Nā aʻalolo keena a me kā lākou 'ole

Nā aʻalolo aeee i lilo nā aʻalolo'aʻaʻa, nō o nā 'ano: neurocytes (neurons), a me ka glial aeee (glial aeee). Neurons ike mea ukiuki loa, hoʻomakaʻia i ka hanaʻia me ka mākaʻi, a pū i hiki nā aʻalolo impulses hookupaa i ka hui 'ana me kekahi i kekahi, a glia aeee i na rula no e pono ai functioning neurons, a laila kaʻawale ia, e hoomalu a me ka lawe 'ana i loko o ke kūkaʻi o uao a me ka ulu e auaaeaiea ololi neurocytes.

E like me ia i keia la, i ke poo o ka kanaka lolo be 25 ieeeea?. Neurons, elua hapakolu o ia i aia i loko o ka cortex, a me ka helu o glial aeee mea e pili ana i 10 mau manawa kiekie ae.

neuron

Nā aʻalolo keena pihaʻi me neurons, a nō ka papa kuhikuhiE mall a me ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai hehee ai o ka'emi ko kahua. Neuron - he Hoʻokō 'aeea nui o 4-130 microns, oia hoi o ke kino a me ka appendages, i mea o ka elua ano: ka axon a me dendrites. Scion o ke aʻalolo aeea - axon - ole kapaia neurites. keʻano o ka hanaʻana lōʻihi o 1.5 m. Axon i loko o ka halepaahao, wale kekahi, lōʻihi, iki ai manamana ai; ma luna o laila, mai ka halepaahao kino o ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale. Dendrites i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO lehulehu, i aloha ai manamana, pōkole. E like me ia ia ia i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale ua pili i ke kino o ka neuron. Neurons hoʻomaopop 'ana i hōʻeuʻeu polarization, e hana nā aʻalolo impulses wale nō i loko o hoʻokahi ala - mai dendrite e axon. ʻo ia hoʻi, ka neuron i loko o kona 'ole kohu he funnel. Ke aeea kino Heʻano nui o ka hana o ka trophism ma ka pili ana i ke kaʻina hana. Kino shape paha e okoa - mai pyramidal i ua hoʻokōʻia.

'ano o nā neurons

Nā aʻalolo keena ma ka helu o keʻano o ka hanaʻana i māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau kumu ano.

• unipolar - me he hookahi kaʻina hana, wale i ka axon. Mau keena nei wale i loko o embryos me ka palapala mua i loko o ka ulu ana o neurocytes;
• Bipolar - i loaʻa ka axon a me ka dendrite. Kēia nā aʻalolo aeee i kekahi kanaka i loko o ka retina, a ma ka pā pepeiao;
• multipolar - lilo 2 a oi keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ka axon a me dendrites. He ka loa e like me ka 'ano o ka neuron i loko o ke kino, ka mea, i nā loko o ka Central māhele o ka'emi'ōnaehana a me kaʻike ākea;
• psevdounipolyarnye keena - ma kela aoao o ka hookahi, he pono ole kaʻina, me ka axon a me ka dendrite, a ma hope ka mea, ua maheleia i mau hookaawale keena o ke kino. Mau bipolar neurons i aia i loko o nā aka wahi o ka cranial a me ka spinal.

Ka 'ole o ke aʻalolo aeea

Neurilemma aeea uhi, a ma ka hou ana i ka ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai, a me ka hoonohonoho hou o ka mea loaʻa hana, hanaʻia i kekahi hana o ke aʻalolo impulse.

Nā aʻalolo aeee i cytoplasm, a mai nā 'mau organelles (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ke kelepona hele oaio, Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, lysosomes) a me ka organelle kūikawā hana, no laila,-kapaia neurofibrils. nā aʻalolo aeea nucleus alohilohi, a, he hoʻokahi a mau nucleoli.

CellʻAno e like me ko lakou manao

I kulike ai me ka mākaʻikaʻi ooieoeiiaeuiiai nā aʻalolo aeee e hoʻolaha i loko o sensory, Hawaii a me ka intercalary.

Sensory neurons - mau keena, i ke kino i kahi i loko o ka ganglia o kaʻike ākea nenoaiu. Dendrites mau keena ikepili koʻikoʻi hope hoopau wale, a me ka axon ana i alakaʻi i loko o ka lolo kumu a spinal kaula.

Intercalary nā aʻalolo keena kuleana no ka pū i hiki neuron excitation.

i kapaia Hawaii a secretory aeee ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ole (Muscle puluniu a hao) kahi lākou axon welau.

Aia mau no hoi kākoʻo nā aʻalolo keena, no laila,-kapaia glial aeee i insulate neurons mai kekahi i kekahi.

Ependimotsity like e epithelial'aʻaʻa naʻau i ka lua a me ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula. Lākou kuleana pili i - ke kākoʻo a me ka demarcation.

Astrocytes i mnogootrostchatymi uuku hoku-hoʻokino keena. Ma ka hana ana i keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā astrocytes i protoplasmic a me ka fibrous.

Nā aʻalolo olona, i hana mai na keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā aʻalolo keena a me lemmotsitov. Mawaho o ka'emi puluniu ua kapa komo iā ia me ka lahilahi wahi o fibrous wehe connective'aʻaʻa, a ua kapaia ka basal lamina.