Ukraine: mōʻaukala o ka hanana. O ka'āina i loko o Ukraine: mōʻaukala

Ukraine ka ?? eoi? Noho ma ka poʻe mua i ka liʻiliʻi 44.000 makahiki. Pontic-Caspian hehi i ka loa o ka nui mōʻaukala hanana o ke keleawe Age. Eia ka mea, he poʻe Polenekia o Indo-ʻEulopa kanaka. Ma ka mea hookahi Black Sea, a me ka Caspian steppes kanaka tamed i ka lio.

Hope, ma ka Crimea, a me ka Dnieper ola Scythians a me ka Sarmatians. Eia hoi, i noho ia e Slavs kēia mau aina. Ka mea, hoʻokumu i ka medieval moku'āina o Kievan Rus ', i disintegrated ma ka XII kenekulia. Ma ka waena o ka XIV kenekulia, i aliʻi ma ekolu koa i kaʻikena Ukrainian aina: ke Gula iā Goga, ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania , a me ka Polish aupuni. Ma hope, ua māheleʻia ka ?? eoi? Mana e like me Krymskoe Hanstvo, Rzeczpospolita, ka Russian aupuni a pau, a Austria-Hungary.

Ma ka XX kenekulia ua he aupuni kūʻokoʻa Ukraine. I ka moolelo o ka muli o ka aina hoʻomaka me ka ho'āʻo 'ana e hana i ka UPR a me ZUNR States. A laila, ka mea i hana i ka Ukrainian SSR o ka Soviet Union. Eia hoi, ua hai mai la i ke kuokoa o Ukraine, hookupaa iho la ia ma ka referendum, a ike ia e ka mea 'ē ma ka makahiki 1991.

Ke kahiko moolelo o Ukraine

Hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana hōʻike 'ana i Neanderthals noho ana ma ka'ākau Black Sea mokuna i kakahiaka nui me 43-45 Ka Wā Kaukani BC. Ma Crimea, 'ike akula' ikamu no kromanoltsam. Ka mea, i hana ia 32 tausani makahiki BC.

I ka pau ana o ka Neolithic i loko o ka Ukrainian aina malaila Trypillian moʻomeheu. Kona piko mea hiki ma ka 4500-3000 makahiki BC.

Me ka Hekikai o ka Iron Age ma na steppes o ka Northern Black Sea hala Dacian ohana - nā kūpuna o kēia Romanians. A laila, nomadic ohana (Cimmerians, Scythians a me Sarmatians) noho i ka aina o Ukraine. I ka moolelo o kēia mauʻohana ua ike ole wale no hulikoehana kahua, akā, no hoi, mai palapala kumu. About Scythians i olelo ia e Herodotus ma kana mau palapala. Helene hoʻokumu lākou mau panalāʻau ma ka Crimea i loko o ka VI kenekulia BC.

A laila, ma ka mokuna o Ukraine hele mai i ka Goths, a me ka Huns. Ua hiki mai i loko o ka III-V kenekulia AD. I ka lima o ka kenekulia, ua Slavicʻohana.

Ma ka VII kenekulia i loko o ka Ukrainian steppes he mea noho ana o na Bulgars. Akā, ia koke iho la 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, a i ke kemu ma ka Khazars. Kēia nomadic kanaka mai Central Asia, hoʻokumu i ke aupuni, a komo pū nui nā panalāʻau e - West aneea oneiaey, ka Caucasus, ka Crimea, ke Don hehi a me ka hikina Ukraine. I ka moolelo o ka muli a pomaikai no au o ka Khazar Khanate ua pili loa i pili i ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu ana o ka statehood o ka hikina Slavs. Ua ua ike i ka inoa o Kagan i ka ua mua Kievan aliʻi.

Kievan Rus

I ka moolelo o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina, e like me na mea he nui noiʻi, e hoomaka ana i ka makahiki 882. A ia Kiev i lilo e Prince Oleg Khazars, a lilo iho la i ka piko o ka nui wahi o ka aina. Ma ka hookahi moku'āina i hui pu e ho'āpono wale drevlyans, Ulichi, White Croats a me'ē aʻe Slavic ohana. Oleg ia ia iho, e like me ka Hoʻohaku historiography manaʻo ua kanaka.

