Salt. 'amoniuma bicarbonate

He aha ka paʻakai?

I ka papa o Nine Inch hui i loaʻa i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia cation a'amoniuma cation, hui pu me ka anion o kaʻakika moiety i ka nōhie inoa - paʻakai. Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o maʻamau (a meakino),ʻakika, walaʻauʻana, papalua, hydrate (mea pōaka hydrate) eiiieaena.

No ka maʻamau (ole meakino) paʻakai wehewehe aku ma ka piha hope o ka hydrogen cations maʻakika lātoma ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia a'amoniuma cation, e like me paʻakai sulphate Na2SO4 a paʻapuna CaCO3.

Inā kaʻakika lātoma o ka hydrogen cations hapa 'ia' hookomoia ma ka cation, ua kapaia iaʻakika paʻakai, no kekahi laʻana,'amoniuma bicarbonate NH4HCO3 a paʻakai hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3.

Inā ua i ka waihona ipu lātoma ole loa a me ka hapa hakahaka o ka hydroxyl pūʻulu ma kaʻakika'ano'ē, ua kapaia ka paʻakai i hana walaʻauʻana, no ka laʻana, keleawe digidroksokarbonat (CuOH) 2CO3.

Ma ka haʻilula he mau papalua paʻakai o okoa cations, e laʻa me, Aluminum me potasiuma i loko o ka potasiuma alum Kal (SO4) 2 • 12 H2O.

Ma ka haʻilula, ka hui paakai he elua okoa anion, e laʻa me, Hekikai CaCl (OCl).

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka hydrate paʻakai nā nā lātoma o crystallization wai, e laʻa me, ke keleawe sulufahate (uliuli) CuSO4 • 5 H2O.

ʻO nā lātoma komo o ka luna 'paʻakai a luna' cation luna 'anion, e laʻa me, koloriside tetraammintsinka (II) [(Zn (NH3) 4)] Cl2.

E like me ka paʻakai i hana inoa?

mau hua'ōlelo i hiki mai i loko o ka inoa o ka paʻakai. Ka mua - ka inoa o ka anion, a ku ma ka nominative hihia. I ka lua o ka'ōlelo (ma ka genitive hihia) ua loko mai o ka inoa o ka cation. No kekahi laʻana: paʻakai sulphate Na2SO4, hao sulufahate (II) FeSO4, hao sulufahate (III) Fe2 (SO4) 3, paʻapuna CaCO3, keleawe koloriside CuCl2. Ka inoaʻakika paʻakai ma mua o ka inoa ua palapala anion pākuʻina kau "hydro" a me ka pākuʻina kau "bi-", inā i loko o ka lātoma koe kekahi unsubstituted hydrogen cation. Inā ua hydrogen koe mau cations, ua kākau i ka anion pākuʻina kau "dihydro" ka inoa. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike hydrogencarbonate (ole bicarbonate) NaHCO3 pāʻoihana (keia paakai ua iʻikeʻia me (baking soda)), paʻakai dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4.

'amoniuma bicarbonate. haʻilula

I haʻilulaʻakika carbonicʻakika paʻakai NH4HCO3, ai ka'amoniuma cation ua i hui pū HCO3- anion i hanaʻia ma ka hapa hakahaka ma ka lātoma o kaʻakika hydrogen cation i ka ikaika hoopiiia'amoniuma ion. Ia mea, he haawi lātoma o kaʻakika paakai maupaʻa he cation o'amoniuma NH4 +, pili me kekahi anion me ka hea hydrogencarbonate HCO3-. I ka haʻilula nui o ka Hill'ōnaehana ua palapala like: CH5NO3. Ke hakakino kaupaona ana, a me ka waiwai a pau o 79,06. e ka. m.

waiwai

'amoniuma bicarbonate mea he'okanikaʻole hui ma ka nānā aku - ia Colorless nā pōaka me ka rhombic puka olu oia. Nuʻa He 1,586 g. / Cm3 (ma 20 ° C). Ka mahu puʻe, piʻi pū mai ka 59 mm o. Hg. Art. (At 25,4 ° C) i 278 mm o. Hg. Art. (Ma 45 ° C).

