Physicist Faraday: Kawaihae, wehe

English physicist Maykl Faradey, ka mea nui i loko o ka ohana ilihune, ua kekahi o nā kānakaʻepekema nui loa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka. Kona poʻokela e piʻi like i ua i ma kekahi manawa i ka wa 'epekema i he wahi lihi iki o ke kanaka i hānauʻia ma ka aeia noʻohana. Ma o kona hanohano, i kapa pa alima o ka capacitance - farad.

Faraday (physicist): He pōkole Kawaihae

Maykl Faradey Ua hānauʻia ma September 22, 1791 ma London, ka UK kapikala. He ua ka kolu keiki o James a me Margaret Faraday. Kona makua kāne i kekahi hana, ka mea i loko o ilihune ola. Ma mua o ka mare, me kona makuwahine hana me ke kaikamahine. Ka ohana i noho ai ma kaʻilihune.

13 makahiki Michael i hele i ka kūloko kula, kahi ia i loaa i kona iniiaiie hoʻonaʻauao. E kōkua i ka 'ohana, hoomaka ae la oia e hana ana i loko o ka bookshopʻelele. Ikaika keiki holoʻokoʻa i hele mai i kona haku hana. A makahiki ma hopeʻo ia i hoʻopiʻi 'ia apprentice bookbinder.

Paa a me ka 'epekema

Maykl Faradey makemake e ike hou aku e pili ana i ke ao nei; ka mea, ua i kaupalena 'ia ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka puke. assiduous kela la i keia hana hope, oia kana a pau i kona mau noa manawa heluhelu buke ana i intertwined.

I nā mea ike i lilo hoihoi ma ka 'epekema. He oi loa makemake i ka buke elua:

• "Puke noiʻi kūʻikena Britannica" - i ke kumu o kona ike o ka uila, a he nui na mea e ae.
• "I kamaʻilio ma kemika" - 600ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ke kemika i loko o ka ho'āmana kakou kamailio ana kilo Dzheyn Marse.

He ua no ka manawa i hoomaka ae la oia e pana aku au i kauwahi o ko lākou meager loaʻa kālā ma luna o Nine Inch a me ka lako a pan, e hoopaa i ka oiaio o ka mea ma ka heluhelu ana.

Hoʻonui lākou scientificʻike,ʻo ia lohe ana i ke nä känaka 'epekema kaulana Dzhon Tatum i hele aku e haawi i ka moʻo o ka lehulehu haʻi'ōlelo ma maoli akeakamai (ke kālaikūlohea). E hele i ka haʻi'ōlelo, ua, e uku i ka uku o kekahi denari - nui loa aku ia no Michael Faraday. O kona kaikuaana, hana, holoʻokoʻa i hele mai ma ka ulu wa i ka 'epekema, haawi mai la ia i kona kaikaina, ka mea e pono ai huina.

Familiarity me Hamfri Devi

Faraday i kekahiʻanuʻu i 'epekema ka wā William Dance, poʻokela Customer noi Michael ina oia i kekahi makemake e kiʻi balota i ka haʻi'ōlelo ma nā hoa kulanui Royal.

Lecturer, Sir Hamfri Devi, ua kekahi o ko ke ao nei ka kaulana loaʻepekema o ka manawa. lele Faraday ma ka manawa, a kipa eha haʻi'ōlelo ma kekahi o nā polokalamu kumuhana o kemika - i ka manao paa o kaʻakika. He nānā i ka ho okolohua, i i lawelawe 'ia ma Davy ka haʻi'ōlelo.

Ua ua i ka honua i loko o ka mea ana i makemake ola. Faraday i memo, a laila, i hana ai he nui Kekahi ma ka memo i i ka 300-ʻaoʻao moʻolelo, a oia ka hoʻoluli a Davy hoouna aku i ka hoailona o ka mahalo.

I kēia manawa i loko o ka iwilei hope o ke poʻokela, hoomaka ae la Michael e hoʻomaka hou Ka Uluwehi O Ke ho okolohua e ho okumu i ka uila o na pu ki o lepeta, a kiniki nā pā kaawale e pulu kapiia pepa. He ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hoʻololi iho o Nine Inch waiwai, e like me makanekiuma sulufahate. Ma keia kahua o ke kemika Hamfri Devi ua I paionia.

Ma October 1812,ʻo ia pau i apprenticeship Faraday, a hoomaka ae la oia e hana me ka bookbinder no kekahi haku hana, i ka mea i loaʻa distasteful.

