Phosphorus a me kona hui. Mea hiki 'ana o ka phosphorus hui

Mawaena o na māhuaola e pono e līkaia no i kūikawā wahi ia mea phosphorus. No ka mea, ka mea hiki ole nei me ka nui i huiʻia, e like me ATP paha phospholipids e like me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe ke aloha' ona. Ma ke aha ka'okanikaʻole a me keia hehee ai ka waiwai nui loa i loko o kekahi nā lātoma. Phosphorus a me kona hui e hoʻomano hoʻohana ma ka hana, e nui nā kānaka hoʻopukapuka kālā i loko o liluwelo keʻano o ka hanaʻana, e hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kekahi mau kihapai o kanaka haʻawina. Nolaila, i kūpono ai ka hehee ai, ka mea kona mākou noonoo na mea waiwai , a me ka mea nui i huiʻia.

Phosphorus: he mau ano o ka hehee ai

Position i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma loko o kekahi mau paukū.

1. I ka lima o ka pūʻulu, i ka papa kuhikuhiE pae.
2. A kolu uuku wā.
3. Serial helu - 15.
4. 'ātoma nuipa - 30,974.
5. E hoʻonohonohoʻia 1s'Ātoma ² 2s ² 2p ⁶ 3s 3p ^{2 3.}
6. Hiki'okesaside moku'āina o ka -3 i +5.
7. Ka Nine Inch hōʻailona - P i loko o nā nā papakuhikuhi ka puana "pe". Ka inoa o ka hehee ai - phosphorus. Ka Lakina inoa o Phosphorus.

Mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa o ka'Ātoma i kona aʻa ma ka mamao XII kenekulia. E like ma ka mooolelo o na alchemists halawai ike, kamailio e pili ana i noho i ike ole ia "luminous" mea. Naʻe, i ka kūhelu lā o ka loaʻa a me ka hoʻololi kemikala o phosphorus hoomaka i ka 1669. Bankrupt ikona Brand mea kālepa ma ka huli ana i ka poe akeakamai o ka pohaku randomly synthesized i ka waiwai, i hiki hoʻokuʻu akula i ka huali glow, a kuni i ka mea hoomakapo lapalapa. He hana kēia e hai calcination kanaka mimi.

Ma hope o ka mea kū kaʻawale e pili ana i ka iaʻaoʻao'ē aʻeʻeleu hehee ai ua loaa mai:

• J. Kunkel;
• R. Boyle;
• A. Marggraf;
• K. Scheele;
• Lavoisier.

I kēia lā, kekahi o ka loa hanohano ano o ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka waiwai - ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka AYEIE phosphorus-i loaʻa nā minelala hao ma kiʻekiʻe ke anawela ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kalapona'okikene lua a me ka silica i. Ke kaʻina ua lawe mai i loko o kūikawā mau imu. Phosphorus a me kona i huiʻia nā mea nui 'ona no ka noho ana mea i pono i no keʻano o syntheses i loko o ka Nine Inch oihana puolo. No ia mea, ia mea e pono ai ka mea i kaʻeleu hehee ai me he mea waiwai, a ma ka aoao maoli he e noonoo.

Simple waiwai phosphorus

He paʻakikī i ka inoa i kekahi mau pilina, ma ka hihia o ka phosphorus. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka helu nui o allotropic ka hoʻololi 'ana i loaʻa i kēia hehee ai. Aia i eha ka papa kuhikuhi ano o ka poe noonoo ole 'ona o ka phosphorus.

