Mōʻaukala o Brest pā kaua. Ku I o Brest pā kaua

Kekahi mau kumu koi i hoomaka i ka mōʻaukala o ka Brest pā kaua he kenekulia mua kona'ōlohe wiwo mama i ka 1941. 'O kēia kekahi untrue. Pā kaua i lōʻihi ola. Piha? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka medieval Susana, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Berestye (i ka mōʻaukala inoa o Brest) hoomaka ae la i ka 1836, a mau ae la ia no ka 6 makahiki.

Koke ma hope o ke ahi o ka 1835 i ka tsarist aupuni nō e Hōʻano hou i ka pakaua, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e haawi ia i ke kūlana o ka komohana outpost o ka lahui nui.

medieval Brest

Ka pā nā lā hoʻi i ka 11th kenekulia, hiki ke loaʻa olelo ai o ka mea i loko o ka pono-ike "moʻolelo o Bygone makahiki," i ka hopuʻia i ka ike weliweli chronicle o ka paio no ka noho aliʻi ma waena o nā nui aliʻi - Svyatopolk a me Jaroslav.

Me he loa Kuhina Nui henua - ma ka promontory ma waena o nā muliwai Western pilikia a me Mukhavets, Berestye koke loaa i ke kūlana o ka nui Land.

I ka wā kahiko, i ka papa kuhikuhiE aoao o ke kālepa ka neʻeʻana i ka muliwai. A 'aneʻi ka mea a pau mau? Aiiioe? I haawi mai ai i ka manawa kūpono o ka neʻe waiwai, mai ka hikina a hiki i komohana, a me ka Hope versa. IeA River ke kiʻi i Poland, Lithuania a meʻEulopa, a ma luna o Mukhavets ma Pripyat a me ka Dnieper - i loko o ka Black Sea steppes a me ka Middle East.

Kekahi hiki wale koho nani wale i ka medieval pā o Brest. Photo ki io, a kauōʻia mai o ka pā kaua o ke kakahiaka nui wā - he rarity, ka mea hiki ke loaʻa wale i iau ho'āʻoʻia.

Aie i ka mea paʻa hoolilo o ka Brest pā kaua ma lalo o ka mana o ka Moku'āina a me ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o kona mau aoao, i ka manao, a me ka outpost, a me ke kauhale i undergone hoʻololi iki. Kekahi o ia mau mea i hooeueuia e na koi ana o ka manawa, nae, oi mamua o elima haneri makahiki o ka Brest pā kaua i hiki ke hoopaa i kona palapala medieval ano a me ka lewa i kūpono.

1812. Ke Palani ma ka Susana

Brest mau kihi Tilly i mau i ka mea o ka paio no ke kūlanakauhale: 800 makahiki Mōʻaukala o Brest pā kaua aupuni, a hoopio iho Turov Duchy o Lithuania, Rzeczpospolita (Poland), a me wale i ka makahiki 1795, Brest lilo i integral hapa o ka aina Lūkini.

Akā, ma mua o ka kaua o Napoleon ka Russian aupuni paʻa nui a hiki i ka pā kaua kahiko. A hiki i ka manawa o ka Lūkini-Farani, Kaua o ka 1812 Brest pā kaua ua hookupaa iho la ia kona kūlana me ka ike loea outpost, i ua popularly mai la oia i kona kōkua, a me ka pepehi poe enemi.

Ke Palani, hoi, ua hoʻoholo e haʻalele Brest no lakou iho, akā, Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua recaptured i ka pakaua, lanakila 'o ia i ka nani loa lanakila maluna iho o ka Palani lio huahelu.

Ka Mokuna olelo hooholo

Kēia lanakila i kekahi wahi ho omaka no kamaʻilio akula i ka tsarist ke aupuni, e kūkulu i ka paena o ka medieval pā mļkina lawa ka hou a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i mana loa, kūpono i ka uhane o ka manawa i loko o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone mika a me koa manaʻo nui.

