Nazi Party (NSDAP): polokalamu alakaʻi, hōʻailona, mōʻaukala

Ma Kelemania, ma ka 1920 o ka hoʻomaka o kona ola Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), ma ka Russian - Nazi Party, a NSDAP) i ka makahiki 1933 ua lilo i ka wale loio aoao ma ka mana i loko o ke aupuni. Olelo hooholo o ka Anati-Hitlerʻahahui ma hope o ka make i ka makahiki 1945, i mea hoʻoheheʻe, ka Nuremberg hoao kona alakaʻi 'ike hewa a me ka ideology helu kuhi no a hiki i ka make māinoino o kanaka ola.

e hoomaka ana

I ka 1919 ma Munich, he alahao fitter Antonom Drekslerom hoʻokumu i ka Kelemānia He hana i 'Party (DAP) ma luna o ka pola o na Komite o ka hana no ka malu (Freien Arbeiterausschuss für einen guten Frieden), i hoʻokumu i kekahi e Drexler. His mentor - Paul Tafel, ka luna hoʻokele a me ka luna o ka ipu-German o Oʻahu, i ka manaʻo o ka honua nei mea he nationalist aoao i hilinaʻi ma o ka hana. Ma lalo o ka'ēheu o ka WCT mai ka inception ka mea, ua pio ka polokalamu ma kahi o 40 mau lālā. I ka polokalamu o ka pili aupuni aoao ia,ʻaʻole i lawa ke kino.

Adolf Hitler hui i ka DAP moʻo i loko o Sepatemaba 1919, a eono mahina ma hope ka mea, Ua hai mai la "ka polokalamu o ka iwakalua-kumamalima kumu," entailed a me ka inoa loli. Ano, oia ka hope loaa kona inoa me Nazi Party. Hitler iho i hele mai ai me ka HOU mea National Socialism i mua, ua kukala aku i keia manawa ma Austria. E kope i ka inoa o ka'Aukekulia aoao, Hitler i manaoia he Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party. Akā, e hoohuli i. Heluhelu lalau aku la ia i ka manao, hoemi i ka hua h ÷ ailona e "Nazis", e like me ka inoa "sotsi" (socialists) ua ola ma ka analogy.

He iwakalua-kumamalima puan

E kau i kēia fateful polokalamu, i aponoia ma Pepeluali 1920, e i ka manawa pōkole.

1. Oi aku Germany e hui a pau kēia kanaka Kelemānia i loko o lākou mokuna.
2. E pae mai i nā hua'ōlelo a pau o ka Versailles Kuikahi ma mua, e hoʻokūpaʻa i ke kuleana o Kelemania, a hiki i ka hale, kuokoa ana a me nā lāhui kanaka.
3. Lebensraum: noi hou ?? eoi? E paka ai, a, e hoopau i ka māhuahua Kelemānia heluna.
4. Kupa ua aeia ma ke kulanui o ka lāhui. Iudaio i ole Kelemānia AHAILONO A KA.
5. hiki wale All ole-Kelemania e hoaʻai.
6. Official pou pono hoopaa i ka kūpono kanaka nā mākau a me nā mea hiki lilo loaʻa, i kekahi kumumanao cronyism mea unacceptable.
7. Ka moku'āina ua koiia e hoʻolako i ka olelo no ke ola ana o ke kanaka. I ka nele o nā kumu waiwai a pau non-poe kanaka i ke hoʻokoe 'ia mai i ka helu o ka mea maʻi.
8. Komo ana o ka ole-kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma Germany, e hooki aku.
9. All makaainana i ole wale no ka pono, aka, i ka hana, e komo i loko o ke koho ana.
10. Kela a me keia German kupa mai e hana i ka mea pono.
11. Puka makahiki confiscated.
12. A pau he hoʻolimalima i ma ka lilo ana o ke kaua, confiscated.
13. Nationalization o ka nui hana a pau.
14. Poe hana a me nā limahana i 'ae' oe e komo i loko o ka waiwai o ka nui hana.
15. kahiko-makahiki hoomau e e kohu kūpono.
16. Ka pono e kākoʻo nā hoʻohua ka poe liilii, a me ka poʻe kālepa, hoolilo ia lakou a pau i ka nui hale kūʻai.
17. Nā mea hoʻololi i ka aina loiloi, hoopau wale o ka speculation.
18. Speculation ka make uku, e hoopaiia mercilessly a pau hewa.
19. Hope o Roma kānāwai i loko o ke kānāwai Kelemānia.
20. Ke reorganization o ka hoʻonaʻauao aupuni i loko o Germany.
21. kākoʻo Mokuaina o ka noho 'ana makuahine a me ka paepaeʻana wa opiopio? acaeoey.
22. Muli o koa hana, kahi o ka 'oihana aupuni koa.
23. All Media ma ka aina e e wale na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, ole-ke Kelemānia a hana i loko o ia ua papa ia.
24. Hoomana Ua noa, koe wale no ka hoomana ana, a ua pilikia loa Germany. Iudaio materialism hōʻole.
25. E hooikaika ana i ka kikowaena aupuni ka pono hoʻokō i ke kanawai.

