Orleans, France: History a me ka mea makau

Orleans, France - kekahi o na kulanakauhale loa kahiko i loko o ka mua ana o ka lua nui ma ka aina, lanakila kaulana ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia, a i alai ai ma ka Joan kaulana o piʻo. Ano, i ke kūlanakauhale o ke kumu nui hanalima, ka waina a me ka mea ala mawaena konu o Farani. Ua,ʻo iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me kona waiwai mōʻaukala a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i.

History Orleans

Nā Mamua o nā kūlanakauhale i na ohana o ka Gauls, nana i kukulu ia i ka awa ma ke Loire River, a hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka waiwai, a me ka halihali konu o Farani. Eia naʻe, i loko o 52 BC. e ka. ka mea i lukuʻia i ka Roma poe koa alakai e Yuliem Tsezarem.

Hou Orleans i 200 makahiki, ka wā i hele ai i ka mana, i ka Auguseto Mark Avrely, ma hope a haawi mai la ia i ka inoa Avrelianuma (1275). Kēia inoa mea ua 17 kenekulia, oiai i, ma muli o ke phonetic loli i loko o ka 'ōlelo Ua heluheluʻo ia me Orleans (France).

Ma hope iho o ka haule ana o ka Roma aupuni a pau Avrelianum lilo i ke kapikala o ke aupuni, a he mau haneri makahiki - ke kapikala o ke duchy, alii iho la oia ma ka hanauna o ka Palani mō'ī.

Orleans Leeuwerikplein henua i koho ma muli i ke koke a hiki i ka muliwai oihana? Ooia ma i moku i lawe mai ai i Farani waiwai mai a puni ka honua. A laila, ua ma ka aina maloo, ka mea hele i Paris, Aia wale 100 ei mai ke kulanakauhale.

Over ke kenekulia i hala iho nei, Orleans Ua Hoomau pinepine malalo i ka ho'āhewa wale a me na kaua, a ma ka VI. i 38 makahiki i lilo i ka haipule iwaena konu o ka aina, no ka ekalesia aha hookolokolo (kahuna Meeting) paa 'aneʻi. No kekahi manawa i lilo ma hope o ka mahele o ke Frankish moku'āina kulanakauhale i ke kapikala o ke aupuni o ke Orleans. Mai X ma. ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo pono i ke kulanakauhale lua ma Farani, lua o ka wahi ma ka mea nui wale i Paris.

Kekahi o nā hananaʻano nui i wahi i loko o ka XIII kenekulia. - i ka loaʻa o ke kulanui, no laila, ua lilo ka 'epekema mawaena konu o Farani i ke kulanakauhale.

Orleans ma ka Middle Ages a me ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX kenekulia.

Ma ka XV kenekulia. Ka Orleans ua he nui kekahi hanana, haʻalele he kumumea i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Farani a me Enelani nei, ia meaʻaneʻi ia ma luna o ke kaua 100-makahiki ma waena o nā aupuniʻelua i ke aloha i ka poʻe hao wale, ka mea i alakai i ka Joan o piʻo, e lanakila ma keia confrontation, ma hope i kona loaa i ka honorary inoa o "Ka ke kaikamahine o Orleans" .

Kekahi Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou lā i loko o Farani mōʻaukala, akā, oi lono kaumaha - i ka 1572 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, aia ua kekahi St. Baretolomaio ka Night, i lilo hope haipule kaua ma waena o Kakolika, a Huguenots. I ka po, iʻaneʻi i make ai i kaʻino make aneane 1 tausani. Huguenots.

Kekahi hoopuni ana i ke kulanakauhale, ua hoano e ia ma ka 1870s, a ua hope pio ma ka Prussian kaua.

E hoʻi ka mana i ka Bourbon aliʻi

Ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX kenekulia. ke aupuni ke Akua i wae e nui mōʻaukala au i na ino: ma hope o ka haule ana o Napoleon hoi i ka mana, i ke aliʻi o nā Bourbons. Ua keʻakeʻa kēia kaʻina wā Napoleon pakele mai Elba, kahi ia mea i loko o ke pio, ho'āʻo ana e hoʻi i ka mana. Eia naʻe, i pau ai 100-lā o kona noho alii ana me ke pio ana, ua hanaia mai ka hoʻohui pūʻia poe koa o 'Enelani a me Prussia ma ke kaua o Waterloo. Ma hope iho o ia, i a hoʻokuewa wale 'Napoleon i St. Helena.

E hoʻomaka ana mai ka 1814 i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Hoʻihoʻi Ea ke kahua hoʻomaka ma Farani, a me ka Bourbon Orleans. Ma mua mai a hiki i ka mana Lyudovik XVIII, laila - Charles X, o kona kaikaina, ka poe i hana i ka 1792 i ka First PalaniʻOiʻenehana, King nana i lawe mai Louis XVI. Kēia au o ka manawa i okoa malu nā kaiapili a me ka'āina lā, i ke komo mua adherents Napoleon a Republicans lehulehu.

