PAZ 3237. Bus PAZ 3237: mana'o kiko'ī

No ka'ike'ana i ka papahana mua a me ka ha'awina ha'aha'a'o Rusia loa PAZ 3237 i hiki i ke 2003 ma ka Moscow Show International Show. Aia ma'ane'i i'ike kahi lehulehu i kēia ka'a. Ua lilo kēia ka'a'oihana o ka papa li'ili'i i mea kūpono no ka nui o nā kūlanakauhale. Akā, ma mua o ka kūkākūkā'ana i nā'ano loea a me nā'ike'ē a'e, pono e'ōlelo i kekahi mau'ōlelo e pili ana i ka mo'aukala o ka'oihana.

'O kahi'ōmole pokole i loko o ka mo'aukala

'O ka lā'au'o Pavlovsky i kona ho'omaka'ana, ua kapa'ia'o ia'o Zhdanov pahi. I kēia manawa o ka ho'onui'ana, ua ho'olako'ia ka pahi i nā pahi o nā'āpana li'ili'i a me nā'ano li'ili'i. Aia nā'enehana hana ma Pavlovo, ma ka'āina'o Nizhny Novgorod. Ho'omaka ka mea kanu i kāna hana i ka makahiki 1930. Ma kēlā mau makahiki, oia hana like me ka kākoʻo no ka Gorky ulia kaʻa Plant , a me nā hana o ke kaiaulu kaʻa. Lawe'ia ka mea hanahana no nā mea ka'a a me nā mea no nā kino.

I ka makahiki 1932, i ka pau'ana o ke kūkulu'ia'ana, ua ho'omaka'ia ka hana'ana o nā pahi. E like me ka mea i'ike'ia, ma ka lā 12 o Nowemapa 1968, lilo ka mea kanu i ka hana mua e hana i nā pahi.

I ka ho'omaka'ana o nā makahiki he kanaono, Pafflovsk Bus Factory ka hana hou i ka mana'o hana. Mai kēia manawa ua ho'omohala'ia ka'oihana i ka hana'ana a me ka ho'omaika'i hou'ana i kāna mau mīkini. 'O ke'ano, ua ho'ololi pinepine'ia ke'ano ho'ohālike no ka hālāwai'ana i nā makemake o ka mea kū'ai. Ma hope mai, ua ho'omaka ka huahana o ka hui e ho'okomo i nā hanana a me nā hanana.

I ka lā 1 o Kekemapa, 1968 i ka halehanahana i ho'olaha i kahi PAZ 3204. I kēia lā, ma muli o kēia hana i hana'ia e 30 ho'ololi. Ho'ohālikelike'ia nā'ano ho'ohālike no nā'ano like'ole. He mau pahi no ka "ho'olālā", a me nā'ano'oihana hou. He nui nā ho'ololi'ē a'e i hana'ia no ka'ike'ana i nā'ano o ke aniau e ho'ohana'ia ai kēia mau pahi. No 10 mau ho'ololi e pili ana i ka Pas 3204 a hiki i kēia lā.

I ka makahiki 2002, ua ho'oku'u'o Paz i ke ka'a'u'uku li'ili'i loa ma ka mo'aukala. 'O kēia ka pahana PAZ-3237, ai'ole "Luzhok." I nā mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kūkulu'ia e nā mea kanu nā'ano like'ole o nā ka'a pahi kaua. Pa'a pinepine'ia ka PA PA i nā hō'ailona ma nā hanana a me nā hanana.

Pa'a PAZ no nā mea ka'a

'O PAZ 3237'o ia kekahi o nā moku pōkole li'ili'i li'ili'i loa. Ua ho'olālā'ia ke ka'a no 55 mau kānaka, a he 18 mau noho o kahi noho. E hiki i nā luina ke noho ma luna o nā noho, kahi i ho'onohonoho'ia i nā'ōnaehana kūikawā. 'O nā pū'alikū he mau māmā, ho'oka'awale. Ua emi loa nā kua o nā mea kī'aha.
Air wehe ae ia e ka awa a me ka pae o ka ohua hou hōʻoluʻolu. Mahalo i kēia'ano pūnaewele, ua hiki ke hō'emi i ka ho'oku'u'āina ma ka pau'ana o ke ka'a no ka wehe'ana. Ho'omākaukau'ia ka hō'olu'olu o nā mea māka'i ma nā puka ākea. Ho'oholo'ia kekahi mau ho'ololi no kēia ka'a no nā po'e nele.

Nā'ano o ke kino

Ua ho'okumu'ia kēia'ano o ka pahi PAZ me kahi kino amo, i hana'ia i loko o ka ho'okele ka'a. Ma muli o ka ho'ohana'ana i nā'enehana hou i kēia wā, nā hana hou i ka pena ki'i a me ka hana'ana me nā pūhui kino, a me ke aloha'ana i nā'enehana'enehana kūikawā, ua'ōlelo'ia ua ho'onohonoho'ia ke kino no kahi ola'ana a hiki i ka 8 makahiki. Ho'ohui'ia nā'ano kino o ke ka'a ma nā kino ha'aha'a LIAZ. System o koi hoʻokomo ea ole. Hana'ia me ke kōkua'ana o nā manholes a me nā puka makani. No ka ho'omehana'ana, ho'omehana ka hale i ka pūnaewele me ka holo ikaika. I ka ho'ohana'ana i ke kikowaena pūnaewele, ho'omaha loa ka ea i loko o ke ka'a.
'O ka lō'ihi o ka ka'a PAZ 3237 he 7.8 mau mika, ke ākea - 2.5 mika. 'O ke ki'eki'e he 3.8 mau mika. Me ke ka'a o ka 3,650 mm,'o ka li'ili'i ka hiki ke ho'ololi'ia he 8.5 mau mika. 'O ka ho'olālā'āina he 36 kenimika. 'O ke kaumaha o ka ka'a he 6 mau anoni.

