Radioactivity like hoike o ka luna '' ole o nā'ātoma. I ka moolelo o ka Kaka, ho okolohua, ke ano o ka radioactivity

Ma hope o papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kānāwai i ua wehe no ka manawa lōʻihi no kaʻepekema ihola ia incomprehensible nīnau koe. No ke aha la i na waiwai o Nine Inch waiwai hilinaʻi ma luna o lākou'ātoma nuipa a? Ke noiʻi hiki i maopopo i ke kumu no ka hapanui alapine (frequency). Ka mea, i ka hana i nā kānāwai physical hp'pnphp i ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu.

Ka hua o kanaka lima, a me ke ano maoli kŰia?

pāhawewe kŰia maoli ola mau loa. People, mai ka loa kinohi mai o kona mōʻaukala noho i waena o ka ai-kapaia maoli radioactive kahua. Akā, ua lilo radioactivity like hoike o ka luna '' ole o ka'Ātoma ike kŰia wale nō i loko o ka kakahiaka 20th kenekulia.

Mai ka lewa i ka Honua i ka ili honua kīnā o ke ionizing pāhawewe. People i irradiated no hoi, mai ka poe kumu i i na i loko o ka'ōpū o ka honua, a me nā minelala hao. O kekahi hapa o na kanaka kino i ka poe waiwai i ka poe i kaheaia radionuclides. Akā, ma mua o ka pau ana o ka 19th kenekulia keia a pau, nä känaka 'epekema ke wale ke koho.

Naaupo e pili ana i radioactivity

Radioactivity like hoike o ka luna '' ole o nā'ātoma ua ike i ka maʻamau miners. No ka laʻana, ma ka 16th kenekulia alakai mines ma Austria, ma ka ai-kapaia mauna maʻi miners i pepehi em me nā paʻi i loko o ka makahiki o wale 30-40 makahiki. Local wahine mare hou ma mua, hoʻokahi houʻana, e like me ka make ana, uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka poe noonoo ole miners make nei e oi aku mamua o 50 mau manawa. A laila, ma ka loaa ana e like me ke ana o ka radioactivity i i ike. People hiki ole i kuhi i ka mea pepehi uranium hiki e hookomoia ma ka kēpau i eliia. Wale i ka 1879, ua aoia kauka i "mauna maʻi" - Ua nae akemāmā Ka maʻi 'aʻai.

Ka loaʻa o ka radioactive keʻano o ka hanaʻana Becquerel

I ka pau ana o ka 19th kenekulia ka mea i hana 'ia e ke ao, i kūpono i ka radioactivity like hoike o ka luna' 'ole o nā'ātoma lilo i maopopo i ka lehulehu. I ka 1896, noiʻi A. A. Bekkerel loaʻa ia uranium-i loaʻa ka waiwai ke brighten kiʻi papa i loko o ka pouli. Epekema ma hope ike mai i keia waiwai mea ole wale i ka uranium. Next Polish chemist Marie Sklodowska-Curie a me kana kane Pierre Curie loaa mau hou radionuclide: polonium a me ka radium.

Becquerel ka hoao ana iho, ua nani na mea. He i ka uranium paakai, uhi ia i loko o ka pouli-i nā pōpō lole, a laila, hōʻike i loko o ka la, e ike pehea keia waiwai hoʻonui ikehu ua reemitted. Akā, hoʻokahi nä känaka 'epekema nana ana o ka una honua hoʻomaka e glow i ka wā uranium paʻakai i i pale ole, i ka lā. Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea i radioactivity i ike. Becquerel kapaiaʻikeʻole kukuna X-kukuna (like me ka inoa o ka X).

Rutherford ka ho okolohua

Next radioactivity lawe pio ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia nä känaka' epekema Ernest Rutherford. I ka 1899 ka mea i lawe mai i ka ho okolohua e noiʻi i ka kŰia. Ua ninoieo i loko o ka eia. Ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka uranium paakai, a hahao i loko o ka paukūʻolokaʻa i ke kēpau. Ma kekahi wahi paiki puka kahe o ka, alpha (particles) hana 'ia ma luna o nā kiʻi papa, Aia ma ka luna. I kakahiaka ho okolohua, Rutherford i ole hoʻohana i ka electromagnetic a una.

No laila, i ka pā, e like me ia ma ka mua ho okolohua, illuminates ma ka ia wahi. Alaila, hoomaka iho la Rutherford ai pili aku i kaʻume mākenēki kahua. I ka ia mea he uuku cia hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i loko o nā mea ulana lole hoʻomaka. A hiki aku ka meaʻume mākenēki ke kahua ua mahuahua nui, aia no he pouli kohu. Ma ka mooolelo. Ke'ōlelo mai nāʻano likeʻole o ka radioactivity i ike: Alpha, Hoʻokolohua a me ka gamma pāhawewe.

