Ammonia - o ka antipode a me ka mea like ... ka wai?

Ke ala o ke kinoea ua ike i ka mea a pau - e hiki ke haha ia koke ka wā e wehe i ke kiaha me ka ammonia. I kekahi mea e pili ana i kona waiwai, i haʻiʻia mākou i loko o ke kula. Nō hoʻi ka mea, uaʻikeʻia, nae, i ka mea o kekahi o na ki huahana o ka Nine Inch hana: o ia mea easiest e huli i ka naikokene, a aole i makemake e komo i loko o Nine Inch reactions. Ammonia - keia mea i ka muaʻoi mai a e hoʻomaka i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o na mea he nui i huiʻia naikokene: likeʻole nitrites a me nitrates, pōkā pahū a me aniline make, pharmaceuticals a me nā lula ea Ke ...

Ka Ike

Ka inoa o ka waiwai loko mai o ka olelo Helene, o «hals ammoniakos», i translates like ammonia. Ammonia lātoma mea i kekahi similarity pyramid, ka vertex o i mea he naikokene'Ātoma, a ma ka lalo - ekolu hydrogen nā'ātoma. Ke haʻilula o keia hui - NH3. Ma lalo o maʻamau rula, ammonia - mea he colorless kinoea me ka pahi ala kńnaka. Kona pa apŘ ma -33,35 ° C (nā kapuahi e wela) like i 0,681 g. / Knm ^3. A substance ua hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma -77,7 ° C. Molar nuipa o ka ammonia He 17 nā huna no kameleona. Ka puʻe o 0,9 MPa i mehana ea, ke kumu o ka ammonia e emi. Hookipa aku ia i loko o ka hana ma lalo o puʻe Via catalytic hoʻololi kemikala o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen. Wai ammonia - he lahui kiaʻana i kāna mea hoʻomomona refrigerant. Me keia mea e e akahele, no ka mea, meaʻawahia, a pahū.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Wai ammonia i kekahiʻano hana waiwai. Externally ka mea, kohu akaka ka wai. Like H ₂ O, ka mea, ua ike hoike mai i na mea he nui ke aloha a me ka 'okanikaʻole i huiʻia. Ka hapanui o paʻakai ma laila dissociate i loko o ka wā Ion mea hoʻoheheʻe. I ka Ia manawa, Nine Inch naoh, e like ka wai, ia ia lŘlŘ he okoa.

ʻIkepili i loko o keia papa hiki aku ai i ka manaʻo i ke kinowai ai ammonia - i kū hoʻokahi o nā papa hana no kekahi mail reactions i mea e hiki i ka koʻana koko pāʻoihana. No kekahi laʻana:

2AgCl + BA (NO _{3) 2} = 2AgNO ₃ + BaCl _2.

No ka mea, NH ₃ Ua ikaika proton acceptor, aceticʻakika, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea ia ia ua manaoia nawaliwali, ia prodissotsiiruet loa, e like me hana me ka ikaikaʻakika. O ka nui e ulu i nā pāʻoihana ma ka wai a ammonia mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia. Back i ka 1864, ua ike chemists i ina oe i kekahi manawa e haawi aku ia, i ka ammonia evaporates, a ma ka sediment makemake e he mea hiki ke hooheheeia maemae. Nui ka ia, he oiaio me ka koʻana koko paakai pāʻoihana. Ke koena unuhi o ia i ka mekala 'åkilikai ke hooheheeia, a hiki i ka poe liilii, na mea, akā, aka reacted me ka ammonia, ma ia ho okumu i ka paakai-e like amides:

2Na + 2NH ₃ = 2NaNH ₂ + H _2.

Ka hope i loa i ka pilina paʻa 'ona, akā, ma ka hui' ana me ka wai koke collapses:

NaNH2 + H ₂ O = NH ₃ + NaOH.

Ma ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana i ka waiwai o ka wai a ammonia chemists ua hoʻomaopopo i ka wā o ka metala mea hoʻoheheʻe maloko, ka pāʻoihana ka leo lilo nui. A, oiai kona pa apŘ emi. 'O kēia kekahi okoa noonoo'ūheheʻe ma maʻamau ka wai. He paʻakikī i ka manaʻo, akā, me ka i kia, a nāu kekahi pāʻoihana o kekahi mekala 'åkilikai metala i loko o ke kinowai ai ammonia ka mea, i kāwili pūʻia me kekahi i kekahi, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka metala i loko o nā o ia i ka ia! Mahalo i ka ho okolohua mau loaʻa hou kahaha ko oukou naau kūʻiʻo. Penei, ka mea i loaʻa i paʻahau i loko o ke kinowai ai ammonia pāʻoihana o ka paʻakai mea uuku loa ia'ku, a nolaila, NH ₃ hiki ke hoʻohana i ka paka superconducting nenoaiu. 'Aʻole surprisingly, keia kinoea make a me kona kākoʻo pāʻoihana i nō hoihoi i loko o nā manaʻo o nā physicists a me chemists.