Makemake ole ia e ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i loko o ka hoopahaohao ana

A ua hauʻoli i ka manawa maopopo, no ka Faraday. E like me ka hopena o ka ole hoʻokolohua Hamfri Devi i eha: ia manawa loli kona pono, e kākauʻana. Michael ua hiki ia no kekahi mau lā, e malama i mooolelo no ka Davy, ka puke i ka manaʻo, aʻo ia i hoouna mai ai.

I ka wā o ka pōkole wā o ka hana i pau ai Hope, nä känaka 'epekema Faraday hoouna mai i ka leo e noi ana ia ia, e hoolimalima i kekahi hoalawehana na. Koke mahope, kekahi o na technicians Davy Ua ki no misconduct, a me Humphrey noi Michael,ʻaʻole makemake ina oia e lawe i ka hakahaka noho.

Inā ka mea makemake, e hana me kekahi o nā kānakaʻepekema loa kaulana i loko o ke ao nei ma o ka hoa kulanui Royal? Ua ua he rhetorical nīnau.

'Oihana,' ma ka Institute Royal

Faraday i oihana March 1, 1813, i ka makahiki o ka 21 makahiki.

He ua maikaʻi uku a anao? Aou no ka noho kaawale i loko o ka attic o ka Institute Royal. Michael ua loaʻoluʻolu, a me kona pilina me ke kula e hou e keʻakeʻa no 54 makahiki, a ma ia la e hoʻokele i ka lilo i Kumu o ke kemika.

Faraday ka hana i, e hoomakaukau i ka ipu no ka hoʻokō 'ia' ia mea a me nā haʻi'ōlelo ma ka hoa kulanui Royal. Initially, ka mea, ua hana mai ai me ka naikokene trichloride, he mea pahū i ua traumatized Davy. Michael, pū, i ka wa a na kekahi Naita me pokole nalowale ike, a me ka wā i poino hou Humphrey, ho okolohua me keia hui ua, ua hele aku.

Mahope o 7 mahina o ka hana ma ka Royal hoa kulanui Davy Faraday la oia i me ia ma luna o ka huakaʻi o 'Eulopa, a mau ae la 18 mahina. Iloko o keia manawa, Michael ua hiki e halawai pu me na haumana nui e like me Andre-Marie Ampere ma Paris, a Alessandro Volta ma Milan. Ma kekahi ano, i ka huakaʻi i auou caiaiai kona kulanui papahelu - Faraday aʻo i ou wahi lihi iki ma keia manawa.

Hapa nui o ka huakaʻi, nae, oia ua i olioli, no ka mea, ma ka hou ana i ka noiʻi 'ana a me ka secretarial hana ua e malama Davy a me kana wahine. I ka wahine o ka nä känaka 'epekema i i manaʻo ia ia iho e like me Faraday no ka mea, o kona kumu.

Ma kona hoʻi i London, a pau iho la i wahi. Royal Institute Keoni a Michael aelike, a māhuahua kona uku. Davy a hiki hoomaka e hōʻike i kona kōkua ma ka 'epekema pepa.

I ka makahiki 1816, ma ka makahiki 24, Faraday i haawi aku i kona mua haʻi'ōlelo e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka mea; Ua Ua paʻa ma ka City Philosophical Society. A laila, i loko o ka "hapahā scientific puke pai",ʻo ia paʻi i kona mua scientific pepa ma luna o ka Ikepili o ke kalipuna hydroxide.

I 1821, i ka makahiki o ka 29 makahiki Faraday i hoʻopiʻi 'ana i ke poo o ka mahiʻai a me ka keʻena hoʻokolohua o ka Institute Royal. I ka hookahi makahiki, ua mare o Herode me ia Sara Barnard. Michael a me kana wahine noho i loko o ke kula, loa o ka ia 46 makahiki, ia mea hou i loko o ka attic, a ma ka nohoʻana ma lumi i i hookahi ku e Hamfri Devi.

I ka 1824 Kawaihae o Faraday (ke kālaikūlohea) Ua kaha maha ma o kona koho me he lālā o ka Royal Society. Ua i kekahi, 'o ka mea ia ia ua he pepeiaohao nui ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao.

I ka makahiki 1825 Faraday physicist lilo ka luna hoʻokele o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua.

I ka makahiki 1833, ua lilo iho la i ka holoi lole Kumu o kemika i ka hoa kulanui o Pelekāne Nui Royal. Faraday, he oihana ia i malamaia oia, a me kona make ana.

I ka makahiki 1848 a me ka makahiki 1858ʻo ia i noi e alai i ka Royal Society, akā, ua hoole mai.

ʻepekema e piʻi like

E wehewehe i ka loaʻa o Faraday ka ke kālaikūlohea, noi aku oi ma mua o kekahi puke. 'Aʻole ma ka iho Albert Eynshteyn ma kana oihana mālama i nā kiʻi wale ekolu kānakaʻepekema: Isaaka Nyutona, James Maxwell a me Michael Faraday.

