Lūkini Futurist haku mele. Ke kala Age Futurist

Ma ka pau ana o kaʻumi makahiki mua o ke kenekulia 20th ma Western Eulopa ua hohola ai i ka hou modernist olelo me ka olelo i kapaia o "Futurism" (unuhi mai Roma - "i ka wā e hiki mai").
Ua Ua manaoia e ia i ke kupuna o ka Italia kākau moʻolelo Filippo Marinetti, haʻi maila ia i ka 1909, o ka piha loa ana o nā mea a pau hoʻokumu moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi a me ka moolelo ma ke ano o ko ke ao nei. Ma kahi o ka Futurist haku mele , unuhi ae heluhelu 'noonoo ana i keia la i ka hoʻokēʻaiʻana i auhele ke ola, a he makemake e kamailio hou aku e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai. e kau aku i ka nui hoakaka mai i loko o ka manifesto, i ke kumu o ka mua o ia, a hoomaka ae la e Marinetti.

E pili ana i ka radically hou nō i ka palapala 'iʻini o ka Futurists, nā ma Europa, a ma Rusia. Hope moʻolelo Ua kākoʻo Artists ka poe i lawe i ke kumu no ka mea kanaka kiʻi i loko o ka waena konu o ka neʻe i mua o ko ke ao nei, symbolically poe like me ka helu nui o geometric kinona.

Hiʻona The Futurists

Ke meʻe o na hana hou o ke avant-garde ao ao - i ka noho ana o ke kūlanakauhale kēia, a me kona dynamism, kiʻekiʻe-māmā, hailona o? Ieaoa a me ka electrification, e alakai ana i ka manawa a pau nui i ke oo loa o ke ola. Lyrical "I" futurists pākīkē imi e hele aku, mai ka panina i hala, a ua hoikeia mai i loko o ka ua mindset mea, aole ia eʻae i ka rula o Ka Mooolelo O, olelo ho okumu a me lexical hoʻokaulike o ka hua'ōlelo. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu alualu ia e ka futurist haku mele - hoolilo i kou heluia, a me ka naʻauao o ka mea e hanaia a puni ma kekahi o ia hoʻi, pono no i ke kanaka.

Ho okumu ana o Russian avant-garde

Ma Rusia, he hou au hoʻomaka e lawe shape i ka 1910. 'O kēia ka wā o ka waiwai hiʻona, he nui haku mele o ke kala, Age. Futurists koke o Laielohelohe noonoo. Ma waho aʻeo i ke kiʻiona nō ke ano o ka pauku (ma a pau), ka mea, ua hoʻolahaʻia ana scandalous lehelehe i ka lehulehu, a me ka huakaʻi ma luna o nā kūlanakauhale nui loa o Rusia.

Lūkini Futurism, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka Europa, ua ole loa a me kekahi heterogeneity. Ma waena o avant-garde groupings kekahi manawa malama loa i ka ikaika hoopaapaa. A ua noho hihia ma ka Futurist haku mele hala, mai kekahi hui i kekahi. Akā, no ka nui successes nō i mau ioauoa o kēia au: Moscow a me St. Petersburg.

Ego-Futurists

Ma ka'ākau kapikala haku mele innovators i ka makahiki 1912 rallied ka mea, a puni Ivan Ignatiev. Ka mea, Pani 'ōlelo' o ka Ego-Futurists iho, i ke ano o "I -, i ka wā e hiki mai" A e alakai ana ia wahi i loko o kēia kaiapili ua lanakila Igor Severyanin (Lotarev), a mea he makahiki mamua aku ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka inoa mua a me ka mea hou i loko o ka ao ao poetry. I kona manao, "i ka pau-mana ego" he koa mua i kekahi mea hiki ke kū i. Ua i aku la ia,ʻaʻole amenable i ka pacification, a hiki i kona climax hang, kūpikipiki'ōʻana, ma ka manao o ka haku mele, ka mea, o ka mea wale nō pololei kūmau.

