Old hua'ōlelo a me kā lākou mau manaʻo. Ke kumukuai o ka wa kahiko Lūkini hua'ōlelo

Vocabulary - he ohi ana i na olelo a pau a mākou hana. A hookaawale pūʻulu i loko o ka huaÿölelo Pelekane hiki ke noʻonoʻo kahiko hua'ōlelo. Ka mea, i loko o ka Lūkini'ōlelo i ka puu, a me ka mea e pili ana i kekahi mōʻaukala manawa.

He aha ka kaʻohi hua olelo

No ka 'ōlelo o ka integral hapa o ka moolelo o na kanaka, a me na olelo e i hoʻohana' ia ma kēia 'ōlelo i ka mōʻaukala nui. Old hua'ōlelo a me kā lākou mau manaʻo ke haʻi aku i ka puu e pili ana i ka hanana hanaia i loko o ke ola ana o na kanaka i loko o ka ua au a me kekahi o ia poe o ka nui. Old a 'oi, ka mea,ʻaʻole' Imi hoʻohana 'ia o nā hua'ōlelo i loko o mākou manawa, akā, makana i loko o ka hua'ōlelo hou ana o na kanaka, i kākau i loko o puke wehewehe a me ka pili mau buke. Pinepine ka mea, hiki ke loaʻa i loko o na hana o ke akamai.

No ka laʻana, ma ka poem Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, heluhelu mākou i nā kēia e hooholo ia:

"Ke kanaka ikaika keikikane,

Me nā hoa ma kiʻekiʻe Gridnitsa

Vladimir lā-ahaaina,

Puu uuku kaikamahine ana i haawi ai

No ka mea koa luna Ruslan ".

Eia ka ka hua'ōlelo "Gridnitsa". Ano ka mea, aole ia i hana, akā, i loko o ke au o Prince Vladimir, ano o ia mea he nui maluna, ma i ke alii me kona mau aliʻi i hoʻonohonoho ai Kuʻu a me nāʻahaʻaina.

historicism

Old hua'ōlelo a me kā lākou mau inoa i keʻano. E like me kānakaʻepekema, ka mea, ua mahele ia i loko o nui pūʻulu elua.

Historicism - hua'ōlelo i i kēia manawa 'Imi hoʻohana no ka mea, i hele mai mai o ka pono o ka manaÿo ka mea, ho mea. No ka laʻana, "kapa", "eke" kapa kila "archaisms, etc. - i kēia mau mea i nā hua'ōlelo i Kû ke manaÿo kama'āina iā mākou i loko o nā'ōlelo, no ka mea hoike, i ka waha -. Lips, pāpālina - pāpālina,'ā'ī o -'ā'ī.

I keia la ka olelo, e like me ka rula, ka mea, i ole ia. Akamai olelo a me kā lākou mau manaʻo, i na mea he nui e ike ole, no ko kakou maʻamau o olelo i ole typical. Akā, ka mea e mai nalo makemake obsolete. Historicism a archaisms kākau hoʻohana 'ana i kaʻoiaʻiʻo hōʻike e pili ana i ka hala o na kanaka, ma keia mau olelo ka mea, hoolilo aku i kaʻono o ka'āina. Historicism hiki kaʻoiaʻiʻo hōʻike iā mākou e pili ana i kekahi mea e hiki koke aku i loko o ka 'ē aʻe manawa ma ko kakou aina.

archaisms

Haʻalele historicism archaisms ho i kaʻike manaʻo i ke kaua ana ma ke kālā no ke ola. Kēia akamai olelo, a me kā lākou mau manaʻo mai i oko mai o ka mau no mākou i nā hua'ōlelo, wale ka mea, puhiʻokoʻa. Archaisms iʻokoʻa. Aia no ka poe i okoa maʻamau olelo mai e kekahi mau hiʻona o ka pela a me ka puana. No ka laʻana, ka huahekili, a me ke kulanakauhale, ke gula, a me ke gula Mlada - opiopio. He phonetic archaisms. Ma ka 19th kenekulia, ua nui loa ia mau olelo. It klob (laau), Stora (pale).

Aia o kekahi pūʻulu o archaisms me OOAOAaXUEIE suffixes, e like me Muzeum (iau), kōkua (kōkua), lawaia (lawaiʻa). Loa pinepine mākou halawai lexical archaisms, no ka mea hoike, i ka maka - ka maka, lima'ākau - lima'ākau Shuitsev - lima hema.

