Obsolete hua'ōlelo a me nā neologisms: examples. Archaisms a neologisms ma Russian

Russian ōlelo mai he mau loa-hoʻololi hua'ōlelo: kekahi mua pinepine, he pono ole unuhi i kēia manawa aneane loa hoʻohana ', a me ka mea' ē aʻe, ma ka mea ku ole, e increasingly hoʻohanaʻia mākou. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka obsolete hua'ōlelo a me nā neologisms i lehulehu, i Hōʻike i ke kūpono 'ana o ka' ōlelo.

Similarʻike manaʻo e pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka loli i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka,: he hou hua'ōlelo ia lŘlŘ me ka muli o ka hou manaʻo, a ina kanaka e ole e huli i kekahi mea a me kŰia, ka mea 'aʻole e hoʻohana i ka manawa i ua hoʻohana' ia i hoʻokohu 'ia ia. Ma kēia 'atikala obsolete hua'ōlelo a mākou noonoo neologisms, examples o ko lākou mau pono, ano a me nā' ano.

Obsolete hua'ōlelo: ka wehewehena

Obsolete hua'ōlelo - mea ia ia ma ka haawi manawa o ka manawa a loa kākaʻikahi hoʻohana 'ia paha i hoʻohana' ia ma nā mea a pau (e like, ma ka lima'ākau, i kaʻu keiki, no ka Red, lehelehe, Commissar).

Obsolescence o nā hua'ōlelo - ia mea he kaʻina hana, nolaila, kekahi mau manaÿo i ia ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Nō i hookuu mai kaʻeleu ana, akā, hoʻohana 'emi pinepine ia ma mua i loko o ka hala, o ka olelo haawiia keia i like "kahiko' ōlelo".

Neologisms a me archaisms i hoʻohana no kekahi mau hana. Ka hope i hoʻohana, no ka laʻana, no ka mea ma ka inoaʻo ka mea a me kaʻike manaʻo,ʻo ia hoʻi, hana nominative kuleana pili i (no ka laʻana, iao? A me ka mōʻaukala hana). Ma na hana o ka fiction Hana me ka mōʻaukala Halaman, ua hua'ōlelo Radio he kūlana nominative-stylistic - ole wale lawelawe 'ana i ka hōʻike i kekahi realities, akā, i hana i kekahiʻono o ke au.

Ma ka palapala, ai 'kikokikona OOAOAaXUEIE hua'ōlelo hiki ke hoʻohana' ia ka hōʻike i ka manawa, i ka wa o ka hana i wahi. Archaisms (a neologisms) e malama me ka mea maoli stylistic manao. Obsolete hua'ōlelo e haawi aku i ke kikokikona o ka halawai, e like me na kumu o ka hōʻike.

Neologisms: 'ike

Mākou pane i ka ninau o ka neologisms, examples, a ho'āʻo e alakai. Mau mea hou, i aole lilo i ka maʻamau, a kama'āina hua'ōlelo. Lākou haku mele 'ana ua mau hoʻololi, kekahi o na neologisms lawe kumu i loko o ka' ōlelo Lūkini, oiai kekahi poe - ole. Ke'ī mai, i ka hua'ōlelo "ukali" ma ka waena o ka 20th kenekulia mea he neologism. Kela a me keia makahiki, i ka Media i hoʻohana na umi o na tausani o ka hou hua'ōlelo a me ka manaÿo, akā, e ole a pau o ia i loko o kela la i keia ana. Kekahi mea hoʻohana wale koke aku i ka olelo a kekahi kikokikona, a me kekahi poe e ae i komo i loko o ka haku mele 'ana a me ka'ōlelo, e like me ka hoʻohana pinepine ae la oia, lilo lākou His. Kekahi hou hua'ōlelo, ai nele i ke ahiahi, komo i ka papa kuhikuhiE lexical dala, koke iho la mai ka pono a me ka mea ua obsolete (ka hopena, no ka mea hoike, i ka 'ōlelo o ka puka paha-hoʻokahuli aupuni makahiki: muli o ka hoʻonaʻauao, zhendelegatka, delovod, kerenki).