Lyudovik XVIII Ua nui ia ma ka makahiki, alaila, haalele iho ua hoʻololiʻia ke Kanawai Kivila, a me ka hoʻomalu 'ole o ka moku'āina, ia ia i aponoia e ke Farani Kumukanawai, kuluma kāna' ōlelo Pelekānia.

i manao e paipai i kaʻoi loa Party ke aupuni kia Charles X i, akā, mai 1827, ma hope o ke koho ana, hoomaka ae la ka Liberal (KS) e hōʻea i kaʻAha Kuhina pou. Ma Palani, ka Bourbons a me ka Orleans i ka pilikia, kena ae la ma ka pololei ole kuwaho o ke aupuni, a me ka eha ma ka naau o ka ano o kanaka, i alakai aku ai i kekahi kipi (8 papa ua këia i nā haʻawina o ka mōʻaukala) i.

ʻOiʻenehana o ka makahiki 1830,

July 1830 ia i ke kipi i loko o Paris, i a Charles X i lukuʻia, a ma kona wahi e noho ana ka hope Palani Korol Lui Philippe I, Duke o Orleans (ka inoa lawe me 1800).

Palani a me ka Bourbon Orleans, mai kaʻOiʻenehana a hiki i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1848 hahai ma hope o ka manao o ka mihi o ka Palapala (1830), i malama ia e like me ke kumu no ka haipule like, ka reorganization o ka'ōnaehana hoʻokoho kānāwai, a me ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka aoao o ke aliʻi mana. Lui Filipp ma keia manao i popularly inoa kapakapa "kamaaina wau ke aliʻi". Ma ka hahai i kona noho aliʻi ma ka instability i loko o ka nohona ola ana o ka aina, nui hoohalua ana o kona mau hoa mokomoko, Republicanʻo Libena, a me ka hoao ana i kona wa i olaʻi.

Ke kulana o ka poe ilihune ma Farani, a me ka Bourbon Orleans, mai kaʻOiʻenehana o ka makahiki 1830, a me ka ua i loli: ma hope o ka waiwai loaa i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 1840s i hele mai i ka recession, hoomaka ae la e mahuahua ka nele, ka impoverishment o na hana hoomau mai. E hoʻomaka ana mai ka 1846, i ke aupuni o ka hoʻokele waiwai mai kaumaha, pu ma kua'āina unrest. Pepeluali 1848 i koho ma ka kukulu ana o barricades i loko o nā alanui o Paris, a me nā kaulana unrest, e like me ka ua i ka hoʻomaka o ka Repubalika elua. Holo aku la ke alii Lui Filipp iʻEnelani,ʻo ia abdicated.

Hoihoi Orleans ma hope o ke kaua

Iloko o ka Mahele World War i ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1940 a hiki i ka makahiki 1944ʻo ia i loko o nā lima o ka poʻe hao wale Nazi. I ka manawa o kana kala, i ka US Air Max ua pau bombed kulanakauhale oaio i luku loa o nā hale a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i.

No laila, ma ka lāʻau kū-kaua makahiki, i kukulu hou ia na mea he nui i na hale, e like me ka wa kahiko, i ke kumuhana, a kauōʻia mai ana ka malama ana estilo, akā, e lawe i ka mooolelo laekahi amo? Iae.

Orleans, France Hawaii

Kekahi o nā hōʻailona o nā makaainana manaoio Orleans Jeanne d'piʻo, i loko o kēia kūlanakauhale i lilo kaulana me ke koa, a me ka uwa maila, ai ka hapanui o na Hawaii o ke kulanakauhale, ua hoʻolaʻa 'ia iā ia.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE Hale Pule Nui o Orleans (Farani) - St. Croix, kūkuluʻia i loko o ka XIV kenekulia. ma ka Mohai o ka Paris-Notre Dame. Ua Ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka kahua o ka luakini, kahi i Joan o piʻo kaulana ka lanakila a me ka poe koa, a me na makaainana. Ma kaʻaoʻao hikina o ka mea helehelena o ka luakini ua i loko o ka Kokika kaila, ma ke komohana, - i loko o ka loa okoa, Romanesque. A no ka mea, o ka luku ia i ka 1568 Huguenot kipi. Iloko o ka XVI-XIX kenekulia, i kūkulu hou i ka Hale Pule Nui, i ka mea i huli i ka pono okoa nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka poʻe e uhau ana. Ka loa hou i kukulu bele hale kiai, mai a, i ke aloha i kona kiekie o 80 m, nani nānaina o ke kulanakauhale holoʻokoʻa. I kohuia aniani puka makani o ka Hale Pule Nui kahaki ii ke ola moolelo o kekahi kaikamahine nāna lākou i hoʻopakele i ke kūlanakauhale, mai ka pua ana.

