Paheona o kahiko Roma. Hiʻona o ka moʻomeheu o ka wa kahiko Rome

E like me ke kahiko i waha, i hoʻokumu Rome i loko o ka hapalua like 8 kenekulia BC. e ka. I ka moʻomeheu o ka Roman aupuni a pau, a i manaoia kekahi o ka loa influential i loko o ke au o ke kahiko, ua loaʻa iā ia he nui hopena ma Europa noho maikai ana. A me keia mamua o ka mea i na pena a me sculptures o kahiko Roma, me ka nānā 'ana ma Greek motifs, a me ka hana keaka a me ka mele e inextricably ua hoʻopili i ka kahiko mooolelo Etruscan.

Ano o Roma nō

Haʻalele nā lāhui kanaka'ē aʻe kahiko, ka Romans appropriated i ke akamai o ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka pono pilikia. Akä naÿe, i ka nani au kahiko o ka wa kahiko Rome i ae mai kaumaha utilitarian ano, e like me ka mea i manaoia he pono ke ala e rationally hoonohonoho i ka wa e ola ana. I mea no ke aha la he nui wahi i loko o ke ola ana o keia heluna kanaka kahiko o ka aina e ku ma ke kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ka noho maikai ana o kahiko Roma nō ke hoole i kona monumental hale: ekalesia, Arena a me nā hale aliʻi.

Kaawale mai ka nani kia hoʻomanaʻo i o kuhikuhipuʻuone, hiki e hookolokoloiaʻi e au, ma na sculptures lehulehu, i poe na kiʻi o ka poe e noho ana i ka manawa moʻomeheu o Roma ma ka kahiko. Life ma Makamua Roma i mau i hoʻokuleana i ka ikaika o na rula, a ma kekahi mau manawa o ka sculptural kiʻi hana wale nō i mea e hoʻomau i ka hoomanao ana o ka poe alii, a me ka maka o kaulana kanaka. Wale nō ma hope o kekahi i ka wa i hoomaka ai Roma sculptors, e kūʻai nō lākou mau huapalapala kiʻi a me kūikawā hiʻona. Nui mōʻaukala hanana o ka Roma kanaka haku koho i mea eh ÷ ike i ka bas-ke ola.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i nā hiʻona o ka moʻomeheu o ka wa kahiko Rome i kokoke piha wa e kaawale aku o ia mau hanana like hale kiaka - i loko o ka mau hoohalike, e like me kona mau pili kūpono loa. E ho ohana i nā kiʻi i hana ia e ka Helene no na mea he nui loa na hana o ke akamai, i ka Roma paha ka nānaina hanana ma ka lokomaikai o kona mana, a 'aʻole i paʻa nui ia ia. Ua hanaia kuhikuhi, no ke akamai o ka wa kahiko Roma, i 'ole e ka Hoʻohaku ideology, a ua malihini i ka hoʻomaka Hōʻuluʻulu a me ka philosophical a me ka fiction.

Kiʻiona hiʻona o Roma nō

I loko nō o ka ai ola ana o Roma, me ka hookaawale noho maikai ana, moʻolelo he lōʻihi manawa hiki ole hookaawale i ka nō, mai ka wa kahiko Greek Roma. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ia ka mea ua nui na hana o ke akamai a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone hoʻoilina o ka wa kahiko Rome i ua hookoeia mai ai i ko makou mau lā, ka mea, ua hiki ke kuhikuhi i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona e puni ana i ka kahiko Roma hana. No laila, i piʻi like a me nā hana o ke kahiko Roma, i loko o ke kula o ka he kilokilo i emi iho ia me he kuokoa kŰia?

1. Kuhikuhipuʻuone e piʻi like ana o ka Roma i ka hui malu pu ana o ka hale i loko o māhele pokole a me ka noʻeau 'ano apau loa. Roma nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone he makemake ko e kūkulu kaawale hale a me Ensemble ma maoli kaumaha, a ina ole ai kekahi mea, portage iauaeoia e uuku paia.
2. Akä naÿe no ka Helene ea kiʻi o Roma nō lilo hoailona ia, symbolism a me illusory ka lewa. Mau Roma hana mea hou i hana muaʻole ku e sculptural a me ka noʻeau i nā kiʻi E ho oku ui ole wale hooili ae i kale ano sculpted kiʻi akā, i mural a mosaic kiʻi.
3. Makamua Artists Ua ulu originated ma Greece easel pena, a ua aneane prevalent i loko o kā lākou Mokuna'āina.

