Steel R6M5: na ano, noi

Oka a hehee ai o ka walu o ka pae ana o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika Mendeleyev System o'ātoma helu 26 (hao) me kekahi kalapona a me nā kumu mua mau kapa kila. Ua loaʻa kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika a me ka paakiki, nele ductility a me ka toughness ma muli o ke kalapona. Alloying hehee wale hoomahuahua i ka maikaʻi 'ano o ka oka a pau. Eia naʻe kila ua manaoia e lilo i kekahi mea hao mea a iloko ona i kakauia ma ka liʻiliʻi 45% hao.

E noonoo oe i ka oka a pau e like me kila R6M5, a aʻo mea ano e, ua a ma i wahi ua i hoʻohana.

Manganese me he alloying hehee ai

A hiki i ka XIX kenekulia no ka iapaau ana o ka ole-ferrous i eliiaʻi a me ka wahie hoʻohana kalapona kila. Her ana ano no keia mea he lawa. Naʻe, i ka wa ana i ka hoʻopololei kila wahi hoʻa'ā i loa koke komo mai a hiki ino.

English metallurgist Robert Myushett ma ia mea i loaʻa i ka mea e hana i ka oka a oi mau nō, ia mea e pono ke hui aku i ka oxidant, a e kuu mai ia ia, mai ka ka oxygen oi. Ka nou ana la o kila Steel hui hao aniani, i pihaʻi manganese. No ka mea, o ka alloying hehee ai, kona pakeneka e ole oi 0,8%. Penei, kila R6M5 maupaʻa mai ka 0.2% a 0.5% manganese.

tungsten hao

Kela manawa, i ka makahiki 1858 ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka oka a me ka tungsten hana nui ka noiʻi a me metallurgists. Ka mea, ike iho la i keia mea i kekahi o ka loa refractory ke hooheheeia. Ohui ia i ke kila me ka alloying hehee ai ua 'ae' e loaa i ka oka a pau i hiki ke ku imua o ke kiʻekiʻe mahana, a aole hoi e komo mai.

Steel R6M5 be 5.5-6.5% tungsten. Oka a pau a me kona Contents pinepine hoʻomaka me ka palapala "P" a ua kapa kiʻekiʻe-māmā. Steel i mua i hoomakaukauia i ka makahiki 1858 godu Myushettom i loaʻa ka 9% tungsten, 2,5% manganese a me 1,85 kalapona. Ma hope, ohui i ka hou 0,3% C, 0,4% Cr a wehe% HI 1,62, W 3,56%, metallurgist loaa oka a pau i kapaʻia Samokaev (P6M5). E like me kona ano, ia mea i like loa me ka P18 kila.

deficiency o tungsten

O ka papa, i loko o nā 1860s, ka wā nui o na kumu a pau ma ka piha loa, tungsten kila me ka hou i noʻonoʻo i ka loa mau nō. Over manawa, i kēia hehee ai i loko o ke ano maoli ua noho uuku, a me ka uku no ka mea, ua ulu ana.

Mai ka aneiai wahi o ka manao, e hui aku i ka nui nui o W i loko o ke kila ia lilo impractical. No keia kumu, kila R6M5 ke nânâ i nui oi hiʻona ma mua o P18. ka ike ana i ko lakou Nine Inch haku mele 'ana ma hope, ua hiki ke ike i ka tungsten maʻiʻo ma P18 - 17-18,5%, ana, e like me ia ma ka tungsten-molybdenum oka a - i ai i kekahi i kā mākou o 6.5%. Eia kekahi, ia samokale hoike mai i 0,25% ke keleawe, a mai ia 5,3% molybdenum.

Other alloying oihana mua

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka luna kalapona, manganese, tungsten a me ka molybdenum, kila R6M5 i kekahi i loko o kona haku mele 'ana o ka cobalt (0.5%), chromium (4.4%), keleawe (0.25%), vanadium (2.1%) phosphorus (0.03%), luaipele (0.025%), nikala (0.6%) silikone (0.5%). No ke aha la i ka mea e pono ai?

Kēlā me kēia no ka alloying hehee ai i kona mau kuleana pili i. No ka laʻana, chromium ua koi 'ia no ka thermal ka ponaʻana, a me ka nikala maoli i ka (viscosity). Molybdenum a me ka vanadiumʻaneʻane hoʻopau brittleness ma hope o miko. Kekahi o ia alloying hehee wale hoʻoikaika i ka waiwai o ke kila likeʻulaʻula paakiki a me ka wela paakiki.

Steel R6M5, na ano o ka a mākou i këia, ma ka paakiki, moku'āina i ka paakiki o HRC 66 ma ka hōʻike mahana o ka 600 ° C. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ke ahiahi, me ka ikaika paio hahana maoli nō ka mea, aole ia kona' ano o ka ikaika e lilo aku, a, no laila, 'aʻole e kapa mai a me ka mea i ino.

inoa R6M5

Wehewehe kila hilinaʻi nui ma luna i ka mea, ua i, i ka loaʻa o alloying hehee wale, a he nui kalapona. No nāʻano i kā lākou mau designations. Inā, no ka mea hoike, o ka oka a he alloying hehee wale, ka mea, ua denoted "knm" a me ka ae helu i Hōʻike ka awelika kalapona ka maʻiʻo ma ke kila (St20, St45).

Ka mua haʻahaʻa-oka a oka a pau o ka pakeneka o ke kalapona, a laila, i ka palapala denoting ka Nine Inch hehee (10HSND, 20HN4FA). Inā e hiki mai ana ia lakou, e like me ia ma ka hoohalike, he mea he helu o nā huahelu - 'o ia hoʻi kahi o kela mea keia mea o lakou, aole ia i oi aku 1%. Ka leka "R" i loko o ka oka a hehi iho la i ka 'ia ia mea he HSS (kokololio).

