Topsoil, densely ulu me ka herbaceous mea kanu - i ke kumu o ka fertility

Topsoil, ua hoopili i ulu me herbaceous mea kanu ma ka lepo 'epekema i kapa turf. Mai ka fertility o ka pomaikai o ka aina hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka moana lipolipo. He mea känalua 'o Franklin Delano Roosevelt (kanakolu-lua o ka Peresidena o ka United States) i mai la i na kanaka, e luku i ka lepo, e ho'ōla pepehi iho.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka lepo ho okumu: no ke aha la ka fertility o nāʻokoʻa?

No ka mea kahua o ka lepo ma ka honua, Ua wehewehe aku ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Initially kipaku loa ia'na o ka pōhaku lalo o ka hana o ka mahana loli, ka makani a me ka wai. A liilii i hana marl - keia mea i ka iniiaiie nā minelala hao (pōaka, feldspar , etc.). He haawi mai i ka manawa e noho ke aloha.

mosses a me lichens, microorganisms ka mua hoʻoneʻe lilo. Kā lākou hana e ola e hoʻololi i ka ahu iho, e lilo ia i pono no ke ola ana i loko o ka mea, o ke kiekie mea kanu. I kekahi kahua me ka ua kalele iho ma luna o ke aniau. Ka nui 'ano kūpono (kiekie ae mahana, emi mai ona mau, me ka nele o ka lōʻihi-makahiki hau), i ka lilo a me ka wikiwiki i ke kaʻina hele hou aku. Ia mea, ma ka mea i hanaʻia ma mua o ka akau poe ka hema soils. Ma ka lepo-ho okumu i kaʻina e loli ai i ka'āina - kumu hiki oleʻokoʻa ma ka hoʻokemuʻana i ka ona, ka wai kahe i lalo, e stagnates: ma luna o nā kumu, a ma na awawa, o ka lepo mea okoa.

Hōʻuluʻulu i, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka lepo uhi okoa localities oko ma hionapāʻili - mai ke one a hiki i ka lepo, ma ka Nine Inch - mai ka ho'āno podzolic mai, i ka wai? Eia - mai ka ie-maoli i ka loa. Ma kona maemae ka lepo me he loa ke nānā palapala likeʻole subtypes ma lalo o ka aoao o ka likeʻole maoli aʻe.

He aha mea i ka inoa topsoil?

Lepo Profile (Profile hoʻopapakū) loaʻa paha kekahi mau papa, i kapaia lipolipo. Ka luna momona, ahu iho o ka lepo (moana lipolipo) ua kapaia humus, ka mea e hiki mai ana - ke hoʻololi, ka hope - lepo-ho okumu i.

Ka mānoanoa a me ka haku mele 'ana (fertility) humus moana lipolipo hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Honua. Irrational kanaka hopena mea detrimental i ka lepo kulana - kūpono e noho ai o ke ki ina hana like o ka aina mahi, e pakaʻoi loa-kiʻekiʻe ulu pepehi i ka humus, ahu iho o kona'aʻaiawāʻana. Deforestation a me ke ahi pinepine hoʻololi i ka maka o ka Honua'ōmaʻomaʻo. Wind a me ka ua ke hoʻokō 'ia i ka lukuia'na.

Ma lepo fertility hana ola microorganisms. I waena o lākou e pōʻino haʻawina i: iʻohi residues (mauu, hay, lau, twigs, Fish), holoholona iho (ilo, nā mea kolo, koʻohune, anakahi iki-meaola). Ke aloha a me ka Nine Inch hui kapa humus, a ua hoolilo i ka humusʻalihi moana. Microflora a me microfauna, hana o kapa microbiocenosis a me ka hoʻonaʻauao 'hoihoi hou ia ana o ka momona ka lepo,.

momona lepo papa

Mulch - he mua ahu iho la ka momona lepo.

Kēia ahu waiho malalo iho o ko kakou mau wawae - nō hoʻi a me ka holoholona koe. Ma lalo o kā lākou ahu iho la ka ola'ūhini lele me, heʻano o nā ilo, nahu,ʻuku lele. Lākou helu e hiki i kekahi mau tons no aa, ec eioi. A pau keia mea he nui helu o ka mea uuku ka loaʻeleu Aloha Hawaii, e hele nei, ai, paʻi, hookuu kanaka neoneo, make i loko o ka hopena. Lākou koe decomposed i ka iniiaiie moku'āina. Topsoil, ua hoopili i ulu me ka herbaceous mea kanu, ia lŘlŘ wale ma lalo o 'ano kūpono.

Vermicompost - he lua ahu iho la ka momona lepo.

Ua ninoieo o ka wao akua microflora ke ola a me ka microfaunal mua, ahu iho koe iho, kanu koe. Ma kekahi wahi o ka mānoanoa mea nui - mai i 20 mau kenimika. Vermicompost o ka meakino ma i na mea kanu i ole malnourished wale, akā, i hoola (hoʻomōhala) lākou e hoʻonele.

Absurd hohonu mahi (eli) luku, ahu iho vermicompost, a me ka anoano i luluia ma hope o kēia kaʻina hana, e haawi frail mea kanu.

