Serapion Brothers: mōʻaukala a me nā kiʻi

Ma hope o ka Okatoba, a February Hope i i ua kauohaʻia i ka nunui aupuni i loko o ka e ku pono kuhikuhi, ka kokololio flowering o nāʻano o ka modernism i loko o oe, i lilo ai i loko o Rusia. Palapala, ai 'pūʻulu "Serapion Brothers" ua pōkole-i noho ai, nae, haʻalele kona hoailona ma ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻokalaleo, a ma ka pilikino ola ana o kela a me keia o kona mau lala. Ka stigma o "Serapion" koe me ia a hiki i ka pauʻana o nā lā. I ke kakahiaka nui 1920s ka mea, ua kekahi o ka loa kaulana palapala, ai 'ahahui, mai kona poʻe kaua, he mau moʻolelo like Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Lev Luntz, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky. Poe ma ka moana lipolipo, ke keiki Soviet Ana Aina, a me ka koke ke ahi, "Serapion Brothers" i naʻe i ka mālamalama hou aoao o na mea he nui kekahi poʻe kākau moʻolelo.

prehistory

I ka 1919, ka wā o ka hoolaha ana hale "World me Moʻolelo" Ua hana ka palapala, ai Translation Studio. Soon, eia nae, he halawai o ka uʻi kanaka, ka poe i hele mai e aʻo i kēia oe, hoomaka ae la e e oi kelakela. Kamailio e pili ana i moʻokalaleo, i ke akamai o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, a me ka pā o ke akamai o ke kumu nui ka maʻiʻo o ka aha lealea. Soon, ka mea i iho i loko o ka palapala, o Nuioka ma. Ke initiator o kona hui ua Nikolai Gumilyov, a me ka hooponopono i ma luna o Chukovski. Alana hōʻole lākou, N. Zamyatin, Chukovsky, Gumilev, Ua alakaʻi Shklovsky i halawai seminā a me nā haʻi'ōlelo. Ka helu o nā ukali shirilos, a ma ka 1920 ua 350 kanaka. Kākau moʻolelo, a ua pili loa i loko o ka o Nuioka ma, hoʻokaʻawaleʻia, a hana i ka pae "Serapion Brothers". Na lala o keia hui Hoopaa loa i ka mea, i ole he palapala, ai 'kula, akā, wale i ke anaina kanaka o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, mea kākau a me nā haku mele, ua hoʻopili e na manao ma ka maʻiʻo o ke akamai.

Poetics inoa palapala, ai 'ē aʻe

Inā ia mea,ʻaʻole he puke o pōkole nā moʻolelo "Serapion Brothers" (Hoffmann), a no ka lōʻihi manawa e moe ana ma ka papaʻaina o ke hoʻopuka ka, paha e kekahi i ka inoa o ka mokuaina o opiopio moʻolelo. Naʻe, ka mea huli mai e ia i hoʻoikaika i ka papa kuhikuhiE rula o ka pae. Ma ka puke Hoffmann he 22 moʻolelo, i kāna moʻolelo o ka pae o ka hoa halawai ana ma hope o ka lōʻihi kaawale ana. Kekahi o ia hai ana o kona poe Setoiko me ka hehena Kauna, ka mea e manaoio ana ma ka illusory ano o aku o ka lanakila. Hoole o ka ike maopopo, mālama noaʻike hoʻokumu i ka honua e e i ke kumu o ka manaʻo o kēia hana, ka mea, o ka pono wehewehe aku i nā pono kīvila o ka uʻi mea kākau.

ʻO wai ka mea kākau moʻolelo? "Serapion Brothers": papa inoa o ka i komo

Ua aneane koke ma hope o kona hanaia'na,? Eaia i loko o ka palapala, ai 'pūʻulu o hou lala oki ae la. Ka mua - a me ka hope papa inoa o ka i komo i ua immortalized ma ke kiʻi i ka 1921. Ua hoailonaia he Lev Luntz, Nikolai Nikitin, Mikhail Slonimsky, Ilya Gruzdev, Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Elizabeth Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov. Ka hola i loko o ka mea i lawe aku la lakou i ka hui. Kekahi noiʻi i waena o na i komo a me Viktora Shklovskogo, a hiki nae aole ia i manao i kona hana mawaho o ka mana o kekahi ahahui.

Ka maʻiʻo o ka hālāwai Serapions

Palapala, ai 'pūʻulu "Serapion Brothers" wahi o ko lākou mau halawai, e koho i ka lumi Slonimsky. Kona kiʻi i lilo i ka hōʻailona o ka pae. Ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni 'aelike' ia ka hālāwai i wahi ma ka Poaono,ʻoiai ma ka ike maopopo kākoʻo hiki halawai a me kekahi lā o ka pule. Ma ka hālāwai, ua heluhelu i ka hana o na lala o ka pae, a i laila, kūkākūkā i ka au mamuli a me kaʻauhau akula. Kākau moʻolelo ua kūkākūkāʻia e pili ana i ke akamai, e noonoo pono hou aoao o ke? Acaeoey o ka moʻokalaleo. Oe ke koho i ka hui kūkāʻana, ua wela a me ka mea naʻau.

OAAIeOO Alemanaka

Na wale ami ohi Serapions hookuu i ka 1922. He Ua hookuu ia ma Rusia, a ma hope ma Pelelina, inā ma ka Pauku I. Gruzdev "maka a me ke ea paha." E like ma mua o ka kala ana o ka anthology ana o na hana ma na lala o ka "Serapion Brothers" Ua maopopoʻia i loko o ka palapala, ai koʻikoʻi a hanohano. I waena o lākou admirers nānā Gorky, i mea akaka, mai kona palapala me Shklovsky. He ua hākilo hoihoi i loko o ke kala o ka hou huahana, a haawi mai la ia kiʻekiʻe loa kaha.