hale kanawai

Mai ka mua April 1920 Hitler ka polokalamu kālai'āina lilo kūhelu, a mai 1926 na olelo a pau o kona hai inviolable. Mai ka makahiki 1924 a hiki i ka makahiki 1933 i ka pāʻina loaa momentum a koke ikaika ae la. Hale kanawai ke koho hōʻike ulu o Kelemānia koho balota i kela makahiki.

Inā ka Nazi Party loaa wale 6.6% i loko o ka ke koho ana, a ma December, a hiki emi ma May o ka makahiki 1924 - 3 wale%, no ka mea i loko o 1930 i ke koho ana i 18.3%. I ka 1932, kākoʻo o ka National Socialism nui, a mahuahua nui i loko o Iulai no ka NSDAP hooholo 37.4%, a me ka hope, ma March 1933, aneane 44% o ka koho ana i ka aoao i loaa Hitler. Mai 1923, e paa ana ia mau congresses o ka Nazi Party, ma laila i noho ai he umi, a ua paʻa i ka 1938 i ka hope.

ideology

Totalitarian ideology o ka National Socialism hiehie na kumu o ka socialism, racism, nationalism, Anati-Semitism, fascism a me Anati-communism. Ia mea ke kumu o ka Nazi Party kūkala kona pahu hopu o ke kūkuluʻana i ka moku'āina Aryan nā hui pili koko a me ka pololei me ka uie kekahi mokuna, a i nā mea a pau e pono ai no kou e pono ai a me ka pomaikai o na tausani-makahiki Reich.

Hitler i ka palapala hoike mua ma mua o ka October 1919 aoao. A laila, i ka mōʻaukala o ka aoao i pono e hoomaka ana, a me ka hoolohe ua liʻiliʻi - wale hoʻokahi haneri a me he umikumamakahi kanaka. Akā, lawe pio akula i ka wā e hiki mai Fuhrer ia loa. I rula, na postulates i loko o kona mau olelo, aole loa hoʻololi i - ka muli o fascism ua hana mua. Ma mua, Hitler hai aku i ka nui o kana i ike mai Germany a me kona hai aku poe enemi: Iudaio a me ka Marxists, ka poe i hoohewaia ka aina e eo ai ma World War I, a me ka pōpilikia mahope. A laila, ka mea i olelo mai e pili ana i ka rematch, a me ka Kelemānia mea e, e hoʻopau ilihune ma ka aina. Ke koi no ka hoʻi o nā panalāʻau ma muli naʻe o "barbaric" ka ikaika o ka manao, e paʻa nui hou nā panalāʻau e ke Kuikahi o Versailles.

'aoʻao' ole

Kūkulu Nazi Party ma ka ia kenekoa rula, ke 'ole ua hierarchical. Loa ka mana a me kona palena mana no i ka 'aoʻao Luna hoomalu. Ka mua poo mai January 1919 a hiki i Feberuari 1920 ua ka kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Karl Harrer. He ua 'Imi' ole ma ka hanaia'na o ke WCT. He Ua UAIAaIN e Anton Drexler, he makahiki hope i lilo i ka honorary Luna hoomalu o ka aoao, ka wā haawiia na opu i Adolf Hitler i loko o July 1921.

