Bookplate - He aha ka mea? Bookplate: kiʻi paʻi

Fans a me Waihona Noʻeau ohi puke i loko o ko lākou mau hale waihona puke i ka puu o ka lehulehu ākea, kela mea keia mea o ka a i kona mau mōʻaukala. Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e hoomalu i ko lakou waiwai, a me nā bibliophiles connoisseurs tuko a hehi ma luna o nāʻaoʻao o nā buke, puke kaha - bookplate. He aha ka mea, i ka wa a me ka wahi i hele mai, pehea ia hana, a pehea e hana i keia "Kimia aphorism," ho'āʻo e hai aku oe i loko o kēia 'atikala.

He aha ka mea?

I unuhi 'ia mai he Roma i loko o Russian Ex librisʻano "mai i ka buke." Ua Ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i ka mōʻaukala o ka buke, a uaʻikeʻia i loko o medieval nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao - scriptoria ma monasteries, kahi folios i mānewanewa kanikau. Ua ua malaila i hoomaka e e ai-kapaʻia nona 'palapalaia maluna penei ma ka buke, e hoomaka ana me na huaolelo "mai ka hale waihona puke" a "mai ka buke", a laila, e hōʻike i ka inoa, a me ka mea nona ka inoa a me ka inoa o ka hoailona a me ka hale waihona puke.

Kona kēia a kama'āina iā mākou i ka manao o ka pepa i 'ae' hola i hala ma luna o ka loko o ka puke paa, bookplate ka pilikia typography a me Kelemānia mau haku. I kekahi manawa ka mea, Ua loa okoa - i ka mea a me ka Nani Loa, eleele, a keʻokeʻo a me ka waihoʻoluʻu. Ka loa alodio laʻana, maʻa i kela mea keia mea o mākou, mai kamaliʻi - i ka hale waihona puke bookplate ka i hookauia mai i na buke hoopukaia ma ke kula. Aesthetically ia mea he ole ia, akā, e hāpai nui 'ike e pili ana i ka mea nana o ka puke.

Bookplate - Ex Libris - i koe ua hoʻololiʻia, keʻano kū i ke au o ka au, pilikino koho a me nā ho'āʻo iho au i ka mea nona, a hoʻohana 'ia paha mīkini Lako i ka hopena ma luna o kona helehelena.

E like me ka rula, ka bookplate ua hoʻopā'āluaʻia i keʻano nui a uuku o ka 'ike e pili ana i ka mea nana ka waiwai, me kona i kapaia a me ka mua inoa, aoao, e pili ana, pono. Aia nā'ōleloʻino ka wā waiho exlibris mai he oi aku ko oukou maikai mamua o ka puke ia iho, i ka i ka mea ua noho ai.

A i loaʻa ka mea, i laila?

Mai la i ka ninau o ina ka bookplate - mea ia mea, ia mea nui, e imi mai kahi a pehea i keia noʻeau kŰia.

E like me kānakaʻepekema, ka mea kahiko bookplate mea i loko o ka Pelekania Museum, a me ia no ia Amenhotep IV a me nā lā hoʻi i ka XIV kenekulia BC. e ka. Ka makemake e kuhikuhi i ka ona ana o na mea maikai me na buke, i he maopopo. Wale na kanaka loa mana a me ka waiwai hiki ke hoolawaia ma ia i ka moʻolelo i kākau lima, a ho'āʻo e kuhikuhi i ka waiwai pono, e hoomau no ia.

Ma hope iho o ka helehelena o ka mea mua pai buke ma Germany, kanaka i bookplates, a hiki kuhikuhi i ka mea nana ka waiwai. Ka mea kahiko i kākau German bookplate pili i ka 1450, a me ka Palani Zhana Berto La huakaʻi Blanche - i ka 1529.

Kekahi o ka mea mua o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia, Hōlani a me ka Italian mamuli o librisʻikeʻia ma ka 1579, 1597 a me 1622, kekahi me kekahi.

Mea Maluna a me nā ano

Ua Hawaiʻi ma o nā kenekulia, puke kaha hiki ke hoʻolaha i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE kēia mau ano elua:

• Font - wale i ka inoa a me ka i kapaia o ka mea nana ka waiwai nui;
• oe, i loko o ka palapala o ka'āhihi huahelu, pokole ke kamailio ana no ka puali hale waihona puke.