Ma ke kikowaena huinahalike he mea he kia hoʻomanaʻo Martrois E ke kaikamahine o Orleans (sculptor E. Fuat), aʻaʻole loa mai ia - he iau hoʻolaʻa iā ia nae. Ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i kūkulu i ka MH 1855 ma ka wahi o ka wa kahiko i luku ai i ke kipi, hoolei mai Pelekāne pūkuniahi obsolete, a kahiko me ka bas-ke kanaaho depicting na hana o Jeanne.

, который занимается сбором всех документов, которые имеют отношение к ее жизни. Ka Orleans mai 1974 ka mea, he Center no Joan o piʻo, a 'ohi i nā mea a pau i ka palapala i ka mea e hana i kona ola.

Orleans Museum

Kekahi o na Hawaii o ke kulanakauhale, ia ma ka inoa o Jean d'piʻo - ka mua hale o ke Duke o Orleans, kahi ana i noho ai no kekahi mau lā i loko o 1429 ma hope o? Aeiino?ʻaneʻi mea he Hale o ka mōʻaukala o Farani, a ua kapaia o ka "Hale o Joan o piʻo", a'ōlelo mai e pili ana i E ke kaikamahine o Orleans ola mai ka hānauʻana i loko o kekahi o na kauhale o Lorraine mua o ka hooko. Kekahi o nā ho'āʻoʻia ke kamailio ana no ka hoopuni ana o ke kulanakauhale i ka 1429, kaua nā hōʻike hoolaa i ka Middle Ages.

Historical a hulikoehana Museum hana mai ka makahiki 1823 a me ka hōʻike malihini i ka loaʻa mai o ka Gallo-Roma au (i ka ohi ana o artifacts mai ke keleawe Age), loaa ma archaeologists i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XIX ke kenekulia., E like me ka pono me waiū i ka Middle Ages a me ka pakebona. Ke iau wiwoʻole kekahiʻano o handicrafts a me kiʻi kaula. Ua Ua neo? Aaiiai? I loko o ka hookahi hale Kabyu, ka mea hookahi i kapaia o ka House o Diane de Ka Poitiers.

Kekahi o ka loa maikai na hale ma Orleans (Farani) - Groslo hale, kūkuluʻia i loko o ke kaila o Burgundy, "Towers" i loko o ka XVI kenekulia. kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Du Serso. No kekahi manawa i noho ai kekahi alii François II, a me ia i ke kipi ana o ka Meia ka oihana ke aupuni '. Nā interiors a me nāʻoihana e waiho ua hoʻololiʻia.

Museum o Paheona Arts makana i ka hana o ka 'ōlelo Palani a me Europa, haku o ka pena, kiʻi kaula, lako a me nā ipu, a me ka moʻo o ka hana ma Artists o XVII-XIX kenekulia. pastels (noʻonoʻo i ka lua o ka nui loa ohi ma hope o ka Louvre). Aia nā lumi o Art Nouveau a me ke kālā, pinepine na Lehulehu nā hōʻike.

Royal Bridge ma luna o ka Loire - o kekahi o na Hawaii o Orleans (Farani) - kūkuluʻia ma luna o nā kauoha o King George ka 5th, a ua aloha no ia ia e hele, a loaa ia i ke kulanakauhale. Ua hoʻohuiʻia ka mokuna o Farani nui loa muliwai, i ke ola ana o ka i pili i ka moʻolelo a me ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ke aupuni. I kēia o ka wā'ōpiopio ua hoʻohana 'ana i kēia wahi no ka ahiahi Oe Ke Ike ma ke kulanakauhale konu.

Museum Charles Peguy, he kanaka maoli o Orleans, ka mea i lilo i ka haku mele a me ka mea kākau, ua noho ia ma ka nani hale i loko o ka pakebona kaila. Eia nō i kona bust, a hana stylized medieval haipule mea pohihihi.

Joan o piʻo ma Orleans Holiday

Ka Holiday mua i loko o Orleans (Farani), hoʻolaʻa iā Joan o piʻo, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ke kulanakauhale i ka 1435, i a ke Ka Mua o ka hula "Ka Nei o ka hoʻopuniʻana o Orleans," reproduces like a pau hanana. Ka mea, ua hiki i kekahi o na hoa o Joan o Gilles de Ka hoala ana mai, hapa 'ia' hoʻolako 'ia ma ka hana ana. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE huapalapala - i ke keiki, a me ka uku, a Nāna e koho i na kanaka a me City Hall.

Mai laila, i kela makahiki i May 8, paʻa ihola ka hookahakaha ma ke kikowaena hapa o ke kulanakauhale, hewa i i wale i ka manawa o kaʻoihana kaua. Over ke kenekulia i hala iho nei, o ke kahua e e loli liʻiliʻi, pākuʻi huapalapala, hoʻolauna i ka hana pili o ka bust o ka Virgin rackets.

Ma ka XIX kenekulia. i ka noho alii ana o King Lui Filippa ia i hai aku i ka lahui Holiday mai 1920 ekalesia, a me ka lehulehu Holiday ma May 8 Ua merged.