Dzheyms Dzhoul: Kawaihae,ʻepekema discoveries

Paha ka mea,ʻaʻohe kanaka ka mea iʻike i ka inoa o Dzheyms Dzhoul. E wehewehe ana o ke kālaikūlohea pili mai'ō a'ō. Ma ka ÿaoÿao hea ua i nä känaka 'epekema? He aha discoveriesʻo ia i?

Ke ola o ka hale hoʻokamakama physicist

December 24, 1818 Ua hanau Dzheyms Dzhoul. Kawaihae wā e hiki mai ke kālaikūlohea hoʻomaka i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Pelekania o Salford, i loko o ka ohana o ka mea nona o ka holomua brewery. Boy palapala ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka hale, oiai ke kālaikūlohea a me ka kemika ka mea, ao mai la Dzhon HaleakaLā. Mahalo iā ia, i ka English physicist, a hāʻule i loko o ke aloha me ka 'epekema.

i ole i Ioʻela maikaʻi ola, he hailona no ka manawa āna i noho ai ma ka hale, e mālama nei physical ho'āʻo a me ka ho okolohua. Mua i loko o 15 makahiki, ma muli o ka kona makuakane i ka maʻi, ka mea, he e kahu ai i ka brewery me kona kaikuaana. E hana i loko o kona makua kāne, hola i mea hiki ole i ka hele i ke kulanui, no laila, Dzheyms Dzhoul ua loa i haawiia mai ai i ka hale keʻena hoʻokolohua.

Mai 1838 a hiki i 1847 i ka physicist 'Imi këia uila, aʻo kona mau mua akeakamai e piʻi like. Ka puke pai moʻolelo o ka uila,ʻo ia paʻi i ka 'atikala e pili ana uila, a me ka 1841, wehe i ka physical kānāwai hou i kēia manawa, oia kekahi i kona inoa.

I ka 1847, Joel manao nei ka mea mua a me ka wale ka mare me Ameliey Grayms. Soon ka mea, i Elis Ameliya a me Bendzhamin Artur hanau. I ka makahiki 1854, kaʻu wahine a me ke keiki i pepehi. Joel iho make iho la i ka 1889 maʻEnelani, i loko o Salema.

Ma nā mea a pau i kona ola ana i paʻiʻia ma kahi o 97 pepa ma ke kālaikūlohea, kekahi o ia mau palapala ma ka neʻepapa hoʻi me nā kānakaʻepekema: .. Lyon, Thomson, etc. no ka poʻokela akeakamai e piʻi like, a wehe i nā kānāwai o ke kālaikūlohea, la oia i i hookoia kekahi mau mekala, a loaa i ka wa e ola hoomau, mai ke aupuni Beritania i loko o ka nui o ka ma kahi o 200 paona.

Ka mea mua a me nā hana ho okolohua

E kilo ana i ka mahu kiko'ī ma luna o kona makua kāne brewery, Dzheyms Dzhoul hoʻoholo ihola e puku ia me ka pila nui no ka hoʻokōʻana. I ka 1838, ua paʻi ia ma ka 'epekema puke' atikala i loko o ka mea ana i pena i ka mea a lakou invented i ka electromagnetic a Hawaii. I ka 1840, i ka brewery, hou uila Hawaii a me physicists hoʻomau i ka noiʻi i ka uilaʻikena a me ka wela kala. Hope ka mea, huli mai ia i ka mahu kiko'ī, ua nui aku efficient.

Iloko o ka ho okolohua, Joule hana ana wela i ka hiki ana mahana i loko 1/200 o ka degere. Ua apono 'ia e delve i loko o ke ao o ka Joule hopena. I ka 1840, i ke aloha a hiki i ka loa-huahelu kilo, he physicist huai ae kaʻume mākenēki saturation kanawai. I ka hookahi makahiki ka mea, hoouna mai i ka Royal Society pepa "Ma ke kahua o ka wela ma ka mea o ka pilaʻikena." Ka 'atikala iʻaʻole i hoʻomaopopo ai. Hoolaha iaʻae wale Manchester ka palapala, a me ka Philosophical Magazine.

Joule-Lenz

Unrecognized London Ho oholo Wae Society 'atikala a laila hoao ia e kekahi o na kumu nui e piʻi like ana o ke nä känaka' epekema. Ma ka 'atikala Dzheyms Dzhoul kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka pono a me ka nui o ka wela hanauna. He ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka nui o ka wela i ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o ke alakaʻi mele ka pololei hapaʻauhau i ka ia'ku o ke alakaʻi mele, ke kahua o ka nui a me ka manawa o ka hooholo ia ana oʻikena.

I keia manawa, e like me ke kumumanaʻo ulu Emiliy Lents. Ka mea i ka conductivity o ka mea hao alakaʻi mele hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka wela, ke Lūkini physicist loaa i kakahiaka nui me makahiki 1832. I ka pololei hooholo i ke ana wela i loko o ke alakaʻi mele nä känaka 'epekema invented he kūikawā ipu, a ua piha i ka waiʻona. Uea ma i kaʻikena ua haule i loko o ka moku. Next ka mea, e malama Track o Pehea lā ka lōʻihi o ka waiʻona hoʻomehana mai. Dzheyms Preskott Joule hoʻohana i like iaoia, akā, me he wai ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka wai.