I ka XI kenekulia Kievan Rus lilo ka nui i loko o ka palena o ka moku'āina oʻEulopa. Ma ke komohana kumu o ka manawa ia aina i loa pinepine hōʻike 'like Ruthenia. Ka inoa o Ukraine i mua i oleloia ma ka palapala o ka XII kenekulia. Ua o ia hoʻi, "maka", "aupuni".

Ma ka XVI kenekulia, ka mua palapala o Ukraine ma laila. Ma ia ma lalo o kēia inoa i hoʻohikiʻia Kiev, Chernigov a me Pereyaslavl aina.

Ke apono o ke Karistiano a me ka palaoa Rusia

Ka poe hahai i kakahiaka nui o Kristo iʻikeʻia i loko o Crimea ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ka IV kenekulia. Kristiano i ka kūhelu hoomana o Kievan Rus i ka 988, ma ka Initiative Vladimira Velikogo. Ke aliʻi mua o ka moku'āina bapetizoia iho la ia e kona kupuna wahine, Princess Olga.

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Yaroslava Mudrogo i maliu 'ia paha o nā kānāwai, i kapa ia ka "Russian Make". Ua ua i ka manawa o ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa pili aupuni mana o ka Kievan moku'āina. Ma hope o ka make ana Jaroslav palaoa i loko o kuokoa ana nou Rus, pinepine conflicting me kekahi i kekahi aupuni.

Vladimir Monomakh ho'āʻo e hoola i ka centralized moku'āina, akā, i loko o ka XII kenekulia Rusia hope disintegrates. Kiev a me Galicia-Volyn na'lii a lilo iho la ia mau panalāʻau e noho, i hope i waho Ukraine. I ka moolelo o ka hanana o Rusia hoʻomaka me ke ala hou ana o ke kulanakauhale o Suzdal, a ua he pili aupuni a me ka nohona mawaena konu o ka Lūkini aina akau-hikina. Hope, ke kapikala o kēia mau panalāʻau e lilo Moscow. Ma ka Koro o ka na'lii o Polotsk i ka piko a puni i ka lāhui kanaka Hawaiian i hana.

I ka 1240, ua laulau moni a pau Kiev ma ka Mongols a me ka lōʻihi nalowale kekahi ole kālai'āina.

Galicia-Volhynia

I ka moolelo o ka hanana o ka moku'āina o Ukraine, e like me kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema, hoʻomaka ma ka XII kenekulia. I ia manawa, e like me ka na'lii a haule akau ma lalo o ka mana o ka Golden iā Goga i loko o ke komohana, he mau aupuni kūʻokoʻa he Lūkini moku'āina me kona kapikala ma Galich a Lodomir (e Vladimir-Volyn). Ma hope o kā lākou mau ahahui i hana Galicia-Volhynia. Ma ka piko o kona mana, e komo pū Wallachia a me Bessarabia, a ua komo i ka Black Sea.

I ka 1245, Pope hala a ka IV i kau Prince Daniil Galitsky, a haawi aku la ia ia i ka inoa o ke alii o pau Rusia. I ia manawa i ka na'lii a alakai i kaua paakiki e ku e ka Mongols. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Daniila Galitskogo i ka 1264 oia i hakahaka e kana keiki Leo, ka mea hoʻoneʻe ke kapikala a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o Lviv. Haʻalele i kona makua kāne, ka mea i paʻa i ka kākoʻo-Western maʻi lele kālai'āina, hele aku la ia ia no ke kōkua 'ana me ka Mongols, ma ka nui,ʻo ia i oia i kuikahi me Nogai Khan. Together me kona Tatar allies Leo kaua akula Poland. I ka 1280, oia luku i ka Hungarians a i kekahi hapa o Transcarpathia.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Leo, i lilo ai ka napoo ana o Galicia-Volyn na'lii. I ka 1323 i loko o ke kaua me ka Mongols pepehi na elele hope o keia lala o ka Rurik. Ma hope iho o ia, Volyn hele mai ma lalo o ka mana o ke Lituania luna Gedeminovichey a me Galicia haule iho la ia ma lalo o ka noho aliʻi o ka Polish Crown.