Koke i ka 'aoʻao nakeke alakaiia e ka Hope Fuhrer. Mai ka makahiki 1933 a hiki i 1941, ua noho i ka lua o kaʻoihana ma ka Rudolf Hess, i hana mai i ka Nazi Party Chancellery, ka mea koke i ka makahiki 1933 alakaʻi Martin Bormann, i ka 1941, ua lilo iho la ka ke keʻena luna o ka Party Chancellery. Mai 1942, Borman - Kakauolelo o ka Fuhrer. I ka makahiki 1945, Hitler kakau iho la i ka makemake i loko o ka mea ana i kukulu ai i ka hou aoao moʻomanaʻo - lawelawe iʻikeʻia ma ka aoao pili, a lilo kona poo. Bormann noho ihola ma ke poʻo o ka Nazi Party lōʻihi - ma kahi o eha lā, ma luna o ke kanakolu o Aperila a hiki i ka hōʻailona o ka hoihoi o ka lua o Mei.

o kona paio

I ka wā o ka Nazis ho'āʻo coup, ka Bavarian Komikina Gustav av Kahr palapala i ka olelo paa Ka Hoʻopāpā ka National Socialist Party. Eia naʻe, hana i ole no kuʻu kaumaha, a me ka hiʻona o ka aoao, a me ka Fuhrer ulu, alahula iki mai: i ka makahiki 1924 kanaha Reichstag lunakanawai no i ka NSDAP. Eia hou, Ua hūnāʻia nā lālā o ka aoao ma lalo o nā inoa o ka lānai hou i hana mai i ka hoʻonohonohoʻia. Ua pili kekahi i Kelemania, koke ke aupuni kaiāulu, o Iulio Streicher, a me ka Popular kal, a me ka National Socialist Liberation Honua, a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe uuku helu o ka aoao lālā.

I ka makahiki 1925, hele mai la ka Nazi Party mai hou ma luna o ka loio i kūlana haʻahaʻa, akā, ua kū'ē'ē 'oe kona luna koa ma luna o ka nīnau hoʻokahi wale nō tactical - Pehea ka nui o socialism a me ka nationalism Pono e komo i kēia neʻeʻana. Ke'ōlelo mai, Ua maheleia ka aoao i loko o nā'ēheu. All 1926 hele aku la i ka mahae a me ka paioʻawaʻawa ma waena o ka pono a me ka hema. Party kūkā ma Bamberg i ka apogee o keia confrontation. A laila, May 22, 1926, i ole lanakila i nāʻokoʻa, Hitler ma Munich nō koho i ko lakou alihi kaua. A me ka lakou hana ia ua hoʻoholo like.

Ke kumu no ka hiʻona o Nazism

Ma Germany, ka oolea o ka waiwai ka hoʻoponopono ulia i loko o ke kakahiaka twenties o ka iwakālua kenekulia i ka piko, eha ma ka naau kauoha aupuni la ma ka lele pūʻana a me ka pale a. E kū'ē i kēia kāʻei kua, ka mea, ua ole ai paʻakikī ohmurit nuipa a manaʻo o ka nationalism a me ka militarism, e hai i ka haku lāhui kanaka, a me ka mōʻaukala nuʻukia o Germany. Ka helu o nā kākoʻo a me sympathizers o ka Nazi Party ulu koke, Kaʻahumanu i ka poʻe kaua o ka Nazi tausani a me nā tausani o nā keiki, mai kekahi papa a me ka aina. Party? Ac? Dynamically a mai i hoʻowahāwahā maila iā populist i kūpono i kāna hou ukali.

Mōlina, i hana i ka iwi kuamoo o ka Nazi Party, he lā kilakila: no ka mea hapanui loa ka mea, he mau lala o ke aupuni disbanded paramilitary pūʻulu a me veterans 'ahahui (pa-German o Oʻahu, a me ka Kelemānia People ka Union o ka hewa a me ka mea e malu ai, no ka laʻana). Ma Ianuali 1923, i ka mua Ahaolelo Lahui o ka aoao, Hitler paa i ka hana pili o ka hoʻolaʻa o ka hae o ka NSDAP. A laila, aia ka Nazi hōʻailona. Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ka Ahaolelo Lahui hala ka mua torchlight huakaʻi o eono tausani SA stormtroopers. Ma ka haule ana o ka aoao mua aku ma mua o 55 tausani kanaka i.