I loko nō o ka nui o ke kino a me ka maalea hiʻona o ka maka i loko o, aia no he ololi e leie aku a hiki i ka loko, e hooholo wale nô o sculptural a kuhikuhipuʻuone mea i ke kahiko Roma moʻomeheu. Kēia mea i kona nui. Ka noho maikai ana o kahiko Roma, uaʻike nā hualoaʻa a no kona nui hale a me nā kiʻi. Kā lākou waiwai i kekahi mau manawa ma luna ma mua o ka counterparts o kahiko Greece a me nā'āina'ē.

periodization

Paheona kaua likeʻole o Rome ana i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, a hoʻopili like me ka wā o ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey o ka moku'āina. Inā ka evolution o Helene nō kakaolelo i puʻunaueʻia ma luna o ke kahua (archaic), ka flowering (Classics) a me ka ulia (Hellenism), i ka ulu ana o Roma nō loaʻa iā ia kekahi hou hiʻona i ka hoonohonoho hou ana o ka imperialʻana. Ma muli o ia ia i kekahi kŰia i ka kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai, a ideological aʻe hookani i ke kūlana kumu kahua o loko o hoʻololi i ka stylistic a me ka noʻeau 'ano apau loa.

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka evolution o oe ma Roma ua manaoia e ia i ka wā o ka Roma aupuni a pau (7-5 kenekulia BC. E.), Republican (5-1 kenekulia BC. E.) A o ka Roma wā (1-2 kenekulia BC. E.). Kēia flowering o na mea akamai a pau, a me kiʻi kaula, keaka, mele a meʻoe, a akamai, i hele mai ma ka pau ana o ka 1st kenekulia BC. e ka. a hoomau a hiki i ka haule ana o ka Roma aupuni a pau.

Art au aliʻi

Ho okumu ana o Roma nō i kona aʻa ma ka 8th kenekulia BC. Hawaii., i ka wa a ka papa kuhikuhiE, akä, i loko o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o Etruscan mau aoao e ka manaʻo hale, masonry a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka hale pono hana. Ua hiki ke ike i loko o ka luakini o ka Capitoline Dia. Pena a me ka hana ana i na Nani Loa 'ikamu i kekahi pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka Etruscan aʻa. Wale nō i loko o ka waena o ka 7th kenekulia BC. Hawaii., i ka wa a ka Roma panalāʻau Greece, ka mea i ike lea i ka noʻeau 'ana i kūpono o ka Helene. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka Roma Artists i ho'āʻo mua i ka ho okumu ana i ka lakou mau hana i pili i na palapala kope kumu mai. Moʻolelo ke kaila keia i ka mooolelo hua mai la i ka posthumous ea paha o ka nahaehae, i ua pono hou i nā hiʻona o ke kanaka helehelena. Nā akua o Makamua Roma, i nā kiʻi a i lawe mai i ka Roma aupuni a pau, i na poe e like me maʻamau kanaka.

Art au repubalika

Republican wā o ka Roma moku'āina i koho ma ke kahua o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone hope: nā mea a pau me ka hoʻokoe 'eiiieaenu (noho a me ka luakini.) Loaa iho' ole a me ka symmetry. mea helehelena o ka hale kakauinoaia ia oi magnificently, a ua alakai aku i ka puka o ke ala (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO pohaku staircase). Nā kūlanakauhale uhi ma ka noho? Ieoaeunoai o kiʻekiʻe-ala hale, oiai ka luawai-aku heluna kūkulu suburban oa ?? ana hale hoʻonaniʻia me frescoes a me sculptures. I loko o kēia wā, ma hope i hanaʻia e like me ke ano o ka hale i ka hale kiaka o Makamua Rome (amphitheater), auwai a me na alahaka.