E ka lawe i ka pilina nana i ke akamai bookplate, i ia mea a me nā mea kona manao i. A pau ekolu o lakou:

1. A hehi ihola au mea ano o ka XVI-XVII kenekulia, ia depicted i ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ka mea nana ka waiwai. Ua Ua hana e like me nā kānāwai heraldic nō.
2. Monogram komo pū nō i hana i hāpai mua o ka mea nāna. Oia ka bookplate (kiʻi ma luna) hiki ke ike ia ma ka pauku.
3. Loa i ka loa Nani Loa, a hiki ke komo i na oihana mua, hōʻikeʻana kino koho, ʻoihana a me ka hana hoʻonanea o ka mea nana ka waiwai.

ka mea, ko ia?

Inā mua i loko o ka puke hoailona maluna o Liholiho a me ka wā i hāpai mua, laekahi bookplates i loko o ka hapanui hihia komo o nā māhele: he akamai a me ka kikokikona. A ina ma ka palapala i na mooolelo hoike wale nô puke i ka kekahi kanaka, i ke kiʻi loa kekahi mea hiki ia. I ka papahana bookplates, Artists e noi i ka hōʻike 'ana i ka kekahi, ao ke ano o ke ola a me ka waihona mea nāna pono. Oia symbolic kiʻi pono, kahi e hiki e kiʻi a me ka panorama, 'ia a me ka mea hoʻonani' ikamu hale waihona puke kuhikuhipuʻuone grotesque paha caricatured. 'Aʻohe kapu,' ē aʻe ma mua o ka Customer ka paʻakikī a me ke akamai o ka artist.

I Soviet manawa ua kaulana bookplates me ke kiʻi o Lenin, nā moʻolelo a me nā koa o ke Kanawai, a me ka nui Patriotic War, hana hoʻomanaʻo i nā hana a me nā kauwa, ka naʻi aupuni o ka lewa.

Pehea la e hiki ai ia lakou ke hana i?

I kēia manawa, ua nui 'ana i kūpono no ka hana bookplates:

• typesetting;
• A hehi ihola au;
• zincographic;
• lithography;
• silika-paku pai;
• wahi ma luna o nā mea.

A manawa pōkole nānā i kaʻokoʻa kāu kiʻina hana i ka mea hoʻohana ka wā i bookplate puke.

woodcutting

Kekahi o ka mea kahiko i kūpono mea he woodcut - engraving, hana ma luna o ka laau. Ua i loko o ka VIII kenekulia BC. e ka. East loaa kiʻekiʻe-kbps wahi mai ka lapaau ana wahie surfaces, a me ka XIV kenekulia i ka like 'ana i kūpono i ua noi maʻEulopa. Mākou kapa i kēiaʻano o woodcuts oki, lawe aku ia i ka lonikū pahiolo oki palupalu laau, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO he ohia, he chisel, a me ka pahi. No ka mea, o ka mea e kū'ē'ē mai o ka wahie olona, kaʻina ua lengthy a me ka laborious. Ma ka XVIII kenekulia English kahakaha Thomas Bewick invented i ke ala, e hoʻopau i ka engraving i ma ke kea pauku o ka paa laau kūikawā meaʻoki. Kēiaʻano o nā kaha loaa koke hiʻona no ka mea, 'ae' ia e lahilahi a me ka maemae laina, ke koi hohonu a me ka laumania nā mahele ma waena o ka malamalama a me ka pouli mau.

Engraving ma luna o ke keleawe

'O kēia kekahi o na aoao kahiko e ho okumu ana i wahi iʻikeʻia i loko o ka XIV kenekulia ma Italy. Ua Ua hana ia e oki i ka kuikawa kumu meaʻoki i ke keleawe a me ka mahope hoopiha ana i na Groove loaa HW. Ma hope iho o kēia kumu ua paiia ma lalo o ka puʻuwai, ke kuaua, absorbent pepa HW. Kēiaʻano hana i hala loa huikau ma ka hoʻokō, no ka mea, hiki ole e hoʻololi i kekahi mea a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana.

etching

'O kēia ka loa hanohano iaoiaeii o ka manufacturing mea exlibrisesʻakika etching kumu ma ke kiniki a me ke keleawe una honua. Mua, ma luna o ka papa uhiia me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, noi aku la i na mea lacquer haku mele 'ana me ka nānā' ana ma mahuahua, a resinous waiwai. I ka wā o ka varnish ua solidified, ka artist loaʻa he kūikawā kuikele,ʻilikai i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia kumu. Once he kiʻi ua hoololiia, i ka una honua ua hooluuia i loko o ka ipu o nitricʻakika corrodes i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. At maloko maiʻakika varnish loaaʻilikai kumu.

modernity

Inā mua Artists bookplates hua mai la ia e woodcuts a etchings, i keia la i ka hapanui o nā bookplates i ma ka laholio, hehi iho cliché. Hoikehonua, oaoieei-lako a pan e leie aku e kahakaha ai i na mea uuku oihana mua o bookplates e leie aku oe, e ho okumu i luna 'na hana o ke akamai.

