke ho'omaka nei ka ulu nui o nā ao: lawe lākou iā ia mai loko mai o ka papa ho'oponopono, kipaku'ia mai ka hōkele, a nele i ka'ai. Ho'omau'ia ka ho'omāinoino. Tikhonov N. S. ma ka SSP plenum i pepehi Zoshchenko moʻolelo "Mamua o Sunrise." 'A'ole i pai'ia ka pai'ia o ka mea kākau, akā ho'omaka'ia i ka makahiki 1946 i ka papa ho'oponopono o nā "Stars".

'Apelila 14, 1946 -'o ka apotheosis o kāna mau'ōlelo a pau. 'O ia ka manawa i hā'awi'ia ai e ke Kōmike Kū'oko'a o ka CPSU (b) ka'ōlelo ho'oholo ma nā puke pai'o Leningrad a me Zvezda. Ma hope iho o kēlā, ua kipaku'ia'o Zoshchenko mai ka Union Writers 'Union, a ua hō'ole'o ia i kahi kāleka'ai. 'O kēia manawa ke kumu nui o ka hō'eha -'o Zoshchenko ka mo'olelo o nā keiki i kapa'ia "Adventures of the monkey." Mālama nā nūpepa, nā mea pa'i a me nā mea pā'ani i ka ho'onā a ho'okahuli i nā palapala like i ho'opau mua'ia e lākou, e koi ana e ho'iho'i i nā kūlana i hā'awi'ia. Ua nele ka'ohana Zoshchenko i ka'ilihune. Ua koi'ia'o ia e noho ma ke kālā i loa'a mai ke kū'ai'ana i nā mea pilikino. Ho'okumu ka mea kākau i ka loa'a'ana i nā mea hana lole lole. Ration kāleka ka mea, e ho'ōla hoi. Eia hou,'o Mikhail Zoshchenko e ho'opuka ana i nā mo'olelo a me nā leafletons ('o ka maika'i,'a'ole nā mea a pau). Eia na'e,'o ka'oihana unuhi ka mea e pono ai no ka loa'a'ana o kahi ola i kēia manawa.

Mikhail Zoshchenko hooponopono iho i ke ola wale nō i loko o ka mea kākau 'Union ma hope o Stalin ka make. Aia kekahi hanana nui i ka lā 23 o Iune, 1953 - ua komo hou ka mea kākau i ka Union. Akā,'a'ole kēia ka hopena. 'O Mikhail Mikhailovich i lō'ihi loa kēia manawa e lilo i lālā no ia.

Mei 5, 1954 he ma'i pō'ino. 'O Anna Akhmatova a ua kāhea'ia'o ia i kēlā lā i ka hale o ka mea kākau, kahi e hui ai me kahi hui Pelekane. Ua hō'ike ka mea kākau ma ia mea i ka kū'ē'ole i nā kumu i ho'omaka'ia ma kāna pane. 'O kahi wā hou o ka ho'omaka'ana e ho'omaka ma hope o kēia. 'O kēia mau ho'ololi a pau i ho'opilikia i kona olakino. Ua ho'opuka'ia ma ka lā 7 o Kepakemapa, 1953 i ka hua'ōlelo "'Oia'i'o e hō'ike i ka'oia'i'o"'o ka'ōpala hope loa ia. Ma hope iho, ua pau ka inoa o ka mea kākau. No'elua mahina, ua ho'omau'ia kēia ha'ina. Eia na'e,'oiai,'o Mikhail Mikhaylovich i kēia manawa'o Novemaba i hā'awi aku i ka hana'ana i nā mīkini'elua -'o "Leningrad Almanac" a me ke "Cododile." Ke kū nei ka hui holo'oko'a i mea pale aku iā ia: Chukovsky, Kaverin, Vses. Ivanov, N. Tikhonov. I ka makahiki 1957, i ka lā'o Kekemapa, ua ho'oku'u'o ia i "Nā mo'olelo i koho'ia a me nā mo'olelo hou 1923-1956." Eia na'e, ke kaumaha nei ka mana'o o ka mea kākau a me ke kino. Ke hā'ule nei i ka ikaika o kona ikaika ma ka pūnāwai o 1958. Ua loli'o Zoshchenko i ka makemake i ke ola.

'O ka make o Zoshchenko

Iulai 22, 1958, make ihola'o Mikhail Zoshchenko. Ua hō'ino'ia kona kino ma hope o ka make:'a'ole i'ae'ia e kanu iā ia ma Leningrad. Noho ka lehu o ka mea kākau ma Sestroretsk.

