ʻO wai ka mea invented ka wela ea hoʻonui? Montgolfier hoahanau. A hoʻonui me ka hinai

Ka ninau ana o ka poe i invented ke hoʻonui, no kaʻoiaʻiʻo, e lilo o ka hoihoi ana i kēlā me kēia haumāna. Ma hope o ka mokulele i hoʻokumu hoʻi i loko o ka 18th kenekulia, a ku e aku la i ka hoao ana o ka manawa e like me ka mea ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o aeronautics, a me kā mākou mau lā. Lako a pan a me ka mea i hoololi a me ka holomua, akā, i ka pae'ōnaehana rula ua noho no kenekulia i loko o ka mea hookahi. Ia mea ke kumu o ka pili a hiki i ka wahine paha, o ka poe kanaka i hele mai i keia mea kupaianaha hou kaa, Ua maopopo pili.

maʻamau vitae

Nā inventors o ka hoʻonui, he ka Montgolfier hoahanau. Ka mea, i noho ai ma ka liʻiliʻi Palani kulanakauhale o Annonay. Ua noho 'ana kamaliʻi leʻaleʻa o sciences, akamai a me ka' ike loea. ʻO ko lākou makua kāne i ka entrepreneur, hu ae la kona i kona mau pepa wili. Ma hope o kona make ana, ka makahiapo o ka poe kaikuaana o Iosepa-Michel ili mai iā ia, a a laila hoʻohana no kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole.

No ka mea, o konaʻepekema e piʻi like, hele aku la ia e lilo i manakia o ke kaulana Paris Conservatory o Arts a me ka Fashion. Kona kaikaina Jacques-Etienne i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ko lākou hoʻonaʻauao.

He ua leʻaleʻa o ka 'epekema hana o poʻokela Pelekāne nä känaka' epekema, naturalist Dzhozefa Pristli, ka poe i loaa ka oxygen. i alakai ai i ka mea i hoomaka ae la oia e lawe 'ana i loko o nā mea a pau o ka ho okolohua, na ke kaikaina kēia hoihoi.

elue

I ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka poe i invented ke hoʻonui, e pono e hoʻomaka me ka hoakaka ana o nā kūlana i i hiki ai ia ka mea kupaianaha loaʻa. Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 18th kenekulia ua i ka helu o ka nui iao? Discoveries i ae na hoahanau, e hahao i loko o ka hana pono o ko lakou mau loina. Mākou i olelo mua o ka puka o ka oxygen. I ka 1766, kekahi kanaka noiʻi o Beritania G. Cavendish loaa hydrogen - he waiwai i hope i 'Imi hoʻohana ma aeronautics. About he umi makahiki ma mua o ka hoʻokolohua kaulana me ka hooulu ana i na hoʻonui kaulana Palani nä känaka 'epekema A. L. Lavuaze nui ka pähola e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka o oxygen i loko o ka'okesaside keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

aʻo

Penei, invented i ka mōʻaukala o ka poe i ke hoʻonui, a ua pili loa me ka 'epekema ke ola ana o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 18th kenekulia. Ma keia hihia, ia mea nui, e hoailona oukou i keia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole ia. Ma muli o ka mea ma luna discoveries. Nā hoahānau he ole wale ike o ka hope? Iie discoveries, akā, i ho'āʻo e hoʻokō ia.

Kēia manaʻo, a kipaku ia lakou a hiki i ka hanaia'na o ke ao nei.

Ia lakou, i nā mea a pau e pono ai mea no kona manufacturing: pepa hola, haʻalele iā ia ma kona makua kāne,ʻo ia hoomakaukau ia me ka pepa nā'aʻaʻa. Ma mua, ka mea, e nui mau eke, ua piha ia mau mea me ka wela ea a ee i loko o ka lani. Ua pahu ka mua mau ho okolohua ia i ka manaʻo o ka e pili ana i ka nui pola. Ma mua, piha iho la lakou ia me ka mahu, akā, i kēia wā waiwai hapai aku koke anuanu, kikiʻo i ka wai i loko o ka palapala o ke kimu ole iā mākou i nā pā o ka mea. A laila, ka mea i manao e hana hydrogen, a ua ikeia e ia māmā ma mua o ka ea.

Naʻe, ua malamalama kinoea evaporates koke, a pakele ma ka pa o ka mea. 'Aʻole i kōkuaʻoki i ka pepa mea poepoe, ma i ke kinoea ua nō hikiwawe loa nalowaleʻana aku. Eia hou kekahi, hydrogen ka loa pipiʻi waiwai, a ua hiki ke loaa ia me ka pilikia nui ma na hoahanau. he mākou kekahi ala no ka holomua pau 'ana o ka hoʻokolohua, e loaʻa.

prolusion

Ma ka hōʻike no na hana o ka poe invented ka hoʻonui, he mea pono e kuhikuhi mai i nā nā pilikia i ke ehuehu o ka hoahānau mua lākou hoʻokolohua i ana, ua paa ka. Ma hope o ka mea mua elua, i pii ole ka ho'āʻo 'ana e hoʻokū i ka' ole i ka lewa Joseph Michel laila'ōlelo akula,ʻaʻole e hoʻohana hydrogen a me ka wela uwahi.