Rzeczpospolita

Ma hope iho o ka Union o Lublin Ruthenian aina lilo kekahi hapa o ke aupuni o ke Poland. I loko o kēia wā, i ka mōʻaukala o Ukraine like me ka moku'āina ua keʻakeʻa, akā, ka mea, ua i keia manawa i hana i ka Ukrainian lāhui kanaka. ʻokoʻa ma waena o Polish Kakolika a me Orthodox Rusyns, i nā kūpono i loko o ka lāhui i tensions.

Cossacks

Auamo, ua hoihoi i ka paku ana i kā lākou mau hikina palena o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau a me kona koa. No kēia mau mea, ka mea, ua maikaʻi loa hoʻomākaukau Cossacks. Lakou i wale noonoo i nā kaua o Crimean ali, akā, i komo i loko o nā kaua o ka mokuaina me ke Moscow aupuni.

Ma naʻe o ka Koa kānaka apau i mākaukau Cossacks, Polish kaukaualiʻi hōʻole e hoomakaukau ia i loko o ka mea uuku nui kū kaʻawale, ho'āʻo kahi e hoohuli i ka hapanui o ka Ukrainian heluna kanaka i loko o ka pā kaua. Ua alakai aku ai i kāna hana e lawelawe a me nā uprisings.

E ho'ōla, i ka 1648 ka mea, hoomaka ae la ka liberation kaua alakai e Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Mōʻaukala o ka Ukraine komo i ka hou pae. Mai ana ka uprising Hetman moku'āina i hoʻopuniʻia ekolu kaua: ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, i ka Polish-Lituania mokuaina, a Muscovy. A au o pili aupuni maneuvering.

I ka 1654 Zaporozhye Cossacks komo i loko o ka berita me ka Moscow tsar. Poland ho'āʻoʻana • loaʻa houʻana mai o ka nalowale panalāʻau e noho ma ka wehe 'ana me Hetman Ivanom Vygovskim aelike. Kēia i kūpono ai i loko o ke kaua ma waena o ka mokuaina, a Muscovy. Ua pau me ka 'eʻe' Andrusovo palapala ma lalo a Hetman hele Moscow.

Ma lalo o ka noho aliʻi o ka Russian aupuni a pau, a Austria-Hungary

Na mahope moolelo o Ukraine, nona ?? eoi? I puʻunaueʻia ma waena o nā aupuniʻelua, i wehewehe aku ma ke ala o ka lahui ike paka i waena o kākau moʻolelo a me ka pilina.

I loko o kēia wā o ka Russian aupuni a hope, mai hemo mai ka Krymskoe Hanstvo, a lawe maluna o kona mokuna. No hoi ia lŘlŘ ekolu pauku o Poland. E like me ka hopena, ka hapanui o kona mau aina, na kanaka] ma ka Ukrainians, o kekahi hapa o Rusia. Galicia kolo ana i ka'Aukekulia ia Auguseto.

He nui Lūkini moʻolelo, Artists a me statesmen o XVIII-XIX kenekulia i Ukrainian kumu ae. Mawaena o ka loa kaulana - Nikolai Gogol a me Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. I aneane i ka waiwai a pau, e like Rusia, ka mea, ua ma Galicia, mai ka Austrians a me ka auamo, a me ka Ruthenians ua ka hapanui kauwa.

aupuni hou

Ma ka XIX kenekulia ma ka hikina Europe hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana o ka moʻomeheu hou ana o na lahuikanaka, ka poe e noho ana ma lalo o ka mana o nui aupuni a pau - ka'Aukekulia, Lūkini a me Ottoman. Au e i noho aʻe mai kēia mau mea kū i a me Ukraine. I ka moolelo o ka muli o ka neʻeʻana no ka lahui kuokoa hoʻomaka i ka 1846 a me ka hoʻokumuʻo o ka St. Cyril a me Methodius launa hoahanau. Member o keia hui i me haku mele Taras Shevchenko. Hope, ka nohona-aupuni a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni aoao, e kākoʻo ana-kū kaʻawale o na aina Ukrainian.