Hoʻopuka "Petersburg hea" i ka anuu, mai i ua Futurist haku mele. Lyrics o kekahi hou hua'ōlelo me ka ho okumu a me ka hoʻololiʻana i ka Lūkini 'ōlelo haole' ōlelo, kaʻoi loa Kelemānia a me Palani graceful. E like me ka hopena, makakū Ego-Futurists loaa kāna moʻolelo, koho uuku ano i ka hoʻoilina o ko lākou Italian counterparts, ka poe i ku ma na kêia kanaka o ka avant-garde nā mea kū i ka moʻokalaleo.

"Gilea"

I kekahi mau mea okoa mai St. Petersburg i ka hua'ōlelo o nā kino i ka ma depiction o ka ike maopopo Moscow haku mele-futurists. Ka papa hoʻomaka me ko lakou poe hoahanau Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Velimir Khlebnikov. Ka mea kū'ē i ka "I" hou paulele "mākou" a me ka hai aku ia lakou iho Cubo-Futurists. Ideological anuu no ia ua e hui pu iho "Gilea", i hanaʻia i loko o 1910 ma Moscow.

hoomanao lakou i kana mau aʻa, a hoʻokiʻekiʻe pūlikiʻia i ka inoa "Russian Futurists". Haku mele ho'āʻo paakiki, e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia iho, mai ka Italia nā hoapili, a me Khlebnikov a hiki mohai aku, e haawi aku i ka olelo ana o ka hou inoa - "budetlyanstvo" i makemake Ua kuapo kona kū hoʻokahi a me ka individualism. Ua Ua laila paʻi scandalous manifesto "paʻi i loko o ka maka o ka lehulehu ono", hele koke akula i ka noonoo ana o ka holoʻokoʻa Lūkini intelligentsia. Kēia i hahaiʻia nui nā hōʻike, a me ka olelo hoomaikai, ma i Futurist haku mele walawala ai i ka hoolohe ana a me kona helehelena, a outrageous (manaʻo Mayakovsky me kona kaulana yellow lākeke a haku mele pena maka). Defiantly nana i ka puke o ko lākou mau poem, manifestos, nā papahana, a pai ia ia ma ka mea kahiko Wallpaper, laila, ma luna o ka hoʻi i wahīʻia pepa, aʻaʻole manawa ma ka mea, e hoola i ke kālā. Kekahi ke kāʻana piha 'ole no na palapala, ai' kūmau a me ka hana ana o ka hana hua'ōlelo a me ka loa naʻee aoao o ka kikokikona formatting, akā, e ia me ka mea i, a pau keia hope hoomakaukau "bullies" (e like me ka mea i pinepine kapaʻia i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka,) leo nui a me ka pono-hewaʻiʻo i ka inoa o ka "haku mele o ke kālā, kenekulia. " Futurists "galea" pono hoʻonoho ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo, a hoʻokumu i kona kūpono 'ana a me ka hou.

Vladimir Mayakovsky

Haku mele-hoʻokahuli aupuni, a me ka kipi - no laila, pinepine olelo e pili ana i na elele loa kaulana o Lūkini Futurism. I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1912-1914 wā manaoia lakou, he makakū ala Mayakovsky. A he palekana i ka olelo aku i ka manaʻo o ka avant-garde kuhikuhi hana aesthetic hoao ana o ka haku mele, a hoʻoholo i kona hopena i loko o ka moʻokalaleo. Ma ka twenties, he nui loa i hoomaopopoia e Mayakovsky - Futurist haku mele, e like me ka wehewehe aku ma ka hana Ka Mooolelo O o kana hana, heʻano o ka hua'ōlelo, olelo ano he nui o ke kuleana kope, nani loa metaphors. A pau kēia mau hiʻona o ka noʻeau kaila o ka haku mele i kā lākou aʻa i loko o kakahiaka hana, e kahea ana a me ka waina. A ma hope o kaʻumi makahiki me kona inoa ua kuhikuhi pili i nā hana o ka Futurists.

