'Edemuna Burke: nā kaha puana'ī, olelo, Kawaihae, walaʻauʻana manaʻo, ka manaʻo politika ike, i ke kumu hana, photo, kālaiʻike

'Edemuna Burke (1729-1797 GG.) - A koʻikoʻi o Beritania hale kanawai, ka manaʻo politika a me ka lehulehu huahelu, kākau moʻolelo, essayist, poe akeakamai, i hoʻokumu o ka makeʻe kulana kuhikuhi. Kona hana a me ka hana e kau mai ma luna o ka 18th kenekulia, e lilo i Contemporary o ka FaraniʻOiʻenehana, e like me nā lālā hoʻi o ka hale kanawai paio. Kona mau manaʻo 'ana a me ka manao i ka na hiohiona keiki ma luna o ka nohona a me ka pili aupuni ka manaʻo, a me kana mau hana kēlā manawa, kena ae la hiki wawe ko hoopaapaa ma kaiāulu.

Kekahi kūʻiʻo o ke ola

'Edemuna Burke, kona Kawaihae o ke kumuhana o kēia hōʻike, i hānauʻia ma Ireland i ka 1729. Kona makua kāne i ke Kalawina, kona makuwahine - he Hui. Puka 'o ia mai Trinity College ma Dublin, a laila, hoʻoholo, e lawe i ka jurisprudence, hele aku la i London. Akā, iʻaneʻi, ua lilo hoihoi i loko o ka 'oihana,' kākau moʻolelo. 'Edemuna Burke i ka hoʻoponopono o ka puke pai "makahiki E hoʻokāinoa," wā kona kuhikuhi ana a me ka maʻiʻo no ka aneane a pau kona ola. A laila, hoomaka ae la oia, a me kona 'oihana pili aupuni, e lilo ana kakauolelo o ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina (i ka 1765), a ma hope kekahi lālā o ka hale kanawai. I ka Ia manawa (1756), i palapala mai kekahi mau hana-kona mau manaʻo, a hoʻolimalima i aku la ia ia kekahi hiʻona a me ka 'ae' ia e hoʻomaka ka launa pū i loko o ka palapala, ai koʻikoʻi a hanohano. 'Edemuna Burke, e hoolilo i ka hana nui i pili aupuni a me ka philosophical nīnūnē, ua kaulana pili kēia i kā lākou mau hale kanawai olelo a me ka pepelu i kela manawa i ke kumuhana o ka olelo kūkākūkā a me ka hoopaapaa ana.

pili aupuni wale

Kona hale kanawai 'oihana, hoomaka ae la ka wā i lilo kakauolelo o ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina, ka poe i huiiaʻi me ka Whig aoao. He koke i ke alakaʻi i loko o ka mahele i hoʻoholo i kona pili aupuni wale. 'Edemuna Burke, i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka conservatism, nae kekahi mau 'ikamu paʻa ka lokomaikaʻi wale. No laila,ʻo ia i ka poʻe kākoʻo iā ia o ka mihi a me ka manaoio i pono e ma muli o ke aliʻi i ka mana ma luna o ka ea ana o na kanaka. He kū'ē i ka piha aupuni mō'ī, e manaoio ana i ka piha pili aupuni ke ola i loko o ke aupuni e ia i ka aoao a me ka manawa, e hoike i ko lakou manao pololei, a akāka loa.

paʻa

Akā, ma nā nīnūnē'Edemuna Burke, i ka walaʻauʻana i ka manaʻo nui o ka i mea makeʻe kulana, ke manao nei kekahi mau kulana. No laila, i loko o rula he kākoʻo iā ia, o ka mihi, oia no na mea i manaoio ia mau loli e e gradual a loa makaala ole e hoʻopilikia i ka na koena o ka mana a me ka 'aʻole e hanaʻino i nā kenekulia i hana i ke kahua. He kū'ē i ka ulia, a drastic loli ma ka manaoio ia, e alakai i na hana e chaos a me ka anarchy.