Ka hopena o nā haʻawina ma muli o

Ma hope o nā mea a pau i kēia mau hana, a ua lilo i mea kaulana i hoike o ka radioactivity luna '' ole o nā'ātoma. Aia hoʻi, eʻikeʻia ia mea, keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka nucleus o ka'Ātoma hiki aku i ka pāhawewe. He kūpono e hoole ia, mai ka manawa o ka wa kahiko Greece, Ua noʻonoʻo i ka'Ātoma indivisible huna o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ka hua'ōlelo "'Ātoma" 'o ia hoʻi "indivisible". E like me ka hopena, ua aoia hoi noiʻiʻepekema e pili ana i kanaka noho'na makaainana i ulu electromagnetic a pāhawewe, e like me hou'ātoma (particles) - ia he nuiʻanuʻu mua i ke kālaikūlohea. Radioactivity, a i weheia malamalama o ka 'epekema ma ka wanaao o ka hou ke kenekulia, hoao iho la i ka'Ātoma ua maoli puunaueia i na hapa.

'ole o ka'Ātoma

Hoʻokolohua haʻawina, ka mea i hoopaaia i ka'Ātoma loaʻa i ka luna '' ole. Ua ninoieo o ka nucleus a negatively kauoha electrons. I ka 1932, i manaoia e ka German physicist Heisenberg kapa proton-neutron Lūkini noiʻi Ivanenko a me Gapon E., a me ka nānā 'ole o ko lākou mau kumu hoʻohālike o ka' ole o ka'Ātoma. E like me ia i kēia manaʻo, ke'Ātoma ninoieo o (particles), kapaʻia protons a me neutrons. Ka mea, i hui pu ia ma ka na pūʻulu o nucleons.

Kokoke i ka anai nuipa o ka'Ātoma mea i loko o kona nucleus. Protons, neutrons a me electrons i hana i ka waeʻano o kula haʻahaʻaa (particles). E like me ka hopena o ka mana haʻawina, ka mea i loaʻa i ka pūkaʻina helu o ka waiwai i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika'ōnaehana a hehee wale like me ka malama ana o kona nucleus.

Nā waiwai o ka radionuclides

E maopopo i ka radioactivity, a pehea e pili ai i ka 'ole o ka'ātoma nucleus, ia mea e pono ai i ka Haku i kekahi mau mea hua'ōlelo. No ka laʻana, e kapa radionuclides, radioactive isotopes. Ka mea, i ike okoa mai lolelua ka mea iʻokoʻa hapa-ola.

Radioactive isotopes, haliu ae la ia i loko o nā isotopes, e kumu o ka ionizing pāhawewe. Other radionuclides i kekahi mau degere o ka volatility. Kekahi e decompose no ka haneri, a me na tausani o ka makahiki. Oia lōʻihi-noho radionuclides kapa. E like me he kumu ke malama i na isotopes o ka uranium. Pōkole-Noho radionuclides, ma ka kekahi lima, wāwahi loa koke: ma ka mea o nā kekona, minuke paha mahina.

He aha ka ke radioactivity?

Unit o ka radioactivity - mea 1 Becquerel. Inā he mea i ka lua o kekahi palaho, ka mea, ua olelo mai ia i ka ha awina o ka ua kālaiōewe o kekahi Becquerel. Activity - keia mea no ka nui e leie aku mākou i ke kiÿeleo i ka'opi o ka mana o ka makemakika. Mua,ʻepekema hoʻohana kekahi pa alima o ka radioactivity - Curie. Ka lākiō ma waena o ia penei: 1 Key Helu 37 ieeeea? Bq.

Pela ka mea, mea pono e maopopo ma waena o ka ha awina o Oko a ka mńlamalama o ka waiwai, no ka laʻana 1 kg, a me 1 mg. Activity o ka mea i ho'ākāka 'dala o ka waiwai i loko o ka' epekema kapaia kekahi haʻawina. Kēia waiwai He inversely hapaʻauhau a hiki i ka hapa-ola.

radioactivity weliweli

Radioactivity like hoike o ka luna '' ole o nā'ātoma i manaoia kekahi o ka noho pilikia loaʻike manaʻo. E aʻo hou e pili ana i keia kŰia, kanaka i kumu maikai e makau i ka hopena. He nui i ka manaʻo i ka nui hoʻoweliweli e lawe gamma pāhawewe. Akā, ia mea ole pela, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, ia mea i ke ola mau olelo hooweliweli. Waiū e pāhawewe Ua nui hou aku ka mea, no o kona penetrating mana. O ka holo ana, gamma kukuna, keia huahelu Ua oi aku, no ka mea hoike, i ka Hoʻokolohua-kukuna. Akā, i ka weliweli ka i nānā 'ia e kēia' inideka a me ka mahele lāʻau.

One a me ka ua mahele lāʻau i e palekana i kānaka me ka kino kaumaha a me ka pilikia no ka mea 'ē aʻe. Waiū i ionizing pāhawewe ua nānā 'ia ma ka hoʻohana' ana i ka 'inideka o ke kemu mahele lāʻau. Akā,ʻo kēia mea,ʻaʻole lawa no ka poino helu. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,ʻaʻole i like pilikia loa na pāhawewe. P ÷ ino emissivity kapa kaumaha. Unit o ka radioactivity i ua hoʻohana 'ia e ke kiÿeleo i ka pāhawewe mahele lāʻau me ke kaumaha kaʻi lau waiwai, i kapaʻia Sievert.