A me ka mea e pili ana i na koa o ka Brest pā kaua o 1812 ke kaua makahiki? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i kekahi koa hana pū i ka helehelena oʻAʻole eʻole ke daredevils a me Patriots. Lākou mau inoa kona mau helehelena i ka laulā koʻikoʻi a hanohano o ka laila lehulehu, akā, he mea hiki i ka mea, ua loaa ia lakou ko lakou uku no ka makau ole ma ia, mai na lima mai o ka Emperor Alexander.

Ke ahi i loko o Brest

A ke ahi e ale iho i ka kahiko hooponopono i ka 1835, hōʻeleu i ke kaʻina hana o ka mau? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka Brest pā kaua. Na manao o ka laila nā kānakaʻenehana a me nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i ua e luku i ka medieval hale i kā lākou wahi e kūkulu i ka loa hou kuhikuhipuʻuone ano, a me nā kaʻakālai nui o iauaeoia.

Ke ahi luku ma kahi o 300 na hale i loko o ka pā kaua, a me keia, ironically, huli mai e ia ma ka lima, a me ka imperial ke aupuni, a me ka poʻe e uhau ana, a me ke kūlanakauhale heluna.

? aeiino?

Ka hoopuka ana ke ahi i luahi uku i loko o ka palapala o ke dala a me ka mea, i ke aupuni e hoohuli ia lakou, e noho i loko o ka pakaua, a kaawale - mau kilomika, mai ka outpost, pela ka hoʻolako 'he hookahi hana o ka pā kaua - aiiay.

Mōʻaukala o Brest pā kaua i ike ole ia e ia he grandiose? Aeiino?: Medieval pāpū Ua razed i ka honua, a ma kona wahi ulu i ka ikaika kaua me ka manoanoa paia, i ka pau nenoaiu o ka ke eaʻe uwapo, hoʻohuiʻia kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni mokupuni ekolu, a me ka bastion pakaua i hoʻolako pono ravelins me impregnable he umi-lepo paia, me ka puka embrasures hele 'ana o defenders ke koe maximally hoomalu i shelling.

Aiiay uea pā kaua i loko o ka 19th kenekulia

Ma waho aʻeo ia aiiay hale, a, o ka papa, pāʻani i ka nui kūlana i kipakuʻenemi ho'āhewa wale, ia mea i nui, a me ka helu o ka pono-i hoomakaukauia ka poe koa e lawelawe i loko o ka pā kaua mau kihi.

Aiiay Susana, kou akamai i hāpaiʻia e nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i na subtleties. I ole ia, no ke aha la e haawi ano o koa 'Barracks waiwai o ka papa hoʻoikaika' ana i? E noho nei i ka wahi me nā pā pōhakuʻelua mika manoanoa, ua subconsciously makaukau e noonoo i ka hiki ho'āhewa wale o kaʻenemi kēlā me kēia o ka servicemen, literally lele mai, mai ka moe - i kekahi manawa o ka lā.

500 casemates o ka pakaua hoopuni fits 12.000 koa me ka piha i na mea kaua, a me ka ai no kekahi mau lā. Nā Barracks Ua no laila, pono huna mai prying mau maka, i kā lākou alo ke apuepue koho iho i ka uninitiated - ka mea, e noho ana i loko o ka mānoanoa o ia ia he umi-mika pā.

A hiʻona o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone pāʻoihana o ka pakaua lilo i inextricable loulou kona iauaeoia: ka nei iluna me ka hale kiaʻi uhi ia e ke ahi ka papa kuhikuhiE pakaua, a mai na pakaua aia ma luna o ka mokupuni, ka mea, ua hiki i ka hoʻomaka i ke ahi kālele ana, ka pale 'ana i ke alo.

A hiki i ka hale kākela i paa ia e kekahi komolima o 9 pakaua, ka mea, ua lilo ia i meaʻaneʻane invulnerable: kēlā o ia ke kupono i ka poe koa a pau o na koa, (i ka 250 servicemen), eia kekahi 20 pū.