e pili ana i kaiāulu

'Edemuna Burke, kona kālai'āina ike me kekahi mau piko hiki ke kapaia makeʻe kulana, olelo mai ke alo o na hana o ke Aupuni Beritania i ka mahalo ana o ka 'Amelika' Ākau panalāʻau. kapa aku la oia, e haawi aku ia aneiai ku okoa ana a me ka hooluolu aku i ka auhau kaumaha, i olelo mai ai e pili ana i ka pono, e hoopau i ka ua hehi wale no. He pū nema aku i ka hana o ka hikina India Company ma Inia, a i ka leo i ka hoao ana o ka luna o ka aina W. Hastings (1785). Ke kaʻina A ua ka leo nui, a hoike na hanaʻino ana o na Beritania e hooponopono'ōnaehana i loko o kēia aupuni. 'Edemuna Burke, conservatism mea oi loa akaka no ma ka hoopaapaa ana me Hastings, ua kūkākūkāʻia i India e hana Western kūmau a me nā kānāwai, a me kona hoa paio, ma ka kekahi lima, ua kūkākūkāʻia e ia mea unacceptable ma ka hikina'āina.

Ka Palani kipi

Ua hoʻomaka 'ia ma 1789, a hoohaalulu iho la iaʻEulopa aina a pau,ʻaʻole wale i ka nohona a me ka pili aupuni upheaval, akā, i ko lākou mau manaʻo. Aku i ka la mahope ikaika nema aku'Edemuna Burke, ka poe i ua kūkākūkāʻia ana ka manao o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kumumanaʻo, a speculative, Hōʻuluʻulu, mai i kekahi maoli mōʻaukala aina, a no ia mea, e aole loa ilalo na aa ona i loko o ke kaiāulu, no ka mea, ka mea e ole i kekahi aʻa a me ka mōʻaukala. He Akä naÿe no ka pono maoli o maoli. Ka la mahope, ma kona manao, o ke kumumanaʻo wale nō, akā, ma ka mea, aia no na wale ka poe e i hoʻomohala ma ka papa o ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey o mua hanauna.

Ma ka hui, a me ka moku'āina

'Edemuna Burke, nona ka manaʻo e makeʻe kulana kuhikuhi, hoole, hoao a nema aku i ka nohona aelike kumumanaʻo J.-J. Rousseau, ka mea i loko o ka i mea e makemake renounces na kanaka ia lakou iho kauwahi o ko lākou mau pono kīvila a me aaeaao kuleana moku'āina no ka hooponopono a me ka maluhia ka palekana. Ma ka manao o Burke, a pau kālai'āina, nioeaeuii-yeiiiie? Hui me ka nānā 'ana i mea hiki ke ola, ma ka mea ana i kenekulia hua mai, a ho'āʻo ma ka manawa. Nolaila, e hana i ke aloha, i aku la ia, imi e hoʻololi i ka na kauoha, ka mea hiki wale nō e cautiously hoʻoikaika 'ana me kekahi kumu hou. I ole ia, e hele mai chaos a me ka anarchy, i ka mea hiki i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Farani.

He aha ia i kamaʻilio ai e pili ana i ke ku okoa ana

Nā kākau paipai i lawelawe like ole a me ka nohona luna kiʻekiʻe ua mau ola, nolaila, noonoo iho la hoʻokahuli aupuni papahana ma luna o ka hana ana o ke kaiāulu e ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ke ao like utopia. 'Edemuna Burke, aphorisms a concisely ka hoike i ka pā like o kona kālaiʻike, ua kūkākūkāʻia ia ia mea 'ole ke hoʻokō huina like a me ka mau Kuokoa.

He e pili ana i ke kēia hoakaka ia ma keia manao: "I mea e i noho kauwa ole ana, ka mea i pono, e kali." Na manao o na revolutionaries ia i huli like speculative kūkuluʻia a kuhikuhi i ka unrest ana me ia ma Farani ma hope o ka coup. Pili kēia hoomaikai aku i kana mau hana ku ei ka pepeluʻOiʻenehana Tory aupuni alakaiia e William,ʻoiai ka Pehea i ka olelo hooholo, e hele i ke kaua ku e aku i ka moku'āina. 'Edemuna Burke, nā kaha puana'ī a paipai i kona makeʻe kulana oihana keia oihana, hoʻike i ke kanaka ke ole e ihola ia kūʻokoʻa, mai ka hui, ka mea, ua somehow pili ia ia. He olelo no ia i kēia ala: "Hōʻuluʻulu ku okoa ana, e like me ka abstractions, 'aʻole i nei."