Ma hope ka mea, he mea he helu - o ka pakeneka o ka tungsten (P9, P18), a me ka hou, palapala a me nā huahelu - o ka alloying hehee wale, a me ko lakou pakeneka. Mai keia ka mea, penei i kiʻekiʻe ka māmā holo kila R6M5 kekahi mau mai i ka 6% tungsten, a i ka 5% molybdenum.

annealing

E like me ka rula,? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka oka a panina, a noi ai i nā mea a pau kiʻekiʻe-māmā steels. Naʻe, ka mea e e kaʻikaʻiʻia ma ka manaʻo i ka mea e tungsten-molybdenum oka a ua maoli mau nō, paa a me kaʻaʻahu, e pono e annealed.

Inā 'ē aʻe ahi, no kekahi laʻana, ST45, i annealing lilo aku kona ikaika ka waiwai, ka mea kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki, ma ka mea ku ole, e hou, a lilo ikaika a me ka oi paa. I mea no ke aha la R6M5 annealed mua e hoopaakiki. Pehea ke ano o keia hana?

Hoolimalima (e laʻa me, pūnaewele "kila R6M5") o ma kahi o 22 mm o loko o ka umu ahi kūikawā mea wela i ka wela o ka 870 ° C, laila, ho'ēmi i 800 ° C, a laila, enaena hou. Oia pōʻaiapuni hiki ia ma kahi o 10.

Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka lima o ka pono, e emi i ke ana wela i nā. No ka laʻana, akā, hou hahana maoli nō kēia i ka 850 ° C ua ho'ēmi i ka 780 ° C. A no laila, ma luna o ka mea a hiki i ka nui o ka 600 ° C.

Oia ka luna 'annealing kaʻina hana ku i ke alo o ka austenite mānoanoa ko loko o ka doped oka a pau, i mea mahalo undesirable. Hahana maoli nō kēia a me ka huʻihuʻiʻana maximizes mea hoʻoheheʻe alloying hehee wale, akā, no ka austenite e ole ulu.

Ināʻaʻole ke ku imua o ka mahana, a hana annealing ma ke ana wela i oi mamua o 900 ° C, no ka mahuahua nui o ka austenite ua hana a me ka paakiki o ka oka a emi. Anuanu maila ua pono e hoʻohana i ka aila auau, ka mea e hoola mai ka tungsten-molybdenum oka a mawae a me nadkoly.

Ke manufacturing iaoiaeii R6M5

O ka holo ana, e like kekahi me ka oka, R6M5 hua mai la i ka likeʻole nui like 'ole. Pela, ma kekahi pōʻeleʻele loa ua hoolei wela-ka māmā holo kila i ingots. Ma ka 'ē aʻe o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kona wela-ua olokaaiaʻe mai ka paahana. E hana i kēia, i ka pii kai kī crimped ma waena o ka palapala o ka mea ua hiolo wili. Kona ano ua loaa, e hilinaʻi ma ka kinona o na mau pua ia lakou iho.

Brand kila R6M5 hoʻomano hoʻohana no ka māhele ke hoʻohana i kiʻekiʻe mahana. No keia mea, i loko o nā makahiki he nui kaulana ala o ka hana ana i kila mea he lepo lā.

I ka hookahe no o ka wela kila ingots, ka loa kokololio kimu o carbides mai o ka heheʻe. Ma kekahi mau mea, ka mea hana i ka pili-ʻaʻahu māhele o ka huhui waina a lākou, a me ka wā e hiki mai o ka aina hanau o ka mawae.

A hiki aku i ka hana o ka lepo, he kūikawā he lepo lā, a pau i ka mea eiiiiiaiou pau i loaʻa i loko o ia mele. Kona kūikawā sintered i loko o ka holo ipu me ka ka mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka puʻe. Kēia ka poʻea pau i ka mea i ka mea huli homogeneous.

palapala noi

Steel R6M5 hoʻomano hoʻohana i loko o nā hana. Loa pinepine ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hana o ke oki mea paahana no ka huli, mīkini wili pōhaku a me kaʻeli machines i loko o ka hana. O ke kumu ho i kona ano o ka ikaika, ka wela ia'ku, paakiki.

E like me ka rula, ka mea, ua i mai o? Eou, taps, make, kālai. Ke kalai hoʻopololei kila R6M5 nui no ka oki ma kiʻekiʻe ka māmā holo, ma ka hou, 'aʻole i koi refrigeration Gomel. R6M5 kila pahi - ia mea no hoi e uncommon.

Mai tungsten-molybdenum oka a ua kiʻekiʻe paakiki a me ka kiʻekiʻe (viscosity), ka mea, ua pinepine ia no ka hana ana o ke kōmi 'a me na mea kaua ikaika a me ka nani lauana.

Alloying nā kumumea i loko o ka koi dala ae e hana i kekahi hanana kila, i mea aneane, aole i ka popo, a he maikai grindability. Ua apono 'no ka palama hana ana ka māmā holo mahuahua ka 4 manawa.

Ua Ua hoi hoʻohana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka wela-hoʻopale poepoe nā mea pilihao e hana ma kiʻekiʻe mämä holo i ka wela o 500-600 ° C. Analogues R6M5 oka mea P12 R10K5F5, R14F4, R9K10, R6M3, R9F5, R9K5, R18F2, 6M5K5. Inā tungsten-molybdenum oka mea nui ia no ka manufacturing i kahi mea paahana no ka roughing (? Eou, mīkini wili pōhaku kālai), ka vanadium (R14F4) hoʻopau (kahili, broaching). pono nei ma luna o kēlā me kēia ohi kila omaka ke hoike nei oe i ka mea, Ka i mai o ka oka a pau.