Kēia AOAIAaOO, ua manao hoahanau, no ka mea māmā ma mua o ke ea i kēia waiwai i kekahi, a nolaila, ua hiki ke hoala mai i ka poepoe mai. New ka hoao ana ua holomua. News o keia pomaikai hohola koke ma ke kulanakauhale, a hoomaka ae la na kanaka, e noi aku i nā hoahānau, e paa i ka lehulehu ka hoao ana.

lele 1783

Brothers hoonoho hoao aku ma luna o Iune 5th. Koe pu ia mau pono i hoomakaukauia no keia nui kekahi hanana. Ka mea, i kekahi mea poepoe i kaupaona oi ma mua o 200 kilograms. He ua me ka hīnaʻi - he paʻa mau kaila o ka a mākou i maʻa i ka ike ana i loko o kēia mau manao. No ka mea, Ua pipili he kūikawā kāʻei a me kekahi mau kaula, e malama ia ma ka kulana like loa me ka mea e hoʻa'ā i ka lewa i loko o ka pa. Hoʻonui Montgolfier poe hoahanau i ka loa kilakila maka, a i ka manaʻo nui ma luna o ka hoolohe. Kona'ā'ī Ua hoonoho maluna o ke ahi, a e lalana ana i ka lewa. Ewalu me kona kōkua, e hoopaa ia ia i na kaula ma lalo iho. A hiki aku ua piha i ka iwi me ka wela ea, i ka mea poepoe pii aku la.

Ka lua o ka holo ana

Hoʻonui me ka hīnaʻi invented no hoi i ma kēia mau kanaka. Naʻe, i mua keia e ka nunui pane, a i ka loaʻa o ka loa i ike ole ia e noiʻi, mai ka mea uuku Palani kulanakauhale. Kēia Kaka hoihoiʻepekema, mai ka Academy o Sciences. Ka Korol Lyudovik XVI hoike mai ia i ka hoihoi i loko o ka holo ana o ka poepoe i kena ae la ka hoahanau a hiki i Paris. ma September 1783 i ka hou nuʻukia i ia. Brothers pili i ka poepoe wilou hinai, a ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka mea e ku i ka ohua. Ua makemake aku e lele lakou iho, akā, i loko o nā nūpepa o ka inaina hoopaapaa e pili ana i ke kamepiula kiʻekiʻe. No laila, e hoʻomaka ana me, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hoala na holoholona i loko o ka hīnaʻi. Ma ka lā i'ōleloʻia ai, 19 September, ma ke alo o nā kānakaʻepekema mea poepoe, courtiers a me ke aliʻi piʻi aʻela me ka "ohua": i ka moa, he Duck a me ka hipa. Ma hope o ka pōkole holo ana o ka poepoe loaa i na lala o na laau, a ihola ia i ka honua. Ua Ua loaʻa i nā holoholona haha maikai, a laila ka mea i hooholoia e ka hoʻonui me ka hīnaʻi bea a me ka ke kanaka. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, i ke ao nei ka mua eaʻauheʻe lawe mai ma Jacques-Etienne a me ke kaulana Farani nä känaka 'epekema, physicist a me ka chemist Pilatre de Ka Rozier.

'ano o nā waihoʻoluʻu

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ke kinoea i ka hoopiha ana i ka iwi ua maheleia i ekoluʻano likeʻole o kēia mau lele na manao ona. O ka poe i pii ka hoʻohana overheated ea hoʻonui i kapaia - o ka inoa o kona haku. 'O kēia kekahi o ka loa a me ka pono safest aoao o ka hoʻopiha i ka kinoea mea, i mea māmā ma mua lewa, a no ia mea, ke hoala mai i ka hinai me ka i loko o ia kanaka. ʻano o nā balloons ae kaʻahele i ka loa kupono ala e hele koho. Of mau mea nui i loko o keia manao i ke puhiʻino hoʻonui.

Kona hana mea e noke hoʻa'ā i ka lewa. Ma ia mau hihia, ina oe i ka mea poepoe, e pono e wehe i ka kūikawā kiwikā i loko o ka pōkā pū ma ka mea e hooluolu i ka lewa. Kēlā mau kala, maloko o ka a ua hoopihaia me ka hydrogen, i kapaia charliere - ma ka aoao o kekahi koʻikoʻi Palani chemist a me ka inventor, he Contemporary o Charles Jacques Montgolfier hoahānau.

Other ano o na manao

Ka makaʻu o keia kanaka noiʻi o ka mea ka mea e ole hoʻomōhala hoʻohana 'ana i kā lākou mau poʻokela kanaka, ua invented kā lākou mau mea poepoe, e hoopiha mai ana ia me ka hydrogen. Naʻe, ka mea mua ho'āʻo ua pomaikai ole oe, no ka mea, hydrogen, i pahū waiwai ke komo i loko o ka leo me ka lewa, exploded. Hydrogen mea he pahū waiwai, no laila kona hoʻohana ma o ka hoopiha o ka mokulele iwi ua pili i kekahi mau keakea.

Balloons me ka helium i kapa charliere. Ke hakakino kaupaona ana o keia waiwai nui ma mua ia o ka hydrogen, ia ua he lawa nona iho, ia mea noho malie hoi a me ka maluhia. Ka wale drawback o keia mea o kona kiʻekiʻe waiwai e lilo aku, no laila ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka manned spacecraft. Kēlā mau kala i piha hapa lewa, hapalua - kinoea i kapaia Rosiere - ma ka aoao o kekahi Contemporary Montgolfier hoahanau - la o Pilatre de Ka Rosier. He mahele ae poepoe iwi i loko o nā māhele, kekahi o i i piha me ka hydrogen, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - me ka wela ea. He ho'āʻo e lawe mai i ka lele ma luna o kou kelepona, akā, hydrogen hopu i ke ahi, a ua pepehiʻo ia a me kona hoa. Aka hoi, invented ka mea, i ke 'ano o ka mea i ike. Balloons me ka helium a me ka lewa, a me hydrogen e hoʻohana 'ia ma ke kēia aeronautics.