Nā hualoaʻa o nā makahiki o ka noiʻi Lenz paʻiʻia wale nō i loko o 1843, akā, ua oi pololei akeakamai haʻawina ma mua o ka Joule, hana i ma mua i makemake i hiki ke kakau i kana hana. Ua haawiia i ke primacy o Joule a me ka pololei hoʻomaulia Emiliya Lentsa, ka mea i hooholoia e inoa i ke kānāwai i loko o ka hanohano o elua. Over manawa, ka Joule-Lenz ulu mau thermodynamics.

magnetostriction

Ma ia laua me ka waiwai o ka uilaʻikena Dzheyms Dzhoul këia ʻume mākenēkiʻike manaʻo. I ka 1842, ke i mai nei, ua hao loli aʻe i loko o ka nui ma lalo o ka aoao oʻume mākenēki nalu. Inā ka metala laau waiho i loko o kaʻume mākenēki kahua, kona lōʻihi, e ia i kona wahi hou.

Ke scientific kaiāulu kanalua no ka ike i ke ola anaʻaneʻi o ka puka. Hoʻololi i ka nui o na mau laau la ua ai mailuilu haalele i ka mea, ua i ike ia e na kanaka maka ia. Akā, i ka physicist ua ulu ka kūikawā 'ana i kūpono ana i loaa maopopo hoike.

Hope ka mea, huli mai i keia kanawai i na mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a me ka kŰia kapa magnetostriction. Ano, e wehe i ka Joule loaʻa nui hoʻohana. No ka laʻana, ka mea waveguide mea e ana ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai i loko o ka pahu poʻina nalu i magnetostrictive ke hooheheeia. O kŰia ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hana o ka lepili i loko o antikrazhevyh nenoai.

Ho okolohua me ke kinoea

Ma na 40s Dzheyms Dzhoul ua 'Imiʻimi ana i ka waiwai o ke kinoea,ʻo kaʻike manaʻo pili i kona anoe, a contraction. He alakaʻi ho okolohua me ka palena manawa o ka hookuuia kinoea, pela ka hooiaio ana i kona maloko ikehu 'aʻole i hilinaʻi ma luna o ka leo. Nui mea wale nō ke kinoea mahana.

I ka makahiki 1848,ʻo Ioʻela ka mua manawa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kālaikūlohea , e ana i ka mämä holo o ke kinoea nā lātoma. Kēia ka hoao ana i ka kakahiaka nui hana ma ka kinetic kumumanaʻo o kinoea, haawi impetus no hou noiʻi i loko o kēia wahi. Joule hope hana hoomauia ka Scot Dzheyms Maksvell.

No ka mea, o kona nui akeakamai nā haʻawina i loko o ka hanohano o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia physicist i ka inoa o ka pa alima o ka hana, a me ka nui o ka wela ikehu - Joule.

Joule a Thomson

A nui hopena ma luna o ka hana o ka Joule a me kona 'ike ai i loko o ka' epekema honua i Uilyam Tomson. Epekema hālāwai i ka 1847 ka wā Joel i na poe e ka Beritania Hui oʻepekema hoike ma ka ana o ka mechanical e like paha o ka wela.

Mua Thomson Joule ua ole ia seriously ma ka 'epekema koʻikoʻi a hanohano. ʻO wai ka mea i ike, malia o mākou makemake i ua ike oia i ike i nā kānāwai o ke kālaikūlohea, ina Uilyam Tomas i ole wehewehe ia i ka nui o ka "snobs" o ke kaiāulu o Beritania.

Together ke kālaikūlohea waiwai a nānā aku kinoea hamama, i ke kinoea ua ho'ēmiʻia ka adiabatic throttling. Ia mea, i ke ana wela o ke kinoea (a wai) ua hoemi i ka hooholo ma ka orifice (insulated kiwikā). KŰia ua kapaia Joule-Thomson kanawai. Ano keia kŰia ua hoʻohana 'ia e loaaʻi haʻahaʻa mahana.

ʻepekema, ua komo pū i loko o ka thermodynamic pālākiō, i kapaʻia ma hope o ka inoa o ka Haku, Kelvin, a no ia William Thomson.

Kuokoa ana o James Joule

Fame a iaia nae a loaa ka physicist o Beritania. I ka 50-ies o ka XIX kenekulia, lilo iho la oia i kekahi lālā o ka Royal Society a ua hookoia ka Royal kâlâ keʻokeʻo. I ka 1866, ua loaa i ka Copley kâlâ keʻokeʻo, a laila, Albert kâlâ keʻokeʻo.

Kekahi mau manawa Joule lilo pelekikena o ka Pelekania Science Ahahui. He Ua hookoia ka me kēia degere o Kauka o Law ma College Dublin, Edinburgh a me Oxford kulanui.

Ma kona hanohano he kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ke kūlanakauhale keʻena i loko o Manchester, a me ka mea hoʻomanaʻo i loko o Westminster Abbey. Ma ka 'aoʻao aʻe o ka mahina lua ole James Joule.

ka hopena

Ke nä känaka 'epekema kaulana, kona inoa ua kapaʻia nā kānāwai o ke kālaikūlohea a me na huahelu hiki ole loaʻa ae. Mahalo i kona perseverance a me ka ikaika hana,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i kānalua i ka lehulehu inā 'aʻole'. Ma ka hopenaʻo ia i ho'āʻo pono i loko o kona wahi ma lalo o ka la, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka Helu lua pele.