Soviet circus: ka 'aoʻao o ka moʻolelo

Ka hapa nui o ka poe i hanau ma ka USSR, i ole kanalua i ka Soviet circus - i ka maikaʻi i loko o ke ao nei. Ka mea, o ko makou oi illusionists "Magic," clowns - he kūoʻo, a me ka holoholona trainers a me acrobats - me ka wiwoʻole, a me ka wiwo 'ole. Trekking i ka circus ua he Holiday nui no nā mākua a me nā keiki a pau. Akā, i ka Soviet circus i i hele mai mai o wahi. About pehea e hoʻomōhala i ka Soviet circus, ke uhi i loko o kēia 'atikala.

I ka moolelo o Lūkini circus oe

A hiki i ka wa o Kievan Rus ma ko kakou aina ia i waiho i ka mua "anoano" o ka circus kilokilo, e like me ka mea e hoikeike ma na frescoes ma Kiev St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui, ka launa pū hoʻi i 1070-1075 makahiki. Ka mea, eh ÷ ike ai i ka Competition lio a me kēia ho'āla kaua, tightrope Walker me ka auamo. I ia mau lā ia mau aliʻi i kēia me itinerant acrobats a me nā alakaʻi o ka bea, clowns a me jugglers hana ma ka kulanakauhale mika pāhoʻonui lua, EIA a me na aiiia, kahaha ko oukou naau a me ka leʻaleʻa kanaka. Ke kupu pāʻoihana ma Rusia he buffoons XV-XVI kenekulia.

Mahalo i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o Peter I loko o ka XVIII kenekulia i loko o ke kapikala a me ka nui kulanakauhale hoomaka ho okumu i nohona ola , a hoomaka ae la e hele mai Europa holoholo mākou i circus, i ka pilina i ka kokololio kūpono 'ana o ke circus kilokilo ana.

Ke heyday o Lūkini circus ua noʻonoʻo XIX kenekulia. Ka mea, ua i keia manawa a hele nui Balagan maikai ia e hoohalike ai i ke komo 'ana o' âlapa a me gymnasts, jugglers a me acrobats, hula a me ka magoi, e like me Artists o nā Huli i. Me ka hana i loko o fairground hale malumalu hoomaka noʻeau 'oihana a me Nikitin Durov poʻe hoahānau, e like me na mea e ae. An nui milestone i loko o ka ulu ana o Lūkini circus i ka loaʻa mai o ka pohaku hale mua: ma St. Petersburg ma ka embankment, i ka makahiki 1877-ka m, ma Moscow, i nā pōpō ka Boulevard i ka 1880.

Ke muli o ka Soviet circus

Ma hope iho o nā hanana o Okatoba 1917 ma laila i ua mea hou i loko o ke ola a me ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini circus nō. Ka Bolsheviks, e mālama nei moʻomeheu kipi hoʻolako moku'āina kākoʻo circus, a i ka mea i ikaika ideological paahana ma i loaʻa ka hopena ma luna o nā nā paʻi hua. An nui ole ma luna o ka ulu o ka Soviet circus i ke kānāwai "Ma ka unification o moʻolelo keaka wale pāʻoihana", i kakau ia ma August 1919, Ulyanov-Lenin. E like me ia i kēia palapala, a pau ka circus a me ka moʻolelo keaka wale waiwai paha i ka nationalization. Eia naʻe, holomua Uaʻano mālie, a ma ka 1922 i ka wahi lulu circus oia o elua wale moku'āina o Moscow. A laila,ʻano koke, ma ka pono ekolu makahiki, he hou 15 circuses i loko o kekahi kūlanakauhale o ka Soviet aupuni, hoomaka ae la. Ua wehe ia ka mua i loko o Nizhny Novgorod Fair Soviet circus halelewa. A laila, i nationalized la lakou, restructured, a hoʻomaka e haawi E hoike mai a me ka hana i loko o Leningrad, Tver, Rostov-ma-Don, Orel, Kiev, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kazan, Tula. Ka hapa nui o na lumi i ua hoʻouna 'ia ma ka'āina'ē, e like me kā lākou mau hana noʻeau pana pua aku makou hala, a me kā lākou nui o ke aʻo meaʻilihune. E hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia i ka 1926, i hoʻonohonoho circus nō papa, ka mea a laila lilo E noa ka School, kahi ana i ao mai ai i ka Artists mua o ka Soviet circus.

lilo ana

Ma ka hopena o 1920s - i kakahiaka nui 1930s ma luna o ka wahi lulu circus Arena he nui hou maikai loa, i hoomakaukauia e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka wehewehe ana oia i ideology a me ka honua nānaina o nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi. Ma hope o ke kala i ka 1936 o ka ho film ma ka hana noʻeau i loko o ka Soviet circus ua hiki mai i ka hanauna hooeueuia lakou a me ka pololi no ka nani o ka opiopio Artists. Ia mea i keia manawa, hiki i ka piko mua o ka hiʻona o ka nui 'āhua Karandash (HI Rumyantsev), ua nui loa o ka trapeze Artists Valentino a me Mihaila Volginyh, anoano strikers holoʻokoʻa i hele mai ai me kona poe akamai Walker hoahanau Svirina a me Paulo Tarasov. Mākou hiki maluhia olelo ia i loko o nā kanakolu a me forties o ka XX kenekulia ka Soviet circus ua ulu kona mau hanana, a hiki wawe ka recognizable kaila.

Nā makahiki a me kaua mau lāʻau kū-ke kaua

Circus Arena lawe i Artists o kekahi ano moʻokalaleo Ke na ano like hoʻi nâ mea a me ka hoomanawanui, koa a me ka manaopaa i loko o ka hoʻokō 'pahu hopu. hoike mai a pau o ia i loko o pilikia wartime ana. Ilamuku Chernyakhovsky ole casually hōʻike i ka circus Artists like kanaka kila külana.

Soviet circus i ka Great Patriotic War, i ae nui o ka pōʻino. E like me ka hopena o ka bombing, i luku nui na hale, akā, i loko o nā makahiki loa paʻakikī o ke kaua, me ka Soviet aupuni i ana, e kākoʻo i ka circus au kahiko.
E lilo pailota, paratroopers, sappers, gunners haku o ka Arena. Ma ka lua o ka lā o ka poʻe kaua o nā lio, ai alakaʻiʻia M. Tuganova, pu me nā lio, ua hui i ka lio mau pūʻali Dovatora. Ka i koe, Artists hoomau hana me ka noʻeau eiiaiaeu, haawi mai la i ka Concert ma ka mua laina, a ma ka haukapila e kū pono, i alahao wahi a me koa. Popular ua me na koa, a me ka poe hana satirical helu i hoike mai i ka Soviet circus'āhua Mihail Nikolaevich Rumyantsev (peni), Boris Vyatkin, Konstantin Berman.

He nui no na Artists i make ma ke alo, a me ka poe ola i loko o ke kia-kaua makahiki, pu me ka mea'ōpiopio koʻokoʻo hoomaka ae la e hoihoi a hoʻomohala i ka circus kilokilo, a laila ike i ka mea maikaʻi i loko o ke ao nei.