Nā Papahana O Ka hou hua'ōlelo

Obsolete hua'ōlelo a me nā neologisms Lūkini'ōlelo - he loa hana hoihoi kŰia. No akamai e ike pehea ka mea, he manaʻo hou. Ka mea ana i loko o kekahi mau aoao:

- i ke kahua o lexical neologism (hou manawa) mai ka na i loko o ka 'ōlelo morphemes a me nā'ōlelo ma luna o na Ke Ana Hoʻohālike: drywall, kipaku aku, he'ōnohi puluniu;

- i lawekahikiʻia ka inoa haole mai, me ka hope kahua o kona hou 'ōlelo i nei Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka olelo ho okumu: ka mīkiniʻimi, scan, scan;

- i ke kahua o ka hou lexical manaʻo o kekahi manawa i loko o ka 'ōlelo (i loko o keia ano o ka olelo i kapaia semantic neologisms), ka hoʻomakaʻana i loko, a me ma Hahai I i nā manaʻo o nā hua'ōlelo i loko o kekahi' ōlelo: iole - keia mea mea no ka kamepiula hoʻokomo 'ike, a me ka holoholona; Winchester - keia mea no ka ho'āhu 'ike i loko o ka lolouila, a me ka pu;

- i ke kahua o kekahi hale lio ana me ka hou cia (me ka kumumea): motherboard, he paakiki holo.

Archaisms a me historicism

Iwaena o disused hua'ōlelo kaʻawale archaisms a me historicism. Obsolete hua'ōlelo a me nā neologisms, examples o i i heluʻia i loko o kēia 'atikala, i he okoa hopena.

Ua hoʻoholo lākou hoʻohana 'ana i ka olelo, i "makahiki": kapa nui, e pōʻino manaÿo a me nā hua'ōlelo mai i kona makahiki no kenekulia, oiai kekahi poe i loa hookeai archaizing, hoʻohana' ia e like me ka mea ia lakou iho mākou ana, i nā ikepili haawiia i na olelo nalo. No ka laʻana, ka hoʻonaʻauao aupuni e ma ko kakou aina i loli, a no ia mea, o ka olelo aku la, hua'ōlelo e like me me lede, Institute no Noble wahine, schoolgirl, Ouji (i loko o ka manaʻo o "haumāna kula haumāna").

Ka manaʻo o "historicism"

Ua nalowale? aaiuo inoa manaÿo, mea a me nāʻike manaʻo o ka olelo i kapaia o historicism. A pau o ka mea ma luna hua'ōlelo i kapa ia ia. Mau olelo lilo ai i loko o kā mākou 'ōlelo, ka kūikawā kulana, no ka mea, he poe wale hoʻailona o obsolete' ikamu. I historicism, nolaila, aole hiki e ole synonyms. Ma na hana o ke akamai, mōʻaukala moʻokalaleo, ka mea e inevitably hana i ka hala o na kanaka, e like me ka mea kokua i ka reconstitutedʻono o ka ua'āina. Mau olelo e haawi aku i ka ano o ka mōʻaukala pono o ka mua ano.

Penei, historicism - i nā'ōlelo a pau a makou i oki ia e hoʻohana 'ma muli o ia i ka mea e ku ka mea, no ka mea kŰia nalowale a me ka' ikamu: kapa, bursa, posadnik. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'iaʻano nui i loko o nā haʻawina likeʻole hōʻike no ka hala (nā hana noʻeau a me kaʻepekema).

Ka manaʻo o "archaism"

Archaisms - hua'ōlelo mea i haule i loko o ka OE palena pau no ka mea, haawiia i,? Ueony a me keia la i kaʻike manaʻo, mea a me ka manaÿo he mea hou inoa. Hoomaopopoʻano o ia, ke kaumaha ma muli i ke ano o ke ano o ka olelo o mai o ka lā:

- lexical, ina o ka olelo o mai o ka lā, a hou hoʻohana i ke kani-palapala eiiieaena, a me ka waiwai ua manawa haawiia i ka mea hou o ka mokuna o ka hua'ōlelo hou;

- semantic - i loko o ka hihia ma ka olelo i koe, akā, ka mea i nalowale kekahi waiwai a oi o ia ( "opu loloa") ma ka 'ōlelo kēia;

- phonetic - ina e hoʻololi i ke kinona o ke kani ana o ka makahiki, lewa ma kona palapala ( "he umikumamawalu makahiki");

- olelo-ho okumu - wā obsolete wale derivational 'ole o ka olelo ( "dripping make");

- grammar - ina mai o ka i kekahi grammatical 'ano apau loa.