Manaʻo e pili ana i na aesthetics

I ka loa hoʻomaka o kana palapala, ai 'hana (1757), i palapala mai ai i ka pepa noa i ka' "ka philosophical study o ke kumu o ko mākou manaʻo o ka sublime, a me ka nani." Ma ka mea, i ke nä känaka 'epekema? Aaei hou no kona manawa, i ka manaʻo i ka naʻauao o ka aesthetic maikaʻi kanaka, aole ia e hilinaʻi ma ka pokole o ke akamai, a me ka lilo o ka maluhia a me ka uhane e pono ai. Keia hana ua lawe mai ia i kona kaulana, a noho ano nui i wahi i loko o ka helu ana i na hana e pili ana i aesthetics. Kēia hana i ua unuhi 'ia i loko o ka' ōlelo Lūkini, a olelo o ke kaulana o kona.

honua nānaina

'Edemuna Burke, kona kālaiʻike ua i pili kēia nānā 'ana i nā manaʻo o ka conservatism, kaheaia kekahi hana hoihoi manaʻo e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala a me ka pili nohona. No ka laʻana, ka mea i manaoio aku i ka mihi e lawe i ka mooolelo i ho'ākāka 'ka hoao ana i loaa ma mua hanauna. He kapa alakaʻiʻia e kekahi examples ma mua o Hōʻuluʻulu theories. E like me ia ia ia, keia i ka pono alanui e hoʻololi i ka pili nohona e. Ma kēia wā,ʻo ia nona i ka olelo: ". Mai hoomanao oukou i kumu hana - ia o ke kula wale o ke kanaka, a hiki i kekahi kanaka ke kula ua loa hele a e ole e hele"

Na kahiko nānaina

'Edemuna Burke i manaoio i ka mooolelo nui o ka waiwai o ua kahea, e malama a me ka mahalo, e like me ka mea ulu ola iho, a i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka makemake pono a me ka olelo ana o kanaka, a me ka mai e hele mai speculation. Aia ka meaʻino, ma kona manao, ma mua o ke kue ana i ka papa maoli o? Acaeoey, a ua hoʻonoho ma ka mōʻaukala a me ke ola iho. He nema aku i nā hanana Palani o kona manawa i loko o ka kaulana (essay) "Ka Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo ma kaʻOiʻenehana ma Farani" (1790) Mai kēia mau kulana. Ona e kipi, ike aku la oia ia ia i luku ai i ka nunui uhane ka hoao ana loaa ma mua hanauna. Ho'āʻo 'o ia e kūkulu i ka hou kaiāulu aole ia i manao lapuwale i ka noho maikai ana, no ka mea, ua wale chaos a me ka luku aku.

waiwai

Ma na palapala a me ka olelo hoomaikai, o Burke mua loaa hopeʻae ideological makeʻe kulana nā manaʻo. No laila, ka mea, ua manaoia e ia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka panina conservatism. Kona philosophical wale kūlana 'he koʻikoʻi wahi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka pili aupuni ka manaʻo a me ka kaiāulu hoihoi pili aupuni e kamailio no ke ku okoa ana o ka' Amelika 'Ākau panalāʻau e ku ei ka hanaʻino ana o ka' ōlelo Pelekānia i ka mana i loko o Inia, no ka mea ku okoa ana o ka Hui hoomana ma Ireland ua i ia i kekahi o na elele koʻikoʻi o kona manawa. Kona manao, naʻe, hiki ole ke kapaia kūlike loa makeʻe kulana, no ka mea, ua pinepine hahai ma hope i ka lokomaikai hoi o ka manaʻo.