'amoniuma bicarbonate mea i wailana ma ka ethanol a me ka acetone. Loa wailana i loko o ka wai: me ka mahuahua ana wela i ka solubility o kaʻakika paakai, piʻi pū mai 11,9 g. / 100 g. (I 0 ° C) i 36,6 g. / 100 g. (Ma 40 ° C).

'amoniuma bicarbonate decomposes me ka CO2 hoʻokuʻu mua ma 20 ° C. I ka wela o 36-70 ° C paakai decomposes ma koʻana koko pāʻoihana. E like me ka hopena, ammonia ua hookuu, hua mai la i ka wai a me carbon dioxide i: NH4HCO3 → NH3 ↑ + CO2 ↑ + H2O.

No ka mea, o ka hydrolysis mea he koʻana koko pāʻoihana o ka weakly'ākilikai naoh. I ka ohui i kekahi kia ammonia pāʻoihana ua hana maʻamau paʻakai: NH4HCO3 + NH3 → (NH4) 2CO3.

Ma lalo o ka hana ana o nāʻakika a me alkalis e lukuia e kaʻakika paakai naoh nā helu kaulike: NH4HCO3 + HCl → NH4Cl + H2O + CO2 ↑ a NH4HCO3 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + NH3 • H2O + H2O.

'amoniuma bicarbonate. ? eaia

Like a pau hydrogencarbonates,ʻakika'amoniuma paakai mea obtainable ma ka lōʻihi alahele i carbon dioxide ma ka haumāna'amoniuma paakai pāʻoihana: (NH4) 2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NH4HCO3.

Ma lalo o mehana wela (30 ° C) meakino paʻakai ia lŘlŘ kona thermal decomposition i ka ammonia a me kaʻakika paʻakai: (NH4) 2CO3 → 2 NH4HCO3 + NH3.

Inā ka wai mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia carbon dioxide i a me ka ammonia ia mea i hiki ke loaa kaʻakika'amoniuma paʻakai: NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3.

palapala noi

'amoniuma bicarbonate ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka meaʻai hana: Radio ke kūlana o Nine Inch berena hū Agena i loko o ka? iecaianoaaiiie o confectionery a me ka Hale Puhi Palaoa nā huahana. Ua ua ike ia no ka hookiekie ana i ka hou hoao ana i hoʻohana paʻakai bicarbonate NaHCO3. Akā, kona palapala noi i emi ka hoʻokō, no ka mea, o ka puakai a me nā pōʻalo wili a baking hiki aku ai i ka oi kokololio ana o ka mea i hanaʻia ma ka naoh me carbonicʻakika kinoea, a ma keia hihia, i ka palaoa e ole lush a me ka maʻalahi.

'amoniuma bicarbonate ua hoʻohana 'ia no tanning a me dyeing o ka lole fabrics: he kaʻina hana o ka wehe unfixed kalameaʻai (ole stripper) mea i ka läÿau, no ka'amoniuma paʻakai nā'amoniuma bicarbonate.

Ka waiwai hoʻohana i ka mahiai me ka preservative o ka hānai (retard palaho, hiki mahuahua i ka maluhia), e like me ka pono me he mea hoʻomomona no ka uala, ka lau a me kaʻohi ai. Hoʻohana 'ia i kona mau waiwai, e' ūlōlohi paha poe oopa i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka nitrification o ka lepo.

'amoniuma bicarbonate ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka uranium hoʻouku, metallurgical na hana, e like me ka pono me ka lapaau (i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā wikamina). Ma ke aloha hoʻololi kemikala o ka maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Nine Inch, e like me'amoniuma paʻakai.