Oddly lawa, eia nae i ke ola o ke nä känaka 'epekema i hoomaka ai e hoʻohana i ka hua'ōlelo "ke kālaikūlohea", oia iho la i makemake ia, a kapa iho la ia ia iho manawa a ka poe akeakamai. ke kanaka, ka poe i hele i discoveries ma ho okolohua Faraday ua, a ka mea iʻikeʻia e ka mea, i ole kipaku aku i nā manaʻo i hele mai i ke aloha i ka 'epekema kilo.

Inā ka mea, manao iho la ia i ka manaʻo ua waiwai ia, ae hoomau ana i ka hoʻokolohua, manaʻo huhū nui setbacks, oia ua 'aʻole naʻei paʻa ka kakali ana i' ole mea hoi i hoomaopopoia ia i ai Mother Nature hewa ia ia, i ka hana i loa kākaʻikahi.

A Faraday loaa i loko o ke kālaikūlohea? i kekahi o kona mau loa pepeiaohao nui e piʻi like Here.

1821: loaʻa o ka electromagnetic a kuapo

Ua ua he harbinger o ka mea e ho'ōla alakaʻi ai i ka haku o ka pila nui Hawaii. E wehewehe ana i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka pähola' o Oerstedʻume mākenēki waiwai o nā kaula ma i ka pilaʻikena a pele.

1823: kinoea liquefaction a me ka refrigeration

I ka 1802, Dzhon HaleakaLā laila'ōlelo akula i nā mea a pau kinoea hiki ke liquefied ma haʻahaʻa ana wela a me kiʻekiʻe malihini. Physicist Faraday hoao ia empirically. He huli mua chlorine a me ka ammonia i loko o ka wai.

Wai ammonia ua nō hoihoi i loko o ka mea ana, i hoʻomaopopoʻia Maykl Faradey, na ke kālaikūlohea o kona omoāea ke kumu no ka huʻihuʻiʻana. I ka rula o ka anuanu ma ke omoāeaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ua akea kakaʻikahi e William Cullen Edinburgh i loko o 1756 Ka Ho oholo Wae me ka EII ni kuu iho la i ka puʻe i loko o ka alabata, me Etera, i kūpono i loko o kona kokololio omoāea. Ua kena ae la i ke anuanu maila ', a ma ka mawaho o ka alabata mai ka lewa ona mau hana hau.

Ke ano nui o ka puka ana o ka Faraday ua i ke ÿano EII ni hiki ai ke hoʻolilo kinoea i ka wai ma ka mehana ea. A laila, evaporate i ka wai, anuanu a pau a puni, ka hua mai kinoea i ke ohi, a'opihia ma ka EII i loko o ka wai hou, hou i ka pōʻaiapuni. Kēia mea i ke kālā no refrigerators a me ka pahu hau ai e holo.

I ka 1862 ma ka World Exhibition ma London, Ferdinand Carré i hōʻike ai i ke ao nei ka mua kalepa mīkini no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hau. Ma ka mīkini like me ka anuanu wai ammonia ua hoʻohana ', a me ia hua mai la i ka hau i ka uku o ka 200 kg no hora.

1825: loaʻa o ka benzene

Hawaiʻi nei, ua benzene ua lilo kekahi o ka mea nui 'ona i loko o kemika, ma ka mea hiki pono,' o ia hoʻi ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia e hana hou i nā mea, a me kaʻimi naʻauao - .. No ka maopopo' ana o ka Nine Inch hoopaa. Nä känaka 'epekema loaa benzene i loko o ka oily koena kinoea? Iecaianoaaiiuo no kau iho i loko o Lākana.

1831: Faraday ka kānāwai, haʻilula, ke kālaikūlohea o electromagnetic a hoʻokomo

Keia uaʻano nui i loaʻa no ka wā e hiki mai o ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea. Faraday ka Law (ke kālaikūlohea) ua hoakaka ia ka alternatingʻume mākenēki ke kahua induces ka uila pono i loko o ka huakai kaapuni, a me ka mea ua loaʻa electromotive max mea pololei hapaʻauhau i ka uku o ka loli oʻume mākenēki koko. Kekahi o kona hiki 'ikamu | E | = | dΦ / dt |, kahi E - EMF a me F - koko.

No ka laʻana, a neʻe loa ma ka horseshoe Mākēneki uea produces ka uila pono, mai ka neʻeʻana o ka Mākēneki kumu no kaʻume mākenēki alternating kahua. Prior i keia i ka wale kumu o ka mana i ka pu ki. Maykl Faradey, i ka puka ma ka a physicists i hōʻike i ka neʻeʻana hiki ke hoohuliia mai i loko o uila, a, ma ka oi? Iie hua'ōlelo, ka ikehu kinetic hiki ke hoohuliia mai i loko o uila ikehu, kuhina pela a hiki i ka oiaio i ka hapanui o ka ikehu i loko o kā mākou home i keia la ua i pono no keia rula.