Like historicism, archaisms mea hoʻohana e hana i kekahi kūikawā honua i loko o fiction. No laila, Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin pinepine hoʻohana archaic 'ōlelo, e haawi aku i kana mau hana pathos. Keia ua maopopo ia manaʻo ma ka poem "Ka kaula".

Words o Makamua Rus

Makamua Rus, manawalea nui o kēia moʻomeheu. Akā, laila, aia ua kekahi mau 'lexical' ia, i kekahi o na olelo o ka i i ua malamaia ma ka kēia Lūkini 'ōlelo. A me ka mea i hoʻohana i nā mea a pau kekahi. Old obsolete Russian hua'ōlelo o ke au hāʻawi iā mākou i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ke kumu o nā 'ōlelo East Slavic.

No ka laʻana, kahiko hōʻino. Kekahi o ia mau loa pololei kona mau manaʻo no ka hopena maikaʻi 'ano o ke kanaka. Joe E puhiʻoukou - talker, Ruhm - crybaby Tolokonov lae - he, zahuhrya naʻaupō - disheveled kanaka.

Ke kumukuai o ka wa kahiko Lūkini hua'ōlelo i kekahi manawa oko mai kekahi kumu aiee i loko o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia 'ōlelo. Mākou a pau i ka hua'ōlelo "siganut" a me ka "whitefish", ka mea, ke ano o ka kokololio neʻeʻana i loko o ka lewa. Old Russian hua'ōlelo "sig" ke ano o ka mea uuku pa alima o ka manawa ana. I kekahi MiG na 160 whitefish. Ka nui ana nā loina i manaoia "hou mamao", i mea like me 1, 4 malamalama-makahiki.

Makamua hua'ōlelo a me kā lākou mau manaʻo i kūkākūkāʻia e kānakaʻepekema. Makamua malihini i manaoia na inoa i i hoʻohana i kahiko Rusia. No ka malihini i ua i waho ma ka walu a me ka iwa o ka kenekulia i loko o Rusia i laweia mai, mai na ¶ʻO'Araba Caliphate, hoʻohana i ka inoa "Coon", "nogata" a me ka "kua". Laila, aia nō i ka mea mua Lūkini malihini - ia zlatniki a me nā'āpana o ke kala.

Obsolete'ōlelo mai ka 12th a me ka 13th kenekulia

Mālama '-Mongol manawa i loko o Rusia, 12-13 kenekulia, wehewehe aku ma ka hooulu ana o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, i i laila, kapa kuhikuhipuʻuone. Pakahi, a ua laila he ahu iho la ka ÷ lelo hou pili i ka kukulu ana a me ka hana o ka hale. Kekahi o na olelo i laila ka pukaʻana i loko o ka 'ōlelo kēia, akā, ua loli ka waiwai o ka mea kahiko Lūkini hua'ōlelo no nā mea a pau i kēia manawa.

Ke kumu o ke ola ana o Rusia ma ka 12th kenekulia ua he pā, i i laila, i kapaʻia "Detinets". A iki ma hope, ma ka 14th kenekulia, i ka makahiki 'Kremlin', a i laila kekahi Kû ke kulanakauhale. Ka hua'ōlelo "Kremlin" makemake e he laʻana o pehea e hoʻololi kahiko obsolete Lūkini hua'ōlelo. Inā ka Kremlin o kekahi, o ka noho ana o ke poo o ka moku'āina, laila kremlins ua nui loa.

I ka 11th, a 12th kenekulia i loko o Rusia, e kūkulu kūlanakauhale a me nā hale aliʻi o ka lāʻau. Akā, ka mea hiki ole ke ku imua o ka hae o ka Mongol-Tatars. Ka Mongols, e hele mai ana e lanakila i ka honua, e kekahi laau hūlili. Ku pohaku kulanakauhale o Novgorod a me Pskov. No ka mea manawa mua i ka hua'ōlelo "Kremlin"ʻia i loko o ka Tverʻoihana i loko o 1317. He synonymous me kahiko hua'ōlelo "kremnik". A laila, ua kūkuluʻia ka mea, Kremlin ma Moscow, Tula a me Kolomna.