Book lepili i loko o Rusia

Up i ka XVIII kenekulia i loko o Lūkini moʻolelo i kākau lima, a ma ka mea e malama ia mea o ka pono hana "possessory inoa", ma i mua a me ka hope inoa i haawi. Mahalo i ka Lūkini pai paionia Ivanu Fedorovu ka mua pai ia bookplateʻikeʻia i loko o ke kakahiaka nui XVIII kenekulia. Initially, ka mea, ua wale, hehi iho kiʻi, akā, i nā hoomaka ae la e hele mai i paʻapū ai Nails hoolako me ka pōkole mākia, ka haʻiʻana i ka vitality puali kulana. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Peter I naita ma moʻokalaleo lilo he ākea, a komo i loko o ka bookplateʻano. Nails, pili i ka puka Media, ka lehulehu, a lilo i ka pili o ke kūkākūkā, hōʻikeʻana i ka nohona kūlana o ka mea nana ka waiwai.

Ma ka XIX kenekulia ka pilinaʻeleu, ahu iho i hanaʻia i loko o Rusia, a me ka paulele i ka hoʻomana hale waihona puke oki ia e ka hōʻailona o ka pono. He nui hoʻonaʻauao kanaka, nä känaka 'epekema, kākau i nā hana he nui waihona ohi. Kēia i ka pilina i ka laulā kūkākūkā o bookplates, akā, alakaʻi i kona simplification. E aho pompous ohana kulana a me monogramsʻikeʻia maʻamau maoli, i loko o ka hana kope, i kupono i ka pilikino ikepili o ka mea nona, a me ka mālama 'wahi o ka puke - lumi bookcase a me shelves.

Ma XX kenekulia bookplate iʻaneʻane kuokoa ano moʻokalaleo Ke o Kimia nō. Kēia i kōkua ai i nā e ka mea i loko o Rusia ke ano moʻokalaleo Ke hana ma na mea kaulana Artists like Aleksandr Benua, Leon Bakst, Georgy Narbut, Elena Lancer, Mikhail Dobuzhinsky, a he nui na mea e ae. Ua ua iʻike i ka mea wale bookplate Vasnetsov i hanaia i ka 1901, i ka ia i ka uku, aeie pai "Iz knig NEI Ostroukhova "hana i ka pono-ike kahakaha ana o ka manawa VV Kokoolua i ke kiʻi i ka artist i loko o ka inika.

ʻO kēia moolelo o ka puke hoailona

Ma hope o ka 1917ʻOiʻenehana a me ke Kanawai War ua he lākou o Kimia Artists, e like me Nikolai Kupriyanov, Vladimir Favorsky, Alex Kravchenko a me nā haku. Subjects Exlibris hoomaka me ka nui loa, a hoomaka ae la bookplate e hōʻike kanaka ke kanaka me kāna moʻolelo a me nā koho o nā nona o nā puke.

hoomaka ai i 60-70 makahiki o ka hope ke kenekulia, I kekahi wā o bookplates hiʻona i loko o ko makou aina, i ka wa kanaka i ke komo pū o loko o kaʻohiʻohi puke. I loko nō o ka mea i ka hana ma ia manawa ua nui loa kaupalena ideological? Aieao, ua hana na Artists na hana hoihoi a me ka hana bookplates.

I kēia lā, i loko o ka XXI kenekulia, hoihoi i loko o ka exlibris ua lilo ikaika. O ke kumu ho kuhikuhi ana i ka mea i nui a me ka nui o ko mākou wā piʻi i luna i kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino, iho bookplate, ili, e like me Ex Libris, i mea o lalo o ka Hawaii photo.

kahi o ka hopena

Currently, ka puke hoailona hookauwa ole wale e malama i ka pono o ka hale waihona puke, akā, i like collectible mea. Ka mea, ke hai aku i ka puu e pili ana i kekahi au hou, i ka mea nona, a me ko lakou ola me ka make. Mai la i ka ninau o ina ka bookplate - mea ia mea, ua hiki ke olelo aku i keia mea,ʻaʻole pono he laekahi 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o Kimia kilokilo, akā, i Pahuhopu hoomanao o bygone wa a me na kanaka.