E hoomakaukau ana e lawe maluna iho o ka honua

Ma Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1925 hoʻomaka hou papaia e hoolaha mua nupepa - hui, o ka Nazi Party - "Volkischer Beobachter". A laila, Hitler i kekahi o kona mau loaʻana āpana '- ma konaʻaoʻao neʻe Goebbels, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ka "Angrif" Magazine. Eia hou, i ka NSDAP i ka manawa e unuhi lākouʻimi naʻauao haʻawina a me ka "National Socialist malama". I Iulai 1926, ma ka Weimar Ahaolelo Lahui o ka Nazi Party, Hitler hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻololi i ka 'aoʻao nā kaʻa mokulele.

Ma kahi o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli ano o ka paio ku e pili mau hoa paio, ia? Aeiiaiaoaony e kaomi mai i ka hoʻomalu hale, koho 'ana i ka Reichstag, a ma ka moku'āina hale kanawai. Ua ua ia e hana, o ka papa, me ka hoʻokuʻuʻole mai o ka maka o ka pahuhopu nui - ke eradication o Communism a me ka hou ana o ka Versailles kuikahi i hoʻoholo.

poʻo e hooho ana i

Me ka dukima ia paena i Hitler e hoʻokele i ka pono i ka papahana o ka NSDAP ma Hawaii, o ka mea nui kālā a me ka hanalima huahelu. Party Trust a hui kona kaua e like bosses me Wilhelm Kappler, Emil Kirdorf, hoʻoponopono, e loaa hou nupepa Walther Funk, lunahoomalu o ka Reichsbank Yalmar Shaht, a me ka nui o ka poe e, i ka hou i kona iho wale nô mea he maikai HA no na kanaka, i lawe mai ai i loko o ka waihona kālā aoao nunui dala o ke kala. I ka hoʻoponopono ulia Mamua, ka nele i nui uncontrollably, i ka Social Democratsʻaʻole kanaka i ka mea i hilinaʻi ai ho'āpono aku. Most pōʻai pūʻulu losing lepo, hina no ka nui o ka loa kumu o ko lākou ola.

Small nā hoʻohua mea,ʻAʻole eʻole, e hoohewa ana i ke aupuni o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu i loko o ko lakou mau pilikia. He nui ike aku la i kekahi aoao mai o keia kulana, wale, e hooikaika i ka mana, a me ka hoʻokahi-aoao aupuni. Mau koi, a oluolu aku hui i ka moni, a me nā pāʻoihana o ka nui-me ka unahiʻole, subsidized NSDAP i koho paipai aʻo kai eʻe. All pili me keia aoao, a kino me Hitler lāhui-ka laula, a me ka pono kīvila. No ka mea waiwai, ka mea, ua kuhikuhi protivokommunistichesky ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. I Iulai 1932, i hai mai i nā hualoaʻa mua: 230 noho hanohano i loko o ka Reichstag ke koho e ku e ia 133 ka Social Democrats a me ka Communists 89.

pa alima

E like me kekahi hapa o ka aoao i ka makahiki 1944, heʻeiwa Angeschlossene Verbände - adjoint kālepa, ehiku Gliederungen der Partei - aoao māhele a me ka eha a papa hana. Uniona kālepa i ua hui ka Nazi Party, mele o nā loio, nā kumu, na kauwa, kauka, technicians, hui kōkua i luahi o ke kaua, nohona pomaikai hui hana mua a me kuikahi pale. Ka mea, e noho ana i loko o ka 'ole o ka aoao kuokoa i ka hoʻolālā me ka loio i kuleana a me ka waiwai.

