ʻO wai ka mea i hana i ka pelane mua

Man Ua mau, imi ae la e ala hou i loko o ka lewa, a haha aku i ke ku okoa ana o ka holo ma ka par a me na manu. No maoli 'Aʻole e haawi poʻe'ēheu, i hookomo moe o ka lele ana ma ka hanaiia'na mai o kūikawā mokulele. ma kekahi mau inventors ma kekahi kihi o ka poepoe honua i ka mokulele mua i hanaia ma ka palena pau uuku ma manawa. No laila, i ka mea nana o ka lāʻau ma luna o kēia pukana ua nō,ʻaʻole maopopo hookupaaia. Mōʻaukala e kaumaha ana mai i kekahi koho no ekolu, e ia ka uku, a hiki eha contenders no ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka mokulele. Ka Wright Brothers, mai ka USA, Alexander Mozhaiskogo mai Rusia a me Alberto Santos Dumont mai Brazil.

Uaʻoi aku kona koʻikoʻi kupuna o kēia mokulele ua no noʻonoʻo i ka mokulele i ka Wright hoahanau. Inventors mai kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia - Orville a me Uilbur Rayt i ai i ka hanini kou mokulele Pepelu-1 i ke kakahiaka December 17, 1903. I ka lele mua he 12 kekona, a uhi iho i ka mamao o ka noonoo maalea, 36 a me ka hapalua mika, a me ka mea mua ke kahu moku, niioaaonoaaiii, lilo Orville Wright, ka mea i lele i ka pelane, e moe ana ma luna o kona'ēheu.

Maoli, ka mea, ua i kā lākou iho e lele mīkini i loko o konaʻoe i palapala, e like me ka mokulele slid ma ke alakai hōʻino aku, a hōʻeleu i me ke kōkua o ke catapult. Akā, ma kēia hihia i loko o kona kukulu i ua hoomakaukau i na'ā engine, a ua kūkulu mau hoahanau.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokolohua mua ma hope o ka moʻo o kupono a koke pii i loko o ka lewa Pepelu-2 a me Pepelu-3. I ka Akuma ka 1905, Bratya Rayt e hoʻokele i lele kokoke i hookahi kanaha kilomika. No ka mea, a pau kona primitiveness, kā lākou mokulele no naʻe iā ia i ke kuleana e e kapaia mokulele no ka mea, ua lako pono me ka Hawaii hoi malalo o ko pailota, a hoʻoneʻeʻia e nā kānāwai o nā aerodynamics mea. Naʻe, i ke kaʻa e like airplanes ole la, a ua hoala hou i loko o ka lewa ma ka catapult.

Kokoke ka poʻe me ka Wright kaikuaana a hemo lākou mokulele i loko o ka lewa Palakila inventor Alberto Santos-Dumont. Ua hiki i ka 1906 ma Farani. Ka papa likeʻole ma waena o keia mokulele i ka mea i ka mea, i aku la me kekahi nā manaʻo, oa ka mea, e pau loa ia ka hoʻoponopono-propelled. Ka mua pelane, a i kapaia ka "14-bis» i he pili-weheʻia kaʻa, a lele wale wale ma kona mau mana.

Ano ka mea, ua lilo increasingly, he pono ole i ka mea i i no i kukulu i ka loa mua mokulele ma Amerika, a ma Rusia no kanakolu makahiki ma mua o ka Wright hoahānau 'mokulele. He kūkulu i kona Mozhajskij Hope Adimarala, ka mea i loa 'ana i mālama kūpono haʻawina. Kona mokulele nana e like uuku waapa me kekahi mau paipu, mau kia, a me na ia liilii mahu engine. Ua Ua kapaʻia ka aeronautical iwi, a me ka iaoaioa no ka like Honolulu kaa Mozhajskij loaa i ka makahiki 1881.

Mozhaiskogo 'ole hiki ke wahi a hiki i ke' ano o ka mokulele fuselage, a hoomaka iho la maopopo kūkulu wale nō 30 makahiki ma hope. Ke inventor ua he loa pilipaa Bedroom, a me ke aupuni imi e kahińuli pehea wahi kālā no ka noiʻi, a, ina he mea hiki i nā mea a pau e classify a me ka pau ana a pau ulu ana.

O nä waihona palapala mua holo ana i loko o ke kauwela o 1882, kokoke St. Petersburg, i loko o ka Red Selo. Loko o konoʻia e ka luna malama i ka holo ana o ka mokulele, i ua kapaia Mozhajskij aerodinamom. Ka mua mokulele hoopuehuia ma luna o ka lāʻau mea papa hele, he mau mika, a lele wale hele aku i loko o ka wai, i uhaiia'ēheu.

Hoikehonua, noiʻi ua hoike mai ia ma ka manawa aerodyne i ua papahana pono, akā, ua nele i ka mana o ka mana mea kanu no ka holo hou.

Mozhaisk, lanakila bureaucratic a me ka kālā pilikia hoomau i kona ulu ana. I ka 1890, ua make iho la ia, e hoʻomōhala i kona hana, aohe kekahi, a me ka tsarist Aupuni makemake e hoʻopoina e pili ana i ka pelane, a kanu i na haʻawina no ka lōʻihi manawa. O papahana o ka mokulele i ole hoʻohana '-ʻo ia i laila' o ia i ka waiwai kokoke Vologda Mozhaiskiye, a ma ka 1895 oia i ke ahi ma laila.

No laila, ka mea o na inventors ke haawi makakoho i ka hope loa? Kēlā hoʻoholo 'ana ma kona iho. Maunakea - He mea nui 'aoʻao i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka, a ua hana ma o ka hana ana o na mea he nui kanaka: theoreticians, nā loea, nā kānakaʻenehana a me nā moeʻuhane. No laila, ka mea a pau i ka kānaka ma nā wahi a iaiyoe.