Paheona kiʻi kiʻi kaula i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o: ka luna a me ka paulele i ka hoʻomana. Mua ka mea, i mālama ai i ka manao, e hoʻomau i ka statesmen, a me ka lua o ka ola hoomaikai i kauoha no ka hana ana i mau kii a me busts no ka hale a me ka halekupapau. Ua hoʻonaniʻia Public hale me ka bas-ke kanaaho depicting mōʻaukala, e hoohuli a me nā kiʻi o ka maʻamau o ke ola ana o ka moku'āina. Na ekalesia no hoi pinepine hiki ke ike i pena (me mosaics a me frescoes), ma i na akua o ka Makamua Roma i depicted.

Ke Roma aupuni a pau: i ka wā hope loa o ka ulu ana o ke akamai

Ke au o ka Roma aupuni a ua manaoia e ia heʻano manawa o ka flowering o Roma nō. Ke kuhikuhipuʻuone ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka pio mai, vault a me ka Dome. Stone paia na wahi a pau eʻalo me ka pōhaku lepo a me ka pōhaku keʻokeʻo. Nui mau mea i loko o ka pa e ku ma ka Nani Loa i pena a me sculptures. Paheona Art o Makamua Roma, i loko o kēia wā, ua undergoing mea hou. Ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o sculptural kiʻi emi noonoo ana ua uku ia kanaka kāna moʻolelo, i kekahi manawa e nana i ka apana uuku na sketchy. I ka Ia manawa ka sculptors ho'āʻo i mea eh ÷ ike i ka rapidity o ka neʻe 'ana,' ehaʻeha o moku'āina i kākauʻia (kulana o ke kino, i na mea kaua a me nā wāwae, hairstyle, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). Bas-kokua kiʻi lawe aeaiaua ÿano me ka ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu 'hoohalua.

Ka Nani Loa pena, e like me ka mua wā, ua lilo oi paakiki no i ka hoike o ka panorama kuhikuhipuʻuone a me nā wahi like. Pena i hoʻohana no ka murals, malamalama, a me ke kala ana - he contrasting. Ma waho aʻeo i ka waihoʻoluʻu mosaic, hoʻomano haawiʻeleʻele, a keʻokeʻo.

Ka loa kaulana sculptural kiʻi

Roma kiʻi o ka lehulehu huahelu, akua a me nā koa i hōʻike piha-nui busts paha kiʻi. Ka hoʻomaka kahiko Roma kiʻi ua manaoia e e he keleawe bust o Junius Brutus. Ua manaʻo nui ole o Helene nō, akā, typical Roma hiʻona a me ka hōʻemi iki asymmetry ae oi manawa e eʻoiaʻiʻo i mua, Roma sculptors i loko o ka 3rd kenekulia BC. Hawaii., i kana hana ana i ka i kā mākou o ka realism. I loko nō o ka nele o ke kālā no metalworking i kūpono ka lole au mamuli o ka bust e akakaʻi i. Mua o nā mea a pau, e hōʻike i ka nani engraving umiumi a me ka lauoho.

Ka loaʻoia iʻo ua nō manaoia e e he sculptural kiʻi o Vespasian, i ka Roma Auguseto. Ka Haku,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka mea liilii loa lāliʻi nō kona kiʻi, akā, i haawi mai bust ano hiʻona. Mau noonoo ana ua unuhi maka hohonu-kau a me ka meaʻuʻuku, e pāhawewe hou i ka maoli maalea a me ka mea ia Auguseto. Akā, i ka mea kupaianaha o ka mea i ka sculptor ua depicted a me ke olonā i lāliʻi (pono'ī i aa koko a me na aa koko i loko o kona ai, e holo i ka lae wrinkles), e olelo ana e pili ana i ka ikaika a me ka manao paa o ka moku'āina alihi kaua. No emi expressive huli sculptors a me bust o moneylender Lutsiya Tsetsiliya Yukunda,'īlio mau maka a me ka waʻa lauoho ua depicted me kupaianaha pololei.

Ka nui kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ka Roma au

I ka lā,ʻaʻohe loa mālama i kekahi o nā hale kūkulu i loko o ke au o ke au kahiko o Roma. Ua kaulana loa a me ka maikaʻi-ikeia o ia mea i ka Colosseum - ka Arena ma i na gladiators i paʻa a me ka olelo hoomaikai, o ka lehulehu i na kii i likeʻole pae, me i Emperor. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ia i ka lei mōʻaukala, a me ka luakini o Saturn, i i ua pinepine ae lukuia, a hoomakaukau hou i hou. Kona like ke kahua pâʻani i ka ike ole i ke Akua, like wale he mau kolamu i koe, mai ka nani hale. Akā, ka mea, ua hiki ke hoola i ka Pantheon kaulana, a me ka luakini o na akua a pau, a mea he 'ano nui hale, hooleiia me ka Dome.