Social a aesthetic kūlana o archaisms ma ka panina moʻokalaleo

Makamua hua'ōlelo, ke kūkākūkā o ka i ua pinepine i loaʻa ma ka 'epekema' atikala, pinepine hoʻohana ma Lūkini moʻolelo, e hana i ko lakou olelo hou expressive hana noʻeau. Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin i loko o kona 'atikala ho'ākāka' ia ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hanaia'na o ka "Boris Godunov": "I hoao e koho i ka 'ōlelo' ana o ka manawa."

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov i pili i loko o kāna hanaʻana i nā hua'ōlelo kahiko a me kā lākou mau manaʻo, Noord-pono i na realities o ka manawa, mai kahi a lakou i hoopio mai. Ka loa kahiko hua'ōlelo hou i loko o kona hana "The Song no Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich." Kēia, no ka laʻana, "Veda", "e, e goy esi" Ali. " No hoi, kakau iho la Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky hana ma i na kahiko olelo. Kēia "Dmitry ka Pretender", "Voivod", "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk".

Ke kūlana o nā hua'ōlelo o ka mea hope ana nou ma Contemporary moʻokalaleo

Archaisms noho hanohano i loko o ka moʻokalaleo o ka 20th kenekulia. Hoole i ka hana kaulana ma Ilf a me Petrov "ka umikumamalua noho". Eia, na olelo kahiko, a me kā lākou manaʻo i ke kiʻiona, Humorous leo.

No ka laʻana, ma ka hōʻike no nā kipa Ostap Bender kauhale Vasyuki loaʻa ka hopuna'ōlelo "kekahi-maka kanaka i i lawe i kona maka wale nō me ka grossmeysterovoy kāmaʻa." Hoʻohana 'ia Church Slavonic archaisms waihoʻoluʻu, a ma kekahi Episode: "Makua Fyodor ua pololi iho la ia. Aʻu i makemake ia ia i ka waiwai. "

Stylistic hewa ka wā hoʻohana historicism a me archaisms

Historicism a archaisms hiki loa embellish fiction, akā, kā lākou inept hoÿohana i ka poe akaaka. Makamua hua'ōlelo, ke kūkākūkā o ka i mea he nui loa i'ō pinepine, e like me ka rula, hiki ole ke ia ma ka maʻamau o ka olelo. Inā e hoʻomaka e noi ana i ka passerby: "No ke aha la ka hooilo hamama ai o oe," ka mea, aole maopopo ole oe (Ua haawiia i ka'ā'ī).

Ma kekahi nupepa olelo loaʻa i kūpono 'ana o ke historicism a me archaisms. No ka laʻana: ", ke poʻokumu privechayut opiopio na kumu, ka poe i hele mai e hana" Ka hua'ōlelo "ʻAʻole haʻalele" Ua synonymous me ka hua'ōlelo "hookipa ana". I kekahi manawa, e hoʻokomo i loko o kā lākou mau mele archaisms haumāna, a pela mai e kaumaha aku i ka loa a me ka ike i absurd. No kekahi laʻana: "Olga hele mai holo i loko o ka waimaka, a hai aku la ia Tatiana Ivanovna no ke kūamuamu." Nolaila, ina e makemake e hoʻohana i ka elemakule olelo, ano, ka hoohalike ana, ke ano, ka mea pono e loa ike ia oe.

Obsolete hua'ōlelo Fantasy a me ka 'epekema fiction

Ua noa ike i loaa nui hiʻona i loko o mākou manawa e like Huli i like Fantasy a me ka 'epekema fiction. Ua huli mai ia i loko o ka Fantasy ano moʻokalaleo Ke hana, kahiko hua'ōlelo i hoʻomano hoʻohana ', a me kā lākou mau manaʻo mea,ʻaʻole mau ike i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia mea heluhelu.

Manaÿo e like me "hae" a me ka "manamana lima", i ka mea heluhelu ke hoomaopopo. Akā, i kekahi manawa, ua oi luna 'hua'ōlelo e like me "Caumont" a me ka "inculcate". Au pono aku nei au i no ka luna hoʻopuka mai i mau'āpono o excessive pono o archaisms. Akā, he mau hana i loko i nā kākau i historicism a me archaisms i hoʻohana ana. Ua hana mai ka hopena ua "Slavic Fantasy." No ka laʻana, na novels o Maria Stepanova 'Valkyrie', Tatiana Korostyshevsky "makuwahine o nā makaniʻehā," Maria Semenova "Wolfhound", Denis Novozhilov "Aole loa loa aku aupuni. Ke kaua no ka noho aliʻi. "