1. White. Kēia hui nona ka haʻilula R _4. He he keʻokeʻo, he yiaeaiiacaaeneiie waiwai me ka pahikaua kaʻawaʻawa loa ala o ka kālika. Ua ignites spontaneously ma ka lewa ma ka maʻamau mahana. Puhi luminous haikea'ōmaʻomaʻo. Loaʻawahia a me ka pilikia a hiki i ke ola. Loa kiʻekiʻe reactivity, no laila ia i hoomakaukauiaʻi, a waiho ma lalo o kekahi papa no maloko wai. He hiki no i ka poe ilihune solubility ma Polar nā'uheheʻe. He aho no kēia pono disulfide keʻokeʻo phosphorus a me ke aloha mea. I ka pii kai iki ana, ka mea hiki ke hoololiia ma ke kēia allotropic pepa - ula phosphorus. I ka wa anuanu a me ka Punk i ka mahu mea hiki ke lilo papa. Ma ka hoʻopā o ka waʻa, palupalu, oluolu ana pahi, keʻokeʻo (iki yellow). Ka mahele heheʻe i ka wahi o ka 44 ⁰ C. No ke reactivity ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala. Akā, no ka mea, o ka mea kaʻawahia i ākea hanalima palapala noi.
2. Yellow. Kēia meaʻino maloko ano o keʻokeʻo phosphorus. Ua mea i oi make, e like me kaʻawaʻawa loa, ai honi oe o ka kālika. Ignites a'ā me ka huali lapalapa ahi glowing'ōmaʻomaʻo. Mau yellow aʻeleʻele nā pōaka mai e hoike mai i loko o ka wai loa, o ka piha'okesaside na newa hoʻokuʻu akula keʻokeʻo uahi haku mele 'P ₄ O _10.
3. Red phosphorus a me kona i huiʻia nō ka loa, he pono ole, a ka hapanui pinepine ia i loko o ka hana o ka modifying hope paha. Red pasty nuipa, i mea ma ka kiʻekiʻe e puʻe ke hele i loko o ka palapala o ka lila nā pōaka mea chemically AEeOEXAaI. Kēia pīlali He hiki no mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia wale nō i loko o kekahi mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a oi ma mua o kekahi mea. I ka wela o ka 250 ⁰ C ua sublimated e hele i ke keʻokeʻo nā loli. Ole-ʻawahia like ka nui me ka mea mua palapala. Eia naʻe, me ka hooloihi ae i waiū o ke kinoʻawahia. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia e pili i ka penaʻana ma luna o ka mea hō'ā kaʻa matchboxes. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka mea hiki ole ignite spontaneously, akā, i ka wa denotation, a kū'ē explodes (ho'āʻia).
4. Black. E like me ka mea mawahoʻikepili ka mea i like loa e graphite, ia mea no hoi he wiwo hoopa aku. Kēia mea uholo uila pila nuiʻikena. Dark nā pōaka, ka lā'ī, eʻaʻole hiki iā ia ka pono i loko o kekahi nā'uheheʻe i nā mea a pau. I ka mea, anapu mai, e pono kiʻekiʻe loa ana wela a me ka mālama 'raskalivanie.

pela no hoi mea i hoihoi i ka lōʻihi-wehe ano o phosphorus - i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. He He alakaʻi mele, a i ka cubic aniani puka olu oia.

Nine Inch mall

Nine waiwai o ka phosphorus hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka palapala i loko i ka mea, ua noho ai. I haiia ae maluna,, ka K'lauea he lenalena, a keʻokeʻo nā loli. I mau, na phosphorus hiki o reacting me:

• ke hooheheeia ho okumu i phosphides, a hana like me ka oxidant;
• ole-ke hooheheeia, e hana me ka hoemi hope, a hana e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie a me ka 'ole-e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie i huiʻia o kaʻokoʻaʻano;
• ikaika oxidants hele ana i loko o phosphoricʻakika ;
• me ka i kia caustic mekala 'åkilikai ma disproportionation type;
• me ka wai ma kiʻekiʻe loa wela;
• me ka o oxygen, e lilo like oxides.

Nine waiwai o ka phosphorus like me ka poe o ka naikokene. no ka mea, he hapa o ka pae pniktogenov. Naʻe, i ka ha awina o kiekie kekahi mau kauoha o ka nui, ke aloha i keʻano o allotropic ka hoʻololi 'ana.