Biomineral (kolu) ahu iho la ka momona lepo.

Topsoil, densely ulu me ka mauʻu wanawana, mulch i malama i ka'āina, mai maloʻo ana mai ma ka kekahi lima, ma luna o ka mea 'ē aʻe - e leie aku ona mau e komo iloko hohonu i loko. Ma keia hohonu e hoolilo a koe decomposed kanu, pu me vermicompost. Biochemical reactions 'ia i loko o ua ahu iho la, loaa biomineral mea hoʻomomona no ka ulu ana o ka mea kanu. Nā aʻa o nā mea kanu komo nui i loko o ka lepo (kokoke i hohonu e like me ka mea kanu kiʻekiʻe), loaa kūpono no kou kino, mai keia ahu iho la.

I ka ha o ka papa o ka momona lepo - humus.

Ua hoohana ae la o microorganisms ma lalo o na kumu o ka kaupalena komo i ka lewa a me ka ona mau, e pili ana kū hoʻokahi hydrocarbon i huiʻia, i carbon dioxide, methane a me combustible biogases. Kēia kaʻina ua kapa biosynthesis, ka mea, ua iho la ka mea hana bioazotnye hoʻomāhuahua. Kēia ahu iho la ma ka kekahi lima hoʻomehana mea kanu, a ma luna o ka mea 'ē aʻe - na mea kanu, e like me ka pono me microorganisms a me microfauna o ke kemu lālau carbon dioxide i a me ka methane. Pela i hanaʻia bioazotnye lepo hoʻomāhuahua.

Ke subsoil, pālolo - i ka lima o ka papa o ka momona lepo

Ua regulates ka hoonohonoho hou ana o kinoea a me ona mau hoonohonoho hou ma ka hohonu o 20 knm.

Mea Maluna o Lūkini soils V. V. Dokuchaevu

Vasiliy Vasilevich Dokuchaev (1846-1903), he kanaka hulihonua a me ka lepo nä känaka 'epekema, i hana mai i ka Mea Maluna o Lūkini lepo. Mawaena o ka lepo haku mele,ʻo ia kaukahi, no na mai i ke kēia: lepo, one, Lok, peat, Lime, ho'āno, Lok.

pālolo

Ua momona, nutrient-waiwai, akā, paʻakikī-i-ka lepo lapaau. Ma hope o ka maloʻoʻana, e lilo loa anuanu. I mea e hoʻoikaika 'ana i ko lakou kanu'ōiwi nā mea pono, e hoʻomaka ka makahiki kau o oaoieei-ana:ʻeliʻana, ka hana deciduous honua, manure, lehu a me ka peat.

ke one

Ua wehe, hooholo koke permeable lepo wai. Ka mea, i depleted ma ka potasiuma a me ka makanekiuma, noi aku i ka litter, fertilizers (ma ka liʻiliʻi nā māhele) a me ka ho'āno aina. Wale i keia hihia hiki ke loaa grassy topsoil.

loamy

Mau soils mea nui momona: ka mea, e breathable ma ka kekahi lima, a ma ka 'ē aʻe - pono aua ona mau. Akā, inā e eli ia mea pinepine ia ma luna o ke anuanu pńpa e ālai 'ia' o ka ingress o ka ona mau.

peat

Mau soils i hoeha nui nele kalipuna a me ka potasiuma, iki phosphorus. Akā, inā e hookui aku one, Lime a me ka mea pōhaku fertilizers - ma hope o kekahi mau manawa o ka honua i monotonous a me ka loa momona.

Lime

Oia soils i na mea he nui i loko o Rusia. I kā lākou 'ole - hapalua Lime, one a me ka palolo koena. kanu aʻa ma keia hihia, he wai uuku, ka mea retards ka pńpa ma luna o kaʻili kai.

ho'āno

Topsoil, densely ulu me ka mauʻu wanawana, - ka wehewehena o ka turf. Mau soils i hana i ka nui hamama mau mea, mai St. Petersburg a hiki i Kaliningrad a me Kamchatka. Ona mau a me ka nui o ka Louka mauʻu wanawana ho okumu i ka kūikawā microclimate i loko o ka momona, ahu iho, i enriches na mea kanu kanu i loko o nā minelala hao a me ke aloha ia mea e like me ka meaʻeleʻele lepo. Mau soils Ua lōʻihi ua hoʻohana like me ka mauʻu a me kaʻai.

loamy

Mau aina i oluolu i ka hoʻokemu ona mau,ʻaʻole ho okumu i ka pńpa. koke e lalana ana mai lakou. Mahiai hoʻopaʻi 'ia ia - i ka hoike o ka peat, compost a me ka manure.

Hoikehonua, Maluna o soils

Mai na 50s o ka iwakalua kenekulia Ua hoʻouka kekahi he hou systematization o ka aina, e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka lapaʻau 'ana nā hoailona ma ka mooolelo o ka lepo kūlana a me kaʻikena? Aneie keia.

Ka hope Mea Maluna paʻi i ka 2000. Ua Ua kapa Profile-aaiaoe, a lawe i ka mooolelo o ka 'ole o ka lepo holoʻokoʻa a me kona waiwai.