Pili aupuni 'aoʻao i loko o Kelemania, he mau huahelu: Hitler, ka SS (maluhia koa), ka SA (ʻino troopers), German kaikamahine kālepa, Kumu, nā haumāna, nā wāhine (NS-Frauenschaft), Mechanized mau pūʻali. A papa hana i ua hui i ka aoao o Adolf Hitler, i manawa, akā,ʻaʻole he nui, ia mea: Company Culture, Union o ka nui 'ohana, ka Kelemānia kaiāulu (Deutscher Gemeindetag) a me "E hana ana o Kelemānia wahine" (Das Deutsche Frauenwerk).

hoʻomalu mahele

Germany Ua maheleia i kanakolu-ekolu haawi - aoao āpana, coinciding me na constituencies. Lākou helu māhuahua ma luna o ka manawa: i ka 1941 ka mea, ua 43 Gow, eia kekahi haole hui o ka NSDAP. Gau maheleia i mau apana, a me ka poe - ma ka kūloko lala, etc. - a me na ālai 'halepaahao. Ma ka hihia i hui i ka 60 hale.

Kēlā me kēia 'aoʻaoʻaha hui pa alima alai ae e Gauleiter, krayslyayter a me ka mea e like. Ma ka honua i hana, niioaaonoaaiii, o ka aoao i hoʻomākaukauʻia, i nā luna, he insignia, kūlana a me ka kinona, a decorate ka Nazi hōʻailona. Ke kala buttonholes kuhikuhi i ka wale nô a kulana i loko o ka hui.

na lala

NSDAP e hoolohe ole wale i ko lakou mau aoao nā lālā, akā, i ka mea a me ka allies ma Germany, a ma ka noho'āina. Ma Italia, a hiki i 1943 , Benito Mussolini alakaʻi i ka National Fascist Party (i manaoio aku ia ia i ka cradle o fascism ua pono malaila), a laila, huli i loko o ka Republican Fascist Party. Ma Spain, he mea pono e kaukaʻi ma ka NSDAP Sepania phalange.

I ho'āʻo o like ka hoʻonohonohoʻia i loko o Solowakia, Romania, Croatia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, ka Netherlands, Norway. A me Pelekiuma a me Denmark e noho ana i loko o ka literal ano o ka NSDAP keʻena ma luna o kona mokuna, i Nazi hōʻailona coincide Kokoke loa. It E e kaulana ia a pau o kēia mau Hawaii, kahi i hana mai i ka Nazi Party, komo i loko o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua ma kaʻaoʻao o Kelemania, a ma Soviet noho pio ana, ua nui loa 'elele mai a pau o kēia mau'āina.

make

Ke unconditional hoihoi o ka makahiki 1945 i ka hoopau ana i ka loa brutal o na aoao a pau loa i lawe ia e na kanaka. NSDAP i mea hoʻoheheʻe wale akā, i universally banned, i ka waiwai ua maopopo hopu, hoahewa a hooko aku la i na kumu nui. Eia naʻe, nui kona mau lala o ka aoao nō e hoʻokele i pakele i South America, ka Sepania kia'āina o Franco kōkua i loko o keia ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka moku, a me nā waihona kālā.

Olelo hooholo o ka Anati-fascistʻahahui o Germany loa undergone i ke kaʻina hana o ka denazification, hoa hana o ka NSDAP i oki i pau: hoʻokuʻu mai i ka hooponopono ole mai ka kula - ia mea he uuku loa uku, e uku no ka mea āna i hana ai ma ka'āina o ka fascism.

ka postwar wā

Ma Kelemania, i ka 1964, fascism hoala i kona poo hou. Uaʻikeʻia Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands - National kemokalaka Party o Hawaii, a ua hoʻonoho wale i ka hope a hiki i ka NSDAP. No ka mea manawa mua mai o ka Apana World War, ka Neo-Nazis kokoke i ka Bundestag - 4,3% i loko o ka makahiki 1969 ke koho. A hiki i ka NPD i loko o Kelemania, ua Neo-Nazi, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao, Socialist Reich Party Remer, no kekahi laʻana, akā, ka mea e e kaulana i nui hopena, aole kekahi o lakou i loaʻa ma ke aupuni pekelala kiʻekiʻe.