'O Mikhail Zoshchenko, ka mea nona ka mo'olelo ola i ho'olako'ia i ka mahele mua o kā mākou puke, ua waiho i kahi ho'oilina mana nui. 'A'ole i ma'alahi kona ala ma ke'ano he mea kākau. Paipai mākou i ka'ike'ana i ke'ano o kona hanana'ana. Eia hou, e'ike'oe i nā mo'olelo i haku'ia e Mikhail Zoshchenko no nā keiki a me nā'ano o lākou.

Ke'ano hana

Ua ho'omaka'o Zoshchenko e kākau ma hope o kona ho'oki'eki'e'ana i ka makahiki 1919. 'O kāna mau ho'okohu mua'ana he mau'ōlelo i kākau'ia. Ma ka makahiki 1921, ua'ike'ia ma ka "Petersburg Almanac".

'O nā kaikunāne Serapion

Ka hui i kapaia "Serapion Brothers" Zoshchenko alakai aku i ka 1921 o ka makemake e lilo i ka 'oihana kākau moʻolelo. Ua hopohopo kēia pū'ulu e pili ana i nā mea ho'opi'i, akā'ike lākou i waena o lākou'o Zoshchenko ke'ano "'oi loa aku." Hele pū akula'o Mikhail Mikhailovich me Slonimsky i ka hui waena,'o ia ka mea i kūpa'a i ka mana'o o ka'ōlelo Rūmana Lermontov, Gogol, a me Pushkin. Ua hopohopo'o Zoshchenko i nā puke e pili ana i ka "hoihoi hou",'o ia ho'i'o A. Blok "he naita o ke'ano o nā ki'i". I ka "Alkonost" i Mei 1922, ua'ike'ia ka mua o nā manamana o nā serapions, kahi i pa'i'ia ai ka mo'olelo o Mikhail Mikhailovich. 'O "Nā mo'olelo o Nazar Ilyich, Mr. Sinebryukhov" - he puke i lilo i kāna puke kūkala mua.

Nā'ano o ka hanana ho'omaka

Ua'ike maka'ia ke kula o Anton Chekhov ma nā hana mua o Zoshchenko. 'O kēia kekahi mau mo'olelo e like me "The Fish Female," "War," "Aloha," a pēlā aku. Ua hō'ole koke'o ia. Ua'ike'o Zoshchenko i ka'ano nui o nā mo'olelo o Chekhov'a'ole kūpono i nā pono o ka mea heluhelu hou. Ua makemake'o ia e hana hou i ka'ōlelo "ka hō'ailona o ke alanui ... o nā kānaka." Ua mana'o'o Zoshchenko he kanaka ia i ho'opau i ka mea kākau i ka mō'ī.

'O kekahi hui nui o nā mea kākau i ka makahiki 1927 i ho'okumu i kahi hō'ike ku'ikahi. I loko o ia mea, ua ho'onā'ia kahi kūlana kākau a me ke'ano pilikino. 'O Mr. Zoshchenko kekahi o ka po'e i kākau inoa. Ua pa'i'ia'o ia ma ia manawa i loko o nā puke ('o Smehach, Behemoth, Chudak, Buzoter, Muhomor, Luna Nui Nui, etc.). Akā,'a'ole i ma'alahi nā mea a pau. Ma muli o ka mo'olelo "He mea hō'eha'ole" na Mr. Zoshchenko, i'ōlelo'ia he "pō'ino politika", ma Iune 1927 ua lawe pio'ia ka heluna o ka puke "Behemoth". Ma ka li'uli'u, ua ho'opuka'ia kēia'ano o nā puke. Ma Leningrad i ka makahiki 1930, ua pani'ia ka "Inspector General", ka mea kākau hope hope loa. Akā na'e,'a'ole hopohopo'o Mikhail Mikhailovich a ho'oholo e ho'omau i ka hana.

'Elua'ao'ao o ka kaulana

Me ka huaka'i "Crocodile" ua hui pū'o ia mai ka makahiki 1932. I kēia manawa, hō'ili'ili'o Mikhail Zoshchenko i nā mea no kāna mo'olelo i kapa'ia'o "Youth Returns", a me ka heluhelu'ana i nā puke e pili ana i nā lā'au lapa'au, ke kākalakino a me ka physiology. Ua'ike nui'ia kāna mau hana ma ke Komohana. Akā na'e,'o ka kaulana o kēia ka'ao'ao. Ma German, i ka makahiki 1933, ua hō'ike'ia nā puke a Zoshchenko e like me ka papa inoa'ele'ele o Hitler i ka lehulehu auto-da-fe.