PAZ 3237 - nā'ike kiko'ī

Ma ka'ao'ao'enehana, he nani nā'ōko'oma'a no ka po'e e makemake ana e kū'ai. No ke enene, ua ho'olālā nā mea mikkini i ka ka'a me ka'elima diesel line line mai CUMMINS. Hiki i kēia ka'a ka'a PAZ PA ke hana i ka mana o ka 140 o ka huina nui, oiai ka wikiwiki he 2500 nā huli. Ho'okomo ke ka'a i kahi pu'upu'u nui loa o 1500 mau kahuli, a 505 N * m ka manawa. Ho'oma'a pono kēia ka'a i nā kūlana a me nā kūlana no ka'ōnaiao. 'O ka nui o ke engine he 3.9 lita. Ua lako ka engine i kahi pūnaewele turbocharger. 'O ka māmā, e hā'awi'ia ana e PAZ 3237 i ka palena o kona hiki, hiki ke 80 makeli i ka hola.

Kahi ho'onui

'O PA Bus,'o kona'aila he 18 liters o ka diesel no 100 kilomika, he pahu puna kahi o 140 liters. Ua lawa kēia no nā kūlanakauhale a me nā ala waena o ka'āpana.

Palapala

No ka pae makai, ua lako ka pahi i ka ho'onalima'elima mai Praga. Eia kekahi ma kekahi mau ho'ololi'ana ma ke'ano o kēia ho'olālā e ho'ouka i kahi lawe pūnaewele mai Allison.

Kekahi

Ma ke'ano he mana, ua ho'ohana nā mea ho'olālā i nā hana hana Hungaria no ka hana'ana. No hoi he mana kōmike hoʻokele, a me ke kahaha nui kōkua ai i nā ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o ke kuapo "donut" O Keaukaha.

'O Brakes

Ua pono e olelo aku i ka mea akamai i noi pahu wawahi Kelemānia? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ma ke'ano laulā, ua ho'olako pū'ia ke kikowaena o kēia ka'a i nā pū puhi, a me'elua mau ka'a kūikawā. Hana'ia kēia mau hana a me nā huila a pau o kēia mīkini.
'O nā'ati hana pūkohu pū kekahi me ABS. Hiki i ke kikowaena ke ho'oikaika i nā ka'a e mālama i ke ka'a ma ka hopena o nā'ano like'ole ma ke alanui. E like me kāu e'ike ai, hiki i ka pahi PAZ, kahi mea maika'i loa no ko mākou mau alanui, ke hana i nā kōkuhi nui he nui. Hō'oia nā mea ho'ona'auao he maika'i kēia halihali no nā kūlana kūlanakauhale a hana pono i nā'auwa'a o nā kūlanakauhale'o Lūkini.
'O nā kūlana kūikawā o kēia mau pahi ka'a ha'aha'a i ho'ohālikelike'ia i mea e hiki ai ke ho'olako i nā pono kū ka'a o nā kūlanakauhale nui. 'O ka'oi aku ka'oi aku o nā ka'a no nā mea ka'a i kēlā me kēia kalana nui.'A'ole hiki ke pale aku i nā huaka'i ma waena o nā ala waena, e kaumaha mau'ia me nā ka'a ka'a ka'awale, kahi nui i nā hola kau. Ho'olālā'ia'o PAZ 3237 i mea e ho'oemi ai i ke kaumaha ma luna o nā ka'a nui me kā lākou kōkua.
Ma muli o nā'ano li'ili'i li'ili'i, ua lawa ka loiloi'ana o ke ka'a. He mea nui loa kēia, a ua mālama'ia kēia māhele e nā mea ho'omohala. 'Oi,'o nā mea halihali pāhihi e ho'olimalima i ka manawa ma nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale, kahi e ho'omau'ia ai kahi kahawai nui.
'O PAZ he pahi e loa'a ai kahi maika'i maika'i i ka māhele o kēia manawa. Ua ho'oku'u'ia kēia i ka ho'oulu'ana i ka'oia'i'o o ke kū'ai'ana o kāna kū'ai. Hiki i kēia ka'a ke ho'ohukai i nā'auwa'a a me nā mea halihali. Ua loa'a i kēia ka'a i kekahi mau'oihana ka'a ka'a'u'uku. No ka mea, ua lilo ka ka'a i mea kūpono, ho'omaha, palekana. Ke kūpono nei ke kūlana i nā kūlana maika'i o kēia'ano.

Ka hopena kū'ai

I kēia lā,'ākoakoa nā hui he nui e kū'ai i nā pahi pahi PAZ. 'O ke kumukū'ai ma ka mahina'o'Apelila 2014 he 3 miliona mau kuamo. Inā ma kēia manawa e mālama i ka nānā'ana i nā kumukū'ai, i kēia lā, ua ho'onui'ia ke kumukū'ai e kahi 200-400,000 mau ku'i.
Pono e ho'omaopopo'ia ua lō'ihi ka lō'ihi o ka hana'ana o kēia mau pahi me nā mea ka'a i nā kūlanakauhale like'ole o Rusia a me nā'āina CIS. He mea ma'alahi a ho'olu'olu kēia kākele ka'a, a lawe mai i nā kōpena i mea kūpono a me ka hana'ole.
I kēia mau lā, he mau pono'ole nā ka'a o ka PAZ, a no ka ho'oma'ama'a'ana i nā pahi e ho'oku'u ai i ka holo moku.

No laila, ua'ike mākou he aha nā ka'a no ka PAZ a me nā mea i'ike'ia e lākou.