I ma ke ano maoli

E like me ka mahuaola, phosphorus mea he nui loa, he pono ole. Kona pakeneka He 0.09% i loko o ka pńpa. He He 'ano nui huahelu. Where loaʻa kēia'Ātoma i maoli? Aia i kekahi mau papa kuhikuhiE wahi:

• ka uliuli o na mea kanu, kā lākou mau anoano a me ka hua;
• holoholona nā'aʻaʻa (Muscle, iwi, niho enamel, he nui nui ke aloha i huiʻia);
• Honua o ka pńpa;
• lepo;
• pohaku a me nā minelala hao;
• kai ka wai.

Ma keia hihia, ua hiki ke olelo wale e pili ana i ka nā pepa, akā,ʻaʻole he mea ia mea. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia ka loaʻeleu, a me ka mea, aole i ae aku ia ia i ka e noa. Mawaena o ka richest nā minelala hao phosphorus i:

• Inglish;
• ftorapaptit;
• svanbergite;
• phosphorus a me ka 'ē aʻe.

Ke liluwelo manaʻo nui o kēia mau ukana hiki ole ke overemphasized. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, oia mea he hapa o ka hui e like me:

• nā polokina;
• phospholipids;
• DNA;
• RNA;
• fosfoproteidy;
• nā'ūhū.

Ia mea, o ka poe a pau, ka poe i nui a me ka mea hana ma luna o ka mea a pau holoʻokoʻa kino. Kela la i keia kūmau no ka maʻamau kanaka makua o ma kahi o 2 nā huna.

Phosphorus a me kona hui

E like me ka loaʻeleu,ʻeleu hehee ai ano he iiiaanoaa o okoa waiwai. Ma hope o nā mea a pau ka mea, ano, a phosphide, a iho hana me ka hoemi hope paha. No ka mea, o keia mea, hiki apuepue ke kapaʻia he hehee ai i makemake e inert i loko o ka naoh ia ia. A nolaila, i ka hui o ka haʻilula phosphorus'āina like. Kekahi ke kuhikuhi aku i ka helu o nā papa o nā 'ona i loko o ke kahua o ka i ia mea he kaila hou aku i komo.

1. Aeaie i huiʻia - oxides, phosphides, hydrogen yiaeaiiacaaeneiie hui, sulfide, nitride, a me na mea e ae. No kekahi laʻana: P ₂ O _5, PCL _3, P ₂ S _3, pH _3, a me na mea e ae.
2. Complex waiwai: paʻakai o nā ano (awelika,ʻakika, walaʻauʻana, papalua, eiiieaen), nāʻakika. Laʻana: H ₃ PO _4, Na ₃ PO _4, H ₄ P ₂ O _6, Ca (H ₂ PO _{4) 2,} (NH _{4) 2} HPO ₄ a me na mea e ae.
3. Oxygen ma-i loaʻa ke aloha i huiʻia: nā polokina, phospholipids, ATP, DNA, RNA, a me na mea e ae.

Ka hapanui 'ano o ka' ona hōʻike 'i nui hanalima, a liluwelo manaʻo nui. I ka hoʻohana ana o phosphorus a me kona hui a me ka malama o hiki mai no ka 'inikua hana, a no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o loa ano o ko ka hale ona mau.

I huiʻia me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia

Aeaie i huiʻia o ka phosphorus a me na mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a nonmetals i emi electronegative inoa phosphides. Kēia paʻakai-me waiwai i loaa lōʻihi instability ka wā paku ole ia i na konohiki. Rapid decomposition (hydrolysis) i nā hualoaʻa ma ke ahiahi maʻamau ka wai.