Other avant-garde kū i ke au

I ka 1913 ka mea i shape "Mezzanine o poetry" (B. Lavrenev, Shershenevich) a me "Lyrics", mai i hookaawale ae i ka makahiki ma hope "Centrifuge" (Boris Pasternak, N. Aseev) (i kekahi manawa kapa futurists o ka lua o ka halawai). Ka mua pūʻulu disbanded, aole i koke. "Centrifuge", a mau ae la ia a hiki i 1917, i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka Classic ka palapala, ai kauoha, organically hoʻohuiʻia ia me ka futuristic HOU. Naʻe, a me keia mea i ka luawai-ike nui haku mele i ole no kuʻu kaumaha. Boris Pasternak, no kekahi laʻana, koke neʻe aku mai keia wahi, a ua lawe wahi i loko o ka moʻokalaleo o ka kūʻokoʻa poetry.

Famous haku mele o ke kala, Age Futurist

Papa Inoa o ka haku o ka olelo, ua mālama 'ia ma ka kekahi kahua o kona manaʻo makakū o ka avant-garde, mea he nui. Komo i loko o nā hana o kekahi o na Futurists ua pōkole-i noho ai, oiai kekahi poe i koe i loko o ka? Aieao o ke kuhikuhi ana ma ka 'oihana. Eia na elele koʻikoʻi loa, o ka i koho pūʻulu.

Cubo-Futurists:

• Burliuks - Mamua;
• Khlebnikov - inspirer;
• Mayakovsky - ka loa poʻokela kanaka nona ka hana a laila, hele loa aku ia ka ao ao;
• Kruchenykh.

"Centrifuge":

• N. Aseev,
• Boris Pasternak,
• S. Bobrov.

Ego-Futurists:

• Mea i hoʻokumu i - "King o ka haku mele o" J. Northerner,
• S. Olympus
• Ivanov,
• M. Lokhvitskaya.

"Mezzanine o poetry":

• Shershenevich,
• S. Tret'yakov,
• R. Ivnev.

Rubezhnoe ka First World War, a me kaʻOiʻenehana

1913-1914 makahiki - i kēia manawa i ka piko o ka nani, a hiki i ka Lūkini Futurists. Haku mele o oukou, ua pono ike ma nā mea a pau i ka palapala, ai 'koʻikoʻi a hanohano, i hoʻonohonoho' ia i ka nui helu o nā hōʻike, haʻi'ōlelo, poetry ahiahi. I ka 1915, ua e kamailio e pili ana i ka "make" o ka Futurism, eia nae o ka "Centrifuge" ola no ka oi ma mua o 2 makahiki. i lohe ai a me Keia o futuristic manaʻo ma hope o ka kipi 20 makahiki: i ka hoʻomaka o kaʻumi makahiki - i loko o nā hana o ka haku mele, mai ka pae ana o ka Tiflis "41o", a laila, i loko o ke kumu holoholomoku oberiutov Petrograd. Ka mea, i nō 'Imi komo i loko o "? Ienoai" o ka' ōlelo, hoʻololi kona lexical, syntactic, Kimia nenoaiu.

Russian ka pilina akeakamai e Futurism

Ka muli o ka hou kuhikuhi a me kekahi hana o kona 'elele i unuhi noonoo ana o ka Lūkini intelligentsia. He nui contradictory māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana i ka ha awina ia iho i lohe ai e ku e ia futurist haku mele. List kiʻiʻoniʻoni wehe ike ana symbolist Bryusov. Ke hōʻino "innovators" aole ia i waiho ia hoike mai ai ia i loko o na aoao, "debited mai ka Italia", a me ka io e pili ana i ka mooolelo o Lūkini moʻomeheu. Eia naʻe, ma kona hoʻomaopopo aku ka naauao palaoa i loko o ka hana o Moscow a me St. Petersburg futurists, a hōʻike i ka manaolana i ka mea hiki ke "ulu i loko o pua." Na ka papa kuhikuhiE ano - e lawe i loko, no ka na hana o ka Symbolists.

Negatively ike hou haku mele Ivan Bunin a me M. Osorgin, uglyadevshie i loko o kā lākou hana a me ka hana o ka hooliganism. Gorky, ma ka Akä, ike aku la ka muli o ka Futurists ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo i loko o ka 'āwīwī a me ka pili aku o ka lanakila.