A puni ka mea ia manawa, i ka makahiki 1848, ma Lviv hoomaka ae la kona hope "Aha Ruthenian Council" - o ka mua kālai'āina hoʻolālā o Western Ukrainians. Oiai Kīwala'ō Russophile a me kākoʻo-Russian olelo la ma ka Kalikia intelligentsia.

Penei, ka mōʻaukala o Ukraine i loko o kona noho palena hoʻomaka me ka hanau ana o nationally aʻo i kaʻoihana 'aoʻao i loko o ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia. Lakou i hana i ka ideology o ka wā e hiki mai hoʻokahi moku'āina.

Ka First World War, a me ka'opi o aupuni a pau

A hoomaka ae la i ka 1914, ka mea i mākaukau e kue ana i alakai ai i ka haule ana o ka monarchies nui maʻEulopa. Na kanaka no na kenekulia noho ma lalo o ka noho aliʻi o ka mana aupuni a pau, i kekahi manawa, e hooholo i ko lakou mau hopena.

November 20, 1917 Ukrainian People ka Repubalika i hoʻokumu. A January 25, 1918 ia hai kona piha kuokoa mai Rusia. A iki ma hope, oia wawahi i ka Austro-Hunakalia aupuni a pau. E like me ka hopena, November 13, 1918 West Ukrainian People ka Repubalika i kukala aku ai. January 22, 1919 e paa ana ia i ka hawaiano o ka UPR a me ZUNR. Naʻe, i ka mōʻaukala o ka hanana o ka moku'āina o Ukraine ua mamao mai piha. Ke hou mana ua ma ka waenakonu o ka Kivila, a laila, i ke kaua Soviet-Polish, a me ka hopena lilo kona kuokoa.

SSR

I ka 1922 ka mea i hana i ka Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Repubalika, i lilo kekahi hapa o ka USSR. Mai ka pōkole, a ma mua o ka Soviet Union e hina, e kaua lua i waena o nā republics o ka waiwai a me ka mana mau keiki.

Map o Ukraine i loko o kēia wā i ua mau manawa hoʻololi. I ka 1939, ua hoi aku la oia i Galicia a me Volyn. I ka 1940 - kekahi mau mea ma mua no ke Romania, a ma ka makahiki 1945 - Transcarpathia. Eia hoi, i ka makahiki 1954 ma Ukraine ia i hoohui Crimea. Ma ka kekahi lima, i hoolilo Shahtinskii a me Taganrog apana i ka makahiki 1924 ma Rusia, a ma ka 1940 i ka Moldavian SSR hele aku la Transdniestria.

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II Ukrainian SSR lilo kekahi o ka un hoʻokumu'āina. E like me ka hopena o ka helu 1989, i ka heluna o ka repubalika ua like aneane 52 miliona kanaka i.

kuokoa

Me ka'opi o ka Soviet Union i ka makahiki 1991, Ukraine lilo i aupuni kūʻokoʻa moku'āina. Kēia i mua ma ke ala o ka patriotic olelo la. January 21, 1990,ʻekolu haneri tausani Ukrainians i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i kekahi kanaka lei mai Kiev a hiki i Lviv i kākoʻo o ke kūʻokoʻa. Ka mea, i ka nānā 'aoʻao me ka lahui-patriotic kulana. Ukraine lilo i ka loio i hope o ka USSR, a me ka Ukrainian People ka Repubalika. Ke UNR ke aupuni i loko o ke pioʻana kauoha aku Neʻe i kona mana i ka mua Peresidena Leonid Kravchuk.

E like me 'oe ke ike, i ka mōʻaukala o Ukraine, mai ka wā kahiko, ua hoopihaia me ka nui lanakila, kākou make ai, catastrophes hanohano, a me ka mea weliweli kupaianaha moʻolelo.