Brest pā kaua ma peacetime

I ka wā o ka malie ma na palena o ka moku'āina Brest ana i noho ai i ka leisurely ola. A i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, a me ka pā kaua noho aliʻi ihola enviable regularity, hana hana ma ka ekalesia. Ma ka pā kaua, he mau ekalesia - nō kupono i ka nui helu o koa kekahi ekalesia ma kekahi ala au e hiki ia lakou.

Kekahi o ka kūloko hoailona i hou i loko o ka hale no ka halawai ana o na ilamuku a me na ilamuku kapa i ka White Palace.

Akā, ma ka noho malie manawa o ka pā mea i ai oluolu e kiʻi ma laila. E komo ai i ka "naau" o ka Susana, oia o eha puka. Ekolu o lakou, e like me ka hōʻailona o ko lākou inaccessibility, ka na moku'āina o ka Brest pā kaua. iau Ua hoʻomaka me ka puka kahiko: Kholmsk Terespolsky, Hawaii ... kēlā me kēia no ia i kauoha aku e lilo i ka'īpuka i ka paradaiso no kona nui defenders i ka wā e hiki mai na kaua.

Lako a pā kaua ma ka Ewa o ka First World

Iloko o ka turmoil ma Europe, i ka pā kaua o Brest-Litovsk, koe kekahi o ka loa ike loea pakaua ma ka Lūkini-Polish palena. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka Susana, - "e kōkua i ke ku okoa ana o ka hana ana o ka poe koa, a me ka moku," a i ole kēia mea kaua a me ka lako a pan.

O ka 871 huahelu o nā mea kaua, wale 34% i kō nā koi o ka kaua i loko o kēia rula, pū ka i koe, he obsolete. Additional pū Kīwala'ō kahiko lauana i ka mea hiki ke pana pua aku makou i ka mamao o ka ole oi aku mamua o 3 mile. I keia manawa, kekahi ikehuʻenemi he mau papa wiliʻai a me ka mea kaua nenoai .45.

I ka 1910 aeronautic battalion o ka pakaua ua ma ka hoʻolilo o kona airship mua, a ma ka 1911 i ka Brest-Litovsk pā kaua kūikawā imperial kauoha i hoʻolako pono a me kona mau Radio wahi.

Ke kaua mua ana o ka 20th kenekulia

Ka First World War loaʻa ka Brest pā kaua i loko o ka kŘpa a maluhia hana - no? Ieoaeunoaa. O Laielohelohe e mau kama'āina mai kokoke a mamao kauhale 'Imi kūkulu hou pakaua.

Pā makemake e ina mea ua ole wawahi ae la i ka Ewa o ka oihana koa mihi, i kūpono i loko o ka pūʻali i disbanded a nalowale outpost o ka kaua koa loa hoomaluia. I ka hoʻomaka o ka First World ma ka Brest-Litovsk pā ua wale militias ia i ka lakou hee hope ana i haʻakoi e puhi i ka loa a me ka waiwai nui holomua outpost.

Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE hanana o ke kaua mua o ka iwakālua kenekulia i ka pā i ole ma muli o ke koa hana - ka Brest maluhia kuikahi i kakauinoa ia i loko o kona pā.

Kia hoʻomanaʻo i Brest pā kaua Ka mea, i kaʻokoʻaʻano a me ke ano maoli, a me kekahi o ia mau mea i kēia nui no ia mau manawa kuikahi.

E like me ka poʻe aʻo o ka heroism o Brest

Ka hapanui o wā ike Brest Susana, ma luna o nā hanana o ka lā mua o ka kipi kaua o Nazi Kelemania, ma ka Soviet Union. Information e pili ana i keia,ʻikeʻia,ʻaʻole kekahi manawa, ka mea e höʻike i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia lakou iho i loko o unexpected aoao: ua hōʻikeʻo Kamohomoho mahalo no ka heroism o na defenders o Brest i kino diaries, i i hope i loaʻa, a paʻi koa nā kānaka moʻolelo.

