Devonian wā o ka Paleozoic au

'Ā ina Devonian wā (420 - 358 miliona makahiki aku nei) o ka hoʻomaka o ka Late Paleozoic. I ia manawa, ua nui na biotic hanana nui i alakaʻi ai i ka hou 'ana o ke ola ma ka Honua. Devonian'ōnaehana Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma ka makahiki 1839 ma kaʻepekema Adamu Sedgwick, a Roderick Murchison i loko o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia kalana o Devonshire, ma hope o ka mea ka mea, ua kapaʻia.

Biota

Ma ka Ewa o ka Devonian nui ia'na mai ai ke aloha ao nei. He nui? Ueony, loa he ākea i loko o ke ao nei, wale mae aku a nalowale. Ma kā lākou wahi, he mea hou pūʻulu o nā holoholona mea kanu. Ka mea, o ka mea i nana aku e like me ka flora a? Aaoa o ka Devonian wā e hooholo.

Aia i kekahi maoli kipi. Ano, i ke kino ola ole wale i loko o nā kai a me ka freshwater kino, akā, no hoi ma ka aina. He ākea ka'āina vertebrates a me ka honua kanu. Devonian manawa, na flora a? Aaoa a hoomau iho la oia i ka Hawaiʻi, ia ma ka muli o ka mua Amona (cephalopods). Ua hoano e kona heyday bryozoans, rugosa, kekahi mauʻano o ka kiko'ī a brachiopods.

Life i loko o ke kai

Ma ka hooulu ana o ka ke aloha ao nei i alakaʻi ai ole wale i ka evolution maoli, akā, i ke aniau o ka Devonian wā, e like me, pili una neʻe a me ka hopena o ka makahiki (me ka pau) loli i loko o nā kūlana o ka kaianoho koholā. Life ma ke kai ua lilo lakou i poe like me hoʻohālikelike i ka Silurian. Devonian wā o ka Paleozoic au hou ua wehewehe aku ma ka predominant kūpono 'ana o kekahi mau aeaia (kekahi kānakaʻepekema, a hea aku la ia "lawai au"). I ka Ia manawa ia i hoomaka ai mae tsistoidey, Nautiloidea, trilobites a me graptolites.

I kā mākou helu o ka hanau i kiko'ī a brachiopods. No e lauwili ua spiriferidy, atripidy, rinhonellidy a me ka terebratulidy. ? Ueo richness a kokololio variability i ka manawa oko ao brachiopods. Kēia pūʻulu o ka mea nui no ka paleontologists a me kanaka hulihonua komo i loko o ka piha dissection o hoʻokomo kālā.

Devonian i hala, i na holoholona a me nā mea kanu i kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia nui 'ano i loko o e like me ka au i hala, huli mai e e nui no ka hooulu ana o ke koʻa. Together me ka stromatoporoideyami bryozoans, a hoomaka ae la lakou e komo 'ana i loko o ka hana o ka papa. Ka mea, Ua kōkua ma kekahiʻano o calcareous līoho, i i noho ma ke Devonian kai.

Invertebrates a me vertebrates

Mawaena o na invertebrates loli Hawaiʻi ostracods, merostomes, tentaculites, blastoids, kai lilia, kai urchins, ka huahuakai, gastropods a me Conodonts. E like me ka mea i koe iho o ka poe akamai i hope i keia la, e hooholo i ka makahiki o sedimentary pōhaku.

Devonian manawa i koho ia e ka ulu nui o vertebrates. E like me ka olelo ma luna, ka mea, ua "iʻa Luna" - kapa kila, pokou a me cartilaginous iʻa noho i ka Hoʻohaku kūlana. Mai keia nuipa palapala i New pae. Ka mea, ua jawless iʻa-e like meaola. No ke aha la i kēia mau vertebrates kupu? No ka laʻana, he plastinokozhih a me ka mea nāna ia i uhi mua torso a me ka poo me ka manoanoa aiiay iwi - he kuleana hoʻopaʻapaʻa i loko o ka paio no ka ola. Kēia mau mea ka oko ao sedentary Aloha Hawaii. Ma ka waena o ka Devonian he ole wale cartilage, akā, Akulovo. noho ana ke Hoʻohaku wahi ka mea, a ma hope - i loko o ka Mesozoic.

kanu

I ka huli, ua kaawale mai ka Silurian Devonian wā,ʻoi loa kanu komo i ka'āina. Ua hoomaka ae la ko lakou kokololio resettlement a me ka hoʻololiʻana i ka mea hou ano honua kahi ola. Kakahiaka nui, a Sredniy Devon hooholoia ma lalo o ka rula ma luna o ka honua i ulu ma pohopoho wahi o primitive vascular mea kanu Rhyniophyta. Ma ka pau ana o ka manawa a lakou i ka anaiia ana mai'ō a'ō. Ma ka Middle Devonian ua ola spore kanu (chlenistostebelnye, Lycopodiaceae a me Fern).

mua gymnosperms ikea. Laau uuku Hawaiʻi i loko o ka laau. No vigorously e halii mai i heterosporous Fern. Holo nōhie wāwahi kanu hoʻomohala i loko o ka Hawaiian wahi, a ma laila he mahana, mehana a me ka humid aniau. Distance mai moana i ka Honua i ka i ia manawa nō nei me kekahi mea kanu.

aniau

Ke Devonian wā ua wehewehe aku ma ka maopopo zonation o ke aniau hoʻohālikelike me ka hoʻomaka o ka Paleozoic. East Evopeyskaya anuu, a Ural e noho ana i loko o ka Kapikoowāea ciia (ʻawelike 28 - 31 ° C), Caucasus - Aloha Bikini kāʻei (23 - 28 ° C). A like kulana home 'ole i koe i loko o Western Australia.