Nā hana hou

Ma ka USSR ma ka manawa ho'okahi, ua pa'i'ia ke mele a Mikhail Zoshchenko "Cultural Heritage" a ua kau'ia ma luna o ke kahua. 'O ka Blue Book, kekahi o kāna mau puke kaulana i ho'omaka'ia e pa'i'ia i 1934. Ma waho a'e o nā novellas, nā mo'olelo āpau a me nā pā'ani, kākau pū'o Zoshchenko i nā leafletons a me nā puke mo'olelo kahiko (Taras Shevchenko, Kerensky, Vozmezdie, The Prince Prince, a me nā mea'ē a'e). Ho'opili'ia, hana'o ia i nā mo'olelo no nā keiki ("Animals Animals", "Kāpena Nui", "Christmas Tree", a pēlā aku).

Nā mo'olelo a nā keiki Zoshchenko

Ua kākau'o Mikhail Zoshchenko i nā mo'olelo he nui no nā keiki. Ua pa'i'ia lākou ma nā nūpepa mai ka makahiki 1937 a hiki i ka makahiki 1945. 'O kēia mau mea, he mau hana like'ole kekahi, a'o nā mea'ē a'e i hui'ia i nā holo. 'O ka holomua "Lelya a me Minka" kaulana loa.

I ka makahiki 1939 -'o ka makahiki 1940. Ua ho'okumu'o Mikhail Zoshchenko i kēia papahana hana. Kona 'ole kēia i nā moʻolelo komo pū: "Golden hua'ōlelo," "nui kaʻahele", "E huli i nā", "He kanakolu makahiki," "Mai Mai moe", "galoshes a me ka hau kalima," "Grandma ka Gift", "Christmas laau". 'A'ole ia'o Mikeha Zoshchenko i hui pū aku iā lākou ma ka holomua. 'O nā mea pōkole o kēia mau hana e hiki ai ke huki i ka hopena i loa'a iā lākou kekahi mea like'ole,'o ia ho'i nā ki'i o nā mea nui. 'O Minka lāua'o Lelya, kona kaikuahine.

Ua ha'i'ia kēia mo'olelo e ka mea hō'ike. 'A'ole i emi iki kona ki'i ma mua o nā hero o nā mo'olelo o Mikhail Zoshchenko. He kanaka makua kēia e ho'omana'o nei i nā ha'awina a'o a me nā mele mai kona wā li'ili'i. E ho'omaopopo he pilina like ma waena o ka mea kākau a me ka mea hō'ike mo'olelo ('oiai ka inoa e kau like, a he'ike kekahi o ka'oihana kākau). Akā, hiki'ole i ke ku'ikahi, ke'ole. Ua'ano like'ole ka'ōlelo a ka mea kākau mo'olelo mai ka mea kākau. 'O kēia'ano o ka mo'olelo i kapa'ia he mo'olelo mo'olelo. Ua pili pono'o ia i nā mo'olelo Soviet o nā makahiki 1920 a me 1930. I kēlā manawa, ua'ike'ia ka mo'omeheu a pau e kona makemake no ka ho'olālā a me nā'ōlelo.

Ma loko o kēia mau mo'olelo, e like me S. Yes. Marshak e kākau nei,'a'ole wale'o ka mea kākau e hūnā i ka pono. 'Ōlelo'o ia e pili ana me ka pololei a pau i ka'ōlelo, a i kekahi manawa ma ka inoa o nā hana ("Mai wahahe'e"). Eia na'e,'a'ole hiki i nā mo'olelo mai kēia mea i ke a'o. Ho'opakele'ia lākou e ka mea ho'onanea, nā mea i mana'o'ole'ia, a me ka hiku i ka hili nui ma Zoshchenko. Aia ma ka pu'uwai o Mikhail Mikhailovich ka hīmeni i mana'o'ole'ia he mele kolohe.

I kēia lā, nui nā hana i kākau'ia e Mikhail Zoshchenko. Hana'ia kāna mau puke ma ke kula, aloha'ia e nā po'e mākua a me nā keiki. 'A'ole i ma'alahi kona ala ma ka palapala mo'o'ōlelo, no ka mea,'o ka hopena o ka po'e kākau mo'olelo a me nā haku mele o ka Soviet. 'O ka makahiki iwakāluakūmāne he manawa pa'akikī i ka mō'aukala, akā, i loko o nā makahiki kaua, ua hana'ia nā hana he nui a ua lilo i laulā ma'amau o ka'ōlelo Lūkini. 'O ka mo'olelo o kahi mea kākau nui like'o Mikhail Zoshchenko, i hō'ulu'ulu'ia e mākou, ke manaolana nei mākou, ua ho'okumu iā'oe i kāna hana.