Eia kekahi i loko o 1943-1944. A hiki ia manawa, e pili ana i ka heroism o ka lehulehu hoolohe ana Susana ka mea, ua ike, a me ke koena o ka "ai grinder" meʻe o ka Brest pakaua, e like me ke kula kiʻekiʻe 'koa, luna aupuni, ua ana manaʻo i poe pio o ke kaua, hookuu mai ai ia i kaʻenemi, mai makau.

Information ia i nā kēia ho'āla kaua tochilis i loko o ka Susana, a me Iulai, a hiki ma August 1941, no hoi iʻaʻole koke lilo lehulehu. Akā, e kākau moʻolelo ke olelo aku nei au no kaʻoiaʻiʻo: Brest pā kaua, a me ka enemi i manaoia e lawe 8 hola, mālama 'ia no ka lōʻihi manawa.

Ka lā o ka hoomaka ana o Gehena: June 22, 1941

Mamua o ke kaua, a i ole manaʻo, Brest pā nana loa negrozno: kahiko lepo pā hoki, ulu me ka mauu, ma ka ?? eoi? - pua a me aaoneay ieiuaaea. I kakahiaka nui June ka papa kuhikuhiE regiments hoʻonohoʻia i loko o ka pakaua, haalele ia ia, a hele aku la i ke kauwela aʻo i hoomoanaʻi.

Ma ka po o Iune 22, ka outpost ua kokoke nö hoʻi.

Mōʻaukala o Brest pā kaua no a pau na kenekulia i i ike i ka mea perfidy: ka wee hola o ka pōkole kauwela po, ua kukulu iho la lakou no ka poʻe e noho ana o Gehena. A laila, mai o ka wahi, i wehe i ka pakaua mea kaua ke ahi, hopu kela kanaka keia kanaka ma ka mea hou i hiki mai i loko o laila, a hiki i ka mokuna o ka outpost ua holo 17.000 ruthless "hoa" mai ka Wehrmacht.

Akā,ʻaʻole hoʻi ke koko, aole hoi i uhi mai, aole hoi i na hoa o ka make hiki ole uhai a pau i ka'ōlohe wiwo defenders o Brest. Ka mea, kaua no ka ewalu lā, e like me kūhelu ikepili. A elua malama - e like me unofficial.

'Aʻole no laila, na mea, a ole no laila, wikiwiki e haawi ma Brest pā kaua. pale 1941 lilo i nānā i nā'ōuli o nā mea a pau i ka hou papa o ke kaua, a me kaʻenemi hōʻike i ka ineffectiveness o kona mau wai huʻihuʻi i ka ho omaulia a me Naha Pōhaku-mea e Huipû unpredictable heroism poorly mākaukau i ke kaua, akā, ardently e aloha i ka fatherland o ka Slavs.

"E kamailio pu ana" na pohaku

He aha e hāmau screams Brest pā kaua? Ke iau Ua malamaia he nui artifacts a me ka pohaku, kahiʻoe ke heluhelu i ka mooolelo o kona defenders. Pōkole nä hopuna ma ka laina hoʻokahi aʻelua lawe i ka poe ola, hoopa iho la i ka waimaka o nā hanauna a pau, inā paha lākou e puhi liilii, e like me ka ke kanaka a me ka maloo businesslike.

Muscovites: Ivanov, Stepanchikov Zhuntyaev, a alakai aku la i ka mooolelo o keia wā weliweli - ka Kahiāuli Ho'ā o ka pohaku, na waimaka o ka naau. Elua o lakou, make iho la, a Ivanov ka i koe ike no hoi ia ia i makemake ole i lōʻihi i olelo mua iaʻi: "Aia ua hope grenade. Alive e haawi mai, "a laila, ninau aku la:" E hoopono mai iā mākou, hoa ".

Mawaena o ka hoike ana o ka pā i mālama hou ma mua o ewalu lā i koe, nā lā ma luna o ka pōhaku: July 20, 1941 - ka loa okoa no ia.