Kuapo (kinetic ikehu) ua hoohuliia i ka uila ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i electromagnetic a hoʻokomo. A kuapo, ma ka huli, ua loaa ma ka hana o ke kiʻekiʻe-puʻe mahu mīkini peahi uila ua loaʻa ikehu o ka lanahu, kinoea a me nā'ātoma, a me ka wai i loko o ka puʻuwai o ka ieie-a ea puʻe i loko o ka makani mana mea kanu.

1834: i nā kānāwai o ka electrolysis

Faraday physicist i he nui na makana i ka haku ana o ka hou 'epekema o electrochemistry. Ua wehewehe i ke ahaʻia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka'ūholo uila pauku me ka ionized mea. Mahalo i Electrochemistry ua hoʻohana likiuma-ion iuo aaoa? A me na pu ki aloha, e hanai ana oia lawe limaʻenehana kēia. Faraday mau kānāwai e nui no ko makou hoomaopopo ana o ka'ūholo uila reactions.

1836: he paleia lakou keena hana mea hou i hana muaʻole

Physicist Faraday ike i ka wa a ka uila alakaʻi mele ua kauoha mai, i kekahi oiʻoihana accumulates ma kaʻaoʻao waho ona. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i loko o ka lumi a me nā hīnaʻi manu i mai i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, he hou ka uku ole, aole ia e hōʻike. No ka laʻana, he kanaka e lei ana i ka hoopii Faraday, 'ole. E. Me ka metala naʻau,ʻaʻole olohelohe ia lakou i ka mea mawaho uila. Aʻo kekahi hoʻi i mālama kanaka Faraday nā hīnaʻi manu hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no ka uila a electrochemical ho okolohua ikepili koʻikoʻi i mawaho' ākeʻakeʻa. Loiloi keʻena hiki kekahi hana make cii no ka lawe lima palapala.

1845 e komo ai o ka Faraday hookoia - magneto-'ōnohi ai

Kekahi mea nui hoʻokolohua i loko o ka moʻolelo o ka 'epekema i ka hana no ka manawa mua i ho'āʻo ai i ka pilina o ka electromagnetism a me ka malamalama, i ka 1864, ua ho'ākāka' ia ma loa ma na nā helu kaulike o James Kakauolelo Maxwell. Physicist Faraday loaʻa i ka malamalama o ka hawewe electromagnetic o ka "I ka wa ku ponoʻume mākenēki auamo e ma ka aoao hookahi, ka mea, i kekahi kanawai i polarized malamalama, a pela e hoʻokau i ka pilina ma waena o kaʻume mākenēki ikaika a me ka malamalama ...

1845 loaʻa o ka diamagnetism me ka waiwai o nā mea a pau ia mea

Ka hapanui o kanaka i kama'āina i ferromagnetism i loko o ke kumu hoohalike o keʻike mau nā mākēneki. Faraday (physicist) 'ike akula i nā waiwai a pau diamagnetic - loa o ka ia iki, aka, aia no i ka ikaika. Diamagnetism mea e ku pono ana i ka olelo o ka mea noiʻume mākenēki kahua. No kekahi laʻana, ina e kau i ke kūkulu'ākau laau i ikaika diamagnetic mea, ia e ia i hoʻomaka. Diamagnetism i loko o kekahi mau kumuhana e poloʻai pule ma ka loa ikaika ke kālā no nā mākēneki hiki ke hoʻohana 'e loaʻa ai levitation. E like ola a pau e like me na rana, e diamagnetic a hiki hover i loko o ka ikaikaʻume mākenēki kahua.

hopena

Maykl Faradey, ka physicist kona discoveries revolutionized ka 'epekema, make ma luna o Augate 25, 1867 ma London ma ka makahiki o ka 75 makahiki. Kana wahine ia Sara ola hou. i na keiki i ka hui i. A hiki i kona ola he Karistiano haipule ia ua, a no i ka meaʻuʻuku Protestant aoao sandemaniantsev,

I loko o ke ola i kono i ka hoʻolewa ma ka Westminster Abbey Faraday a me nā aliʻi a me nā aliʻi wahine o Beritania Nui a me ka noiʻi e like Isaac Newton. He ua hoole no ka oi uku ka lawelaweʻia. Kona hale kupapaʻu, a ua i kanu Sara, hiki ke loaʻa ma Highgate pā ilina ma Lākana.