Archaisms kekahi meaʻano nui mai ka historicismʻaʻoheʻokoʻa. Inā ka hope - i na inoa o kekahi mua kanaka, ka mua - mua inoa, he pono ole manaÿo a me kaʻike manaʻo i ke kaua ma ka maʻamau o ke ola.

'ano o nā archaisms

Mawaena o na archaisms ke hoomaopopo ho'ākāka pūʻulu o nā hua'ōlelo. mea okoa, mai kā lākou mau i hoʻohana synonyms o ka papa hiʻona ma o ka leo kekahi o ia mau mea, kani ana nepolnoglasnymi (opiopio - kahiko, gula - gula, kulanakauhale - ka huahekili Beach - Breg, poʻo nui - Vrana, i ka lua o ka'ōlelo i loko o ka ikepili hui kani archaic). Kēia mau hua'ōlelo i kapaia obsolete phonetic archaisms. Mau nā hua'ōlelo e like me klob (laau ma ke kēia hua'ōlelo) i heluʻia (helu), Stora (pale), goshpital (haukapila) a me nā OOAOAaXUEE hua'ōlelo a me nä hopuna i loko o ka 'ōlelo Lūkini, a e loaʻa i loko o kākau a me nā haku mele o ka 19th kenekulia hiki. Mai ko lakou "ka loaʻaʻana", ka mea pinepine oko i loko o hoʻokahi wale nō kani, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa - he mau o ia i kēia manawa obsolete paha makau kuhohonu ana.

E like me 'oe ke ike mai i ka hoailona, disused hua'ōlelo mea okoa degere o kona archaic: kekahi mau hua'ōlelo i no hoʻohana ma o ka'ōlelo, e like me ka haku mele, a ua ike ia mai'ē aʻe wale nō ma luna o ka hana o ka moʻokalaleo o ke kenekulia i hala iho nei. Aia nō ka poʻe i keia la ka mea poina.

A loa hana hoihoi kŰia - ka archaism o kekahi manaʻo o ka hua'ōlelo.

I ka hopena o ia mea o ka muli o ka manaʻo, a me semantic, archaisms, oa hua'ōlelo mea i hoʻohana i loko o ka obsolete, hana no mākou. Ko lakou ike kōkua i maopopo i ka'ōleloʻoiaʻiʻo o ka panina moʻokalaleo.

Pehea nā neologisms

Mākou i mua mai la i ka ninau e pili ana i ka neologisms, examples o i i kākau i nāʻia mākou ma luna. Ano, loaʻa mai mākou pehea eʻikea au i loko o ka 'ōlelo Lūkini. He aha hele koke: archaisms a me neologisms? E ka maka ia.

I ka uku o ka helehelena o ka mea e lauwili papa o ka hua'ōlelo, obsolete hua'ōlelo a me nā neologisms, examples o i i manaoia ma keia Haawina. Nui hou, pili a me ka wikiwiki i ke kaʻina hana o ka replenishment o ka hou 'ōlelo lexical haku mele' ana. Ma nā makahiki, ka hola 15-20 makahiki, he ua, ua loli nui i loko o ka moʻolelo o ko mākou'āina, a ua lewa 'ana ma luna o ka moku'āina o Lūkini hua'ōlelo. Ma neologisms iʻikeʻia i kēia manawa, nā ia ka hoʻonaʻauao, a i ole nei ma mua,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo, akā, i loko o nā mea a pau nā wahi o kona hoʻohana (ia kenekoa a me ka pilina olelo, ooieoeiiaeuiiai styles). Wale me ka ka kūkuluʻana i loko o ka hua'ōlelo komo pū hua'ōlelo e like me Agrobank (oa aina kae), corporatization (loli i hui-kumukūʻai poe o ka moku'āina hana ma ka issuance a me ka kuai ana i kekahi mau laau), helu wahi (kakau i ka kekahi pūʻulu o kanaka), antirynochnik (oa hoʻololi hoa paio i ka market hoʻokele waiwai), e like me hyperinflation (emi ka waiwai o ke kālā, he hoʻomaka koke e ulu ana a me ka hooweliweli aneiai'opi) a me kekahi mau mea e ae.