E maopopo i ka manaʻo nui o ka heroism a me ia'ku o na defenders no ka mea a pau aupuni, e pono e hoomanao i ka la a me ka wahi: Brest pā kaua, 1941.

Hana i hoʻomanaʻo ai

No ka mea manawa mua, ua hiki ke loaʻa ma laila i loko o 1943 i ka hana o ka aina o ka pā kaua o na elele o ka Soviet Union (a me ka kūhelu o na kanaka) mai. Just ma ia manawa, a he mau paʻi puke o ala mai na diaries o Kelemānia koa a me nā luna.

Ma mua Brest i ka moolelo, hele mai ka waha i ka waha ma luna o nā mea a pau fronts, a ma ka hope. E hana i nā hanana o ka formality, e hooki aku i kekahi ano o ka fiction (i maikaʻi ke ano), a hoʻopio i ka heroism o Brest pā no nā kenekulia, ke komohana outpost, ka mea i hoʻoholo e reclassify i ka mea paipai manaʻo.

Manaʻo o nā manaʻo i wahi i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o ke kaua - i ka makahiki 1971. Hina, puhi a ka pūniu pā - Ua lilo i integral hapa o ka exhibition a pau keia. Scarred hale e kū hoʻokahi, a me ka mea, i ka lakou bulk o ka hoike ana o ka ikaika o kona defenders.

Eia hou, i ka mea paipai manaʻo Brest pā kaua no ka maluhia makahiki aʻu i loaʻa kekahi mau poʻomanaʻo kia hoʻomanaʻo i a me obelisks o oi hou ka molekumu o, a i harmoniously Blend i loko o kekahi hanana Ensemble o ka pakaua-e neeaaia a me kona mea koʻikoʻi a me ka conciseness ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia hanaia i loko o kēia mau pā pōhaku pōʻino.

Brest pā kaua i loko o ka moʻokalaleo

I ka loa a me kaulana controversial hana o ke ahiahi, he mau o ka Brest pā kaua,ʻo ia ka puke S. S. Smirnova. ʻalo me ka hoike, a ua pakele o ka hoomalu ana o ke Susana, ka mea kākau nō e hoʻihoʻi i ka pono, a me whitewash i ka maoli inoa o nā huapalapala, a ka laila aupuni Ua hewa ia no ka noho ana i loko o ka hale paʻahao Kelemānia.

A loaa iho la ia ia, a hiki nae i ka manawa i pau i ka loa kemokalaka - kualapa waena 50s o hope kenekulia.

He nui kōkua e hoʻi i ka maʻamau, mai hoʻowahāwahā na makaainana a ola puke "Brest pā kaua". Photos o kekahi o ka poe laki hoʻomano paʻiʻia i loko o ka ahakanaka, na inoa puhi ma luna o ka Radio. i kalapona ka Radio i hoʻokūpaʻa, hoolaa i loaa i ka defenders o ka Brest pakaua.

Smirnov i ka huina hoonui o ka olaʻi pae, ma ka a, e like me ka mythological ano, mai ka pouli mai o oblivion hele mai nā meʻe - defenders o Brest, uku a nāu a me nā luna. I waena o lākou: Major Gavrilov, Komikina Fomin, Semenenko Lutanela, Kapena Zubachev.

Brest pā kaua - he kia hoʻomanaʻo koa a me ka nani o ke kanaka, he tangible a me ka mea. He nui ka pohihihi kaʻao e pili ana i kona wiwo defenders o na kanaka e noho ana i keia la. Ua ike ia i loko o ka palapala o ka palapala, a me ka wahine hana, i kekahi manawa, i loaʻa i loko o nā loina.

A me kēia mau kaao e ola nei ma o ka makahiki, no ka mea, o ka mea Brest pā kaua Alo pono e hoomanao e pili ana ia ia, a me ka 21 m + a me ka 22 m, a ma ka hope o nā kenekulia.