Roma haku mele a me kā lākou mau hana

I loko nō aie mai i ka pili kūpono loa o na Helene, o ka poe Roma kakou no hoi i ko lakou talena, a ma ka hou o poem, nā mele a me na olelo lapuwale. Ka loa kaulana haku mele o Rome - Virgil a me Horace. Ka mua kaulana no ka loaa palapala i poem "Aeneid", i ka loa reminiscent o ka "Iliad" o Homer. I loko nō o ka emi expressive poetic a me ka noʻeau ke keʻena, ua poem ua no noʻonoʻo i ka hae o maoli Lakina 'ōlelo. Horace, ma ka mea ku ole, i noho nui noʻeau olelo, no laila, ua i ka hale haku mele, a me ka laina mai kona mau poem a me nā mele hou nō i loko o nā hana o na mea he nui moʻolelo.

i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Kino o Makamua Rome i mua i hanau wahi ano iā mākou noonoo i keia me ia mau mea. Aneane pau na hana a pau i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke Competition o nā haku mele a me nā mele. Wale kēlā wā i kēia wā Roma nō ipo ke nanea i ka holoholona hihiu o nā mea hana keaka, pu ma ka papa hīmeni a nui. Pinepine, i hoike mai Nānā Mea circus, keaka, mime a me ka 'Akelanika pae a me ka hula. A kiʻiona hiʻona o ka Roma keaka hana troupes i lehulehu. Me ka pili ana i keia i ka hoolohe mai la oia i ka mea i emi aku na nā mea hana keaka.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka costumes, a e-i i ole ua uku noonoo. Wale i kekahi manawa, e pāʻani ana i ke kūlana o ka Auguseto a me ka nui kanaka i loko o ka moku'āina, nā mea hana keakaʻaʻahuʻia i loko o ka lush ulaula waihoʻoluʻu kapa. Ke repertoire oiaʻano nui o na hana o ka Roman haku mele o Horace, Virgil a me Ovid. Pinepine unhurried moʻolelo a me ka mele i loko o hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni pomaikai ae la lakou koko gladiator kēia ho'āla kaua, a me ka hoolohe i hele mai me ka emi ole makemake.

Music a me ka mea kani

Music o Makamua Rome loli Hawaiʻi kū kaʻawale mai ka kahiko Greek. I hanana lehulehu a me ka hana i waena o ka loa hanohano mea kani, hiki ke loa ka leo nui i ka leo o na ohe, a me kona mau pepeiao, me ka e like. Eia naʻe, ka hapanui pinepine i ka hooko ana o nā pesaleteria: timpani, a me ka lira, cittern. He waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ka puolo lawe pio aku i na mea a pau, a me ka Roma i Emperor. Noho ana i waena o nā mea hoʻokani pila a me ka poʻe mele,ʻo ka poʻe e hoʻomau ana ma kiʻi kaula. Great hiʻona a me ke aloha o ka Roma kanaka ma ia manawa hoʻohanaʻia e mele a me Kifared ia Apele, Terpny, Diodorus, Anaksenor, Tigelly a me Mesomed. Music o Makamua Rome mea nō e ola ana, e like me ka hoola ana i wale i ke kumu o mau noʻonoʻo, akā, i mea kani.

Ke ole o Roma nō ma luna o ka makana

Ma ka aoao o Roma ka noho i loko o ka kēia'ōlelo i ka hailona a me na wahi a pau. O na papa, na ano o ka wa kahiko Roma, a he oiaio, i kekahi o kona kikowaena, a pili ia i ke akamai, aohe ua no i na poe i loko o kona olelo e lilo. Aka hoi, ua hiki mua aku nei au i ke kuhikuhipuʻuone, kiʻi kaula a me ka pilikia makapō akamai o ka Roma au hou ana i alakaʻi ai i ka nohona ke keʻena o ka aneaneʻEulopa aina a pau. He mea oi loa akaka no ka puka i loko o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, kahi aloha a me ka kilohana hale ua puni iho la ia ma ka akaka symmetrical palapala.