Eia kekahi, ma lalo o ka hana ana o unconcentratedʻakika ia lŘlŘ like disintegration Agena ma ka like me nā huahana. No ka laʻana, ina ua kamailio e pili ana i ka hydrolysis o ke kalipuna phosphide, nā huahana e lilo metala hydroxide a me ka phosphine:

Ca ₃ P ₂ + 6H ₂ O = 3Ca (OH) ₂ + 2PH ₃ ↑

A phosphideʻilikai degradable ma lalo o ka hana ana o ka mea pōhakuʻakika, ua loaa i ka like paakai, a me ka phosphine:

Ca ₃ P ₂ + 6HCL = 3CaCL ₂ + 2PH ₃ ↑

I mau, i ka nui o na kumuhana i huiʻia me ka manawa i ka hydrogen i hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o ka phosphorus hui, ka mea nona ka waiwai e kūkā mai ma lalo nei.

Volatiles phosphorus-ma muli

Aia i ka papa kuhikuhiE i elua:

• keʻokeʻo phosphorus;
• phosphine.

Ma ka honua i mua mākou i haiia ae maluna, a me nā 'ano o ka holo. I mai la lakou ia ia mea he keʻokeʻo mānoanoa uwahi, loa niho, smelly a me ka hoʻoponopono '-igniting ma lalo o maʻamau ana.

Akā, he aha ka phosphine? 'O kēia ka loa he ākea a me ka ike e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie waiwai, i ka loaʻa o ka hehee ai ma lalo o noonoo. He aeaie, a me ka lua o ka hoa - hydrogen. Haʻilula hydrogen phosphorus i huiʻia - pH _3, i ka inoa o ka phosphine.

hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma nā waiwai o kēia mea like penei.

1. Lele colorless kinoea.
2. Loaʻawahia.
3. Ka mea, i ke ala o ka popopo iʻa.
4. No ka wai 'Aʻole i pane koke loa poorly wailana i loko o laila. He wailana i loko o ke aloha kemika.
5. Ma lalo o maʻamau rula, chemically loaʻeleu.
6. Ua ignites spontaneously ma ka lewa.
7. I hanaʻia ma ka decomposition o ka metala phosphide.

Kekahi inoa - PHOSPHAN. Ua Ua pili me ka mōʻaukala o ka loa kahiko. Ka a pau wahi a "auwana ahi" i kekahi manawa i ike ai kanaka a me ka ike e cemeteries, Swamp. Spherical ole svechepodobnye kukui e hōʻike iʻaneʻi, a malaila, e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka neʻe, noʻonoʻo i ka inoino nānā i nā'ōuli, a me ka mea, ua hopohopo nui loa o ka ikaika loa kanaka. Ke kumu no keia kŰia, e like me keia manawa manao o kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema, hiki ke noonoo pakiko-mea hō'ā kaʻa o ka phosphine i ua maoli ai hua mai la ma ka decomposition o ke aloha residues, nā mea kanu a me ka holoholona. Ke kinoea hele mai, a hele mai i loko o ka leo me ka oxygen, ka malamalama. Ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka nui ana o ka lapalapa ahi hiki ke e lauwili. Loa pinepine, keia ao alohilohi i'ōmaʻomaʻo kukui.

ʻae nō hoʻi, a pau ka yiaeaiiacaaeneiie phosphorus hui -ʻawahia waiwai, a i hoopuni ia akulla 'ia e kaʻoi kaʻawaʻawa loa ala. Kēia hiʻona kōkua pale kaʻapu kōheoheo a me kaʻawaʻawa loa hopena.

Na i huiʻia me ka 'ole-ke hooheheeia

Inā phosphorus hoi me ka hoemi hope paha, ia mea e pono ke kamailio e pili ana aeaie i huiʻia me ka 'ole-ke hooheheeia. Loa pinepine, ka mea, ua oi electronegative. No laila, loaʻa nō kekahi mau 'ano o nā mea o keia ano keia ano:

• phosphorus a me ka luaipele i huiʻia - sulphide o phosphorus P ₂ S _3;
• phosphorus koloriside III, V;
• oxides a me anhydride;
• bromide a me ka iodide, a me na mea e ae.

kemika o phosphorus a me kona hui e lauwili, no laila ia mea paakiki e kuhikuhi i ka mea nui poʻe. Olelo ana concretely o na waiwai i mea i hanaʻia o nā phosphorus, a non-i eliiaʻi, keʻano nui nō nā oxides a me chlorides o kekahi mau mele. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o Nine Inch hoʻololi kemikala like me ka dehydrating Agena, me catalysts, a pela aku.