Ua Ua nui aku ia laua ke hoopaa Tynyanov. Ma kona 'atikala "Serapion poe hoahanau. Alemanaka I »ia i wehewehe i ka ohi like no i koe mua unsteadily, he mea ole loa ai pau moʻolelo (aʻaʻole mau hana i ka maikaʻi 'oihana). E Uwao o ka "nani mōakaaka" M. Kuzmin loa disapprovingly ia e pili ana i keia anthology, kākau moʻolelo i Serapions 1920 ua mua OOAOAaXUEIE i ka 1922.

kapakapa o na hoahanau

Initially, i ka halawai "Serapion Brothers" ikaika me ke anaina o ka "Society o ka Arzamas IKE OLE IA kanaka", ma ka hui ana kākau moʻolelo Pushkin ka hoa kanaka. Mai laila, ua laweʻia ka manao Humorous kapakapa, i ka poe no ka mea kākau no ka wā e ola ana. Kekahi o ia Shoes Vladimir Posner i loko o ka palapala ana i A. M. Remizovu. I. Gruzdev Ua inoa kapakapa "E ka hoahänau Abota," Nikitin - "hoahānau canonarch" LA Luntz - "kaikaina mea nāna e hoʻokani", B. Posner - "kaikaina", Shklovsky - ". Kaikuaana-kicker" Me ka kapakapa o ua Zamyatin, Zoshchenko a me N. Chukovsky. na halawai pinepine hele Akhmatova, Boris Annenkov, AI Odoyevtseva a me na mea e ae. Ka mea i komo i loko o ka hui kūkāʻana a me ka hakaka, aole nae i komo i loko o ka hui. Eia hou, ua hoi "Institute serapionovskih kaikamahine", i komo pū M. Alonkina, LI Sazonov, Z. Gatskevich (hope wahine Nikitin), I. Kaplan-Ingel (hope wahine Slonim).

Lev Luntz a "Serapion Brothers"

Ua lilo ke keiki 20-makahiki-kahiko Lev Luntz ka unofficial alihi kaua o ka pae. Akamai, mau olelo, incredibly loea - ma ka halawai mua Serapions ua "e lalana ana mai" ia i kā lākou nā hoapili. wale nō 23 makahiki Luntz i ola, akā, e hoʻokele e haʻalele kona hoailona ma ka naau o ka mea kākau. Obituary Lunts kakau iho la Gorky, N. Berberova, Tynyanov, Fedin. He Ua kapaia "keiki faun" splashing ma luna o ka ikehu lihi o keia kanaka piha i na halawai o ka pūʻulu i kapaia "Serapion Brothers". Palapala, ai 'Ahahui wae ia i ka manaʻo alakaʻi. I ke kanaka'ōpiopio a hiki makemake e hoʻolaʻa i ka compilation, naʻe, i ole i manawa e hana i kēia.

Ma ka pau ana o 20-ies o kaʻike hoʻokumu Lunz loaa he indelible stigma like me ka nui iho la ia Anati-Soviet a me ka reactionary, a i ole paʻi hou no ia. hiki ke maopopo ke kumu no ia i heluia, inā heluhelu me Paukū Lunz "No ke aha la" Serapion Brothers ", a lilo i manifesto o ka pae. Ma ka mea,ʻo ia wahi i nā loina o ke ku okoa ana o keʻike hoʻokumu, ola me na kanawai a me ka hooponopono ana.

Ka hopena o ka hoao ana

No ka mea Soviet aupuni no ka kuokoa pae o ka mea kākau moʻolelo no ua loa undesirable. I ka 1922, i loko o ka puke pai "ka palapala, ai Notes" ua autobiographical (essay) Serapions. Mahope iho o keia, e kū ana i ka pau moho no ke kaawale ana o nā mea kākau alai ae e Lunacharsky a me Trotsky. Ke hana i kau hoike: Kīwala'ō i ka pae. Ka poe i 'aelike no ke kōkua' ana me ka mana, ka mea i'ōlelo ai i kā lākou mau hana e e pai ia. No ka Soviet kākau moʻolelo ua mea he pomaikai nui. Kekahi o Serapions komo i ke kauä kuapaʻa "Circle", a i ola no ke kālā lealea.

Ke kiʻekiʻe o ke anaina kanaka i oi a oi pohihihi keia. Kauoha aku, o ka pae disbanded ua i ka pili aloha ma waena o kona mau lala mālama ma ke ola. Eia naʻe, ma ka lā hoʻomanaʻo ahiahi Zoscheko hou mai la i ka 1926. A hiki i 1929, 'ē aʻe "Serapion Brothers" no smoldering i loko o ka palapala, ai' koʻikoʻi a hanohano. Me ka Hekikai o ka Union o mea kākau o ka ola o kekahi kuokoa 'ē aʻe ia, i ka mau, ua lilo ia i mea ole.

I loko nō kona pōkole mōʻaukala, ka pae "Serapion Brothers" he manaʻo nui nui no Lūkini moʻokalaleo o XX kenekulia. Mai kona 'ia i haalele ai ia i ka nui o ka nui moʻolelo, a pehea ia haʻalele kona mark mea e hoikeike ia e ka mea i loko o 1946 kona mau lala i hou i olelo ia i loko o ke kaulana Zhdanov kānāwai. No laila, nui na makahiki ma hope o ka'opi o ka Soviet kalaima lima loaʻa unruly moʻolelo, ke pa a ke Zoshchenko, Tikhonov a me Slonimsky helu o prohibitive nā ho'āpono.