'ano o nā neologisms

E like me 'oe ke ike, obsolete hua'ōlelo Akä naÿe no nä me neologisms. New hua'ōlelo huahelu i loko o kona formedness i kekahi hookahi hua'ōlelo (lesseeship, Anati-Stalinism, audiotape, ATM, nā koa i) a hui inoa (UFO - UFO, ilihune laina - i kekahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pomaikai o ka lehulehu, ina i ka palena haʻahaʻa nui o ka hokii, o kumu o nā waiwai a pau).

Oia neologisms i manaoia e e lexical. Ua hiki e kaulana nei o ka hopuna'ōlelo e i lānai hou ka pukaʻana mea hānai pu ana o ka olelo, no ka kekahi laʻana: e ai i ka pai kaomi (i ua, e hoʻomaka i ka hou pai o ka pepa kālā, i ua ole i hoakaka ia ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waiwai), kau noodles ma ka pepeiao (ke ano, "e hoʻolauna kekahi i hewa" ) a me na mea e ae.

Lexical a phraseological neologisms i idioms, hui hua'ōlelo a me nā hua'ōlelo.

Lau pūʻulu o neologisms

E like me 'oe ke ike, i ka mana o ka obsolete hua'ōlelo a me nā neologisms eʻokoʻa. Ma ke kūlana o ka mea mua i mua mākou i oleloia. i nā hua'ōlelo hou a pau ma luna o ka mea hiki ke maheleia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu eha.

Ka mua o kēia mai nā 'o ka inoa o ka manaÿo a me realities, a mamua i loko o ke ola ana o na kanaka i i nei: revivalists - na ukali o Lūkini feria-patriotic neʻe, e imi ana e hoʻomaha i kona ae mai - kekahi hāʻawi, ho i keʻano o nā kālā kākoʻo no ka' epekema noiʻi a me na mea e ae.

I ka lua o ka pūʻulu o neologisms hana e weheweheʻike manaʻo ua lawe wahi ma ka lehulehu ke ola, akā,ʻaʻole i loaa no kekahi kumu, e like me ideological, kā lākou designations: vozvraschenets - makemake hoi mai, mai ke pioʻana i kā lākou mau'āina, ai '-Hookolokolo - i mea ma waho o ka hana ana, Lenin, kauoha-bureaucratic ¶ AL.

Ke kolu o ka pūʻulu ninoieo a kuhikuhi ana a hiki i ka ike maopopo, ma ka makemake o ke ola mai nei, akā, hiki ma ka fantasiesʻana i loko o ka hou ana o ka 'ike loea hou a me ka' epekema: spaceship, nukelea hooilo, he cyborg.

Ke ha a me ka hope pūʻulu oia hoi o lexical 'ikamu, nānā me hua'ōlelo me ka kekahi lexical manaʻo. Mau nā ideographic (piha) synonyms,'ālike ma ka waihoʻoluʻu a me stylistic waiwai: noʻonoʻo - kaumaha, statist - statists, Home Land - fateful, kokoke e slavish subservience - affirmatively.

Mezhstilevaya a nona i ka kekahi kaila o ka olelo, neologisms

Neologisms no ka hoʻohana i loko o ke kula eʻano nui mezhstilevaya, i ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o nā mea a pau styles o ka olelo (Intergirl, kiʻi, hihia, yogurt, kaawale, ka lokomaikai hoi o-kemokalaka, lāʻau trafficking, i waena o-kae). Eia naʻe, he kekahi hapa o ko lākou auaneʻiʻoukou mau kaila: publicistic (deviant, rollback, lāʻau haku, integrator, koena), Ho oholo Wae (biolokator aura,'okikene kolu puka, radioecology, clone) pāʻoihana (kanaka kūʻai lāʻauʻino depositary maoli monopoly) a olelo (xero, lepo, dala, hoopunipuni, ino pomaikai, i hoka ai).

Mākou ia i ka ninau e pili ana i ka mea obsolete hua'ōlelo a me nā neologisms. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o kēia hiki 'ai pono i ka mea okoa, i loko o kēia' atikala i helu kekahi wale no ia. I ka mea, o ka poe a me kekahi poe e ae ho i ka nui kino 'ōlelo. Aia nō i kūikawā puke wehewehe, e hiki ke loaʻa nā examples o obsolete hua'ōlelo a me nā neologisms.