Arid aniau (maloo waonahele aniau) hoʻokumu ma Canada. I kēia manawa i loko o ka palena o ka'āina o Saskatchewan a me Alberta, e like me ia ma ka Mackenzie River ipuʻauʻau i kaʻeleu kaʻina o ka paakai hoʻomāhuahua. Kēia kiʻiona mark ma North America haʻalele ma hope o ka Devonian wā. Nā minelala hao loaa i loko o nā wahi. Ma ka Siberian anuu kekahi kimberliteʻohe ua lilo nui daimana hoʻokomo kālā.

pulu wahi

Ma ka hopena o Devonian ma ka hikina Siberia mahuahua humidification hoʻomaka ', no ka mea, o ka a uaʻikeʻia papa lako oukou i manganese oxides a me ka hao hydroxides. I ka Ia manawa humid aniau ua ano o kekahi mau mea o Gondwana (Uruguay, Argentina, South Australia). He Ua hookoaiaʻe e kiʻekiʻe humidity, a haule ii iai oi ma mua o ke seep i loko o ka lepo a me ka evaporate.

Ma kēia wahi (e like me ia ma ka akau-hikina a me ka hema Asia) i noho ai kai huihui ikehu lā hoʻonui kai limestones. Ma Belarus, aneea oneiaey a me Siberia, e hoʻonoho i kekahi ee iaaanu aey ona mau. I kakahiaka nui Devonian hoʻokumuʻia he nui helu o kalaka nui-kaʻawale, a kaʻawale loko loko i eiiieaenu i kaʻawale? Aaoa. Ma ka pau ana o ka wā o ka likeʻole ma waena o ke kumu, e blur.

nā minelala hao

Ke Devonian ma wahi me ka humid aniau i loko nō i hoʻokumu i ka loa kahiko i loko o ke ao nei lanahu nakaka. Mau hoʻokomo kālā nā hoʻokomo kālā i loko o Norway, a me Timan. Ma ka Devonian aila a me ka kinoea e hali ana i lipolipo i Pechora a me Volga-Urals wahi. ʻO ia ke ke i mai la ka like hoʻokomo kālā US, Canada, i ka Sahara, a me ka Amazon kīʻaha.

I keia manawa, ma na Urals, a ma Tatarstan hoʻomaka e lilo me ke koe o ka hao ka mea e hoohehee. I wahi me ka arid aniau hana mānoanoa strata o potash (Canada a me Belarus). Lua pele hoike ana i alakai aku ai i ka hoʻomāhuahua o ke keleawe-pyrite i eliia ma ka North Caucasus, a ma ka hikina kumu o na Urals. Kekahi kēpau-kiniki a me ka hao-manganese waiho i loko o Central aneea oneiaey.

honua

Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka Devonian i loko o ka 'Akelanika' Ākau'āina, a me ka hoʻomaka 'ana jutting mauna kanu'ōiwi (Northern Greenland, Hawaii Tien Betesana mai, Hawaiian). Euramerica ma ia manawa i ke aupuni 'o Kapikoowāea lakikū, Siberia, Korea a me Kina - ma ka pakiko lakikū. Gondwana ua loa ma ka hema hemisphere.

Euramerica i hanaʻia ma ka hoʻomaka o ka Devonian. Ke kumu no kona hanana i ka clash o hikina mai 'Eulopa, a' Amelika 'Ākau. Kēia'āinapuniʻole ua hoano e, pili ala ana (i ka mea nui loa ka mahele ana i ke kualono). Products o kona'aʻaiawā (i loko o ka palapala o ka ulaula clastic sediments) loaa ma Pelekane, Greenland, Spitsbergen a me Scandinavia. Me ka hou pelupelu ia mauna kanu'ōiwi (pa nenoaiu o ka Northern Appalachians a me Hawaii), i ka akau-komohana a me ka hema Euramerica hoopuni ae.

Ka hapa nui o ka hikina 'Eulopa anuu mea he haʻahaʻa nīnūnē hilly watersheds. Wale nō i loko o ka Koro kokoke i ka Beritania-Scandinavian lawe lima kāʻei waiho haʻahaʻa kuahiwi a me ka nui puʻu. Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka Devonian wā, i waikahe i na kanaka lalo loa o ka hikina 'Eulopa anuu ma ke kai. Ma ka Hawaiian kai hohola ula-i nā pōpō. Ma lalo o na kumu o ka kiʻekiʻe'ōmiko ma ka kikowaena hapa o ke kai pa holoi hoʻonui hoʻokomo kālā dolomite, gypsum, pōhaku paakai.