Penei, kekahi o ka loa mana dehumidifying ano mea kiekie phosphorus'okesaside - P ₂ O _5. He ikaika,ʻo ka wai no laila, i ka wā i loko o ka hui 'ana me ka mea aia no he ikaika naoh me ka ikaika halulu hele pū. I iho, i ka waiwai o ke keʻokeʻo hau-e like nui, i loko o ka hoʻopiha noho kokoke i ka amorphous.

Oxygenated ke aloha i huiʻia me ka phosphorus

Ua ua ikeia e ke aloha kemika ma ka helu o nā hui Ua lōʻihi aku i oi ke'okanikaʻole. O kŰia ua wehewehe ma ka hiki ana o isomerism, a me ka kalapona nā'ātoma e lilo likeʻole nā hale lei nā'ātoma hoopaaia i kekahi i kekahi. Maoli ai, aia no he kekahi mea, oa Mea Maluna, a mea paha i nā mea a pau o ka ke aloha kemika. Kekahi mau papa o ka hui, nae, ke i hoihoi i loko o hoʻokahi nui, pono e pili ana i ka hehee ai ma ka nīnau. Kēia oxygen ma-i loaʻa i huiʻia a me nā phosphorus. Mau nā:

• coenzymes - NADP, ATP, FMN, pyridoxal posapahate, a me na mea e ae;
• nā polokina;
• nukelea nāʻakika, e like me ka phosphoricʻakika i koe ka hapa o ka nucleotide;
• phospholipids a me fosfoproteidy;
• nā'ūhū a me catalysts.

Vid Iona, ma a ka phosphorus nā lātoma komo i loko o ke kahua o kēia hui, me ka kēia - PO ₄ ^3-, oa ka mea, o kaʻakika koena o phosphoricʻakika. Ka 'ole o kekahi mau nā polokina e komo i ka noa'Ātoma a hemahema hoi ion.

No ka mea maʻamau ke ola ana o kela a me keiaʻeleu hehee ai o ka meaola a me ke aloha i huiʻia ola i hanaʻia e ia mea loa nui a me ka pono. He mea hiki ole e kūkulu i kekahi o ka mall māhele o ke kino me ka kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma. A DNA a RNA - i ka papa kuhikuhiE nā moku halihali mokulele a me transmitters o aaiaoe 'ike. I mau, me ka pili 'o Randy a pau pono e noho me ka' ole 'aʻole.

I ka hoʻohana 'ana o phosphorus i loko o ka hana

I ka hoʻohana ana o phosphorus a me kona i huiʻia i loko o ka hana hiki ke wehewehe aku i loko o kekahi mau kumu.

1. Hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka ihoiho, pahū i huiʻia, mea hō'ā ahi hopeʻia, kekahi mōʻalihaku, lubricants.
2. Like e huli ana ke kinoea e like me ia ma ka hana o ka incandescent kukui.
3. E hoomalu iho i ke hooheheeia e ku e ia ka popopo.
4. Ma mahiai like me ka lepo mea hoʻomomona.
5. E like me ka mea no ka wai i hoopalupaluia,.
6. Ma Nine Inch syntheses i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kekahi mau waiwai.

Kūlana i ka noho ana meaola ua hoemi ia e komo i loko o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke kahua o ke kahua niho enamel a me ka iwi. Komo i loko o analogous a me ka catabolism reactions, e like me ka malama ana o ka na papa o ka buffering keena, a liluwelo fluids. He ke kumu no ka hoʻololi kemikala o DNA, RNA, phospholipids.