Entomology - ka mea, o ua 'epekema? He aha ka mea i këia entomology

Entomology - keia mea kekahi o na pauku o ke zoology. Ua Ua nānā ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i kekahi mau? Ueo o nā mea kolo. I Kekahi Mau transcript mea entomology. Words i loko o keia hui malu pu ana i Greek. O ἔντομον - "insect" a me ka λόγος - "e aʻo ana." Aia nō he nui loa o nā mea kolo. Ia mea ma kahi o 3 miliona? Ueo. Nolaila, e makaikai i nā mea a pau o ia mau mea, e pono kōkua me ka nui hoʻomalu.

I ka moolelo o ka hanana

Entomology - ka 'epekema o nasekomoobraznyh. Ua originated i loko o ka XVI kenekulia. Ua i hoʻomaka koke ka hoʻoikaika 'ana, hoomaikai ana i ke kūpono' ana o ka moʻomeheu a me ka mahiai (beekeeping).

He nui no na biologists nui, ua hoihoi i loko o kēia 'epekema. Ua E ke Kumu Darwin, Nobel laureate Karl av Frisch, kākau moʻolelo Vladimir Nabokov, Kumu Edward Wilson.

He aha ka mea i këia entomology

Up i ka hapalua o ka XIX ke kenekulia, ua aʻo kānakaʻepekema i ka'anatomia oʻano o nā mea kolo, i ka iwi hōʻike a me nā loko mawaho. A iki ma hope, hoomaka ae la biologists e hoʻoikaika 'ana i loko o kēia wahi. Ka mea, hoomaka ae la e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina nā mea kolo, uku maliu ole wale i ka iwi a me nā loko, akā, no hoi ma ke kanaka māhele o ke kino. Kēia mea he nui mea.

kekahi mau mea

Entomology - ka 'epekema o nasekomoobraznyh ano, oia no kekahi mau pauku.

• ʻimi naʻauao, ao ke ano o liluwelo ano o ke kanu 'ohana ka palekana.
• Kanawai o ka mahuaola a me nā kumumea no ka hoʻololiʻana abiogenous nā mea kolo keʻano o ka hanaʻana.
• Ethology.
• Ke ola pōʻaiapuni o nā mea kolo a me ka ontogeny.
• Entomofauna.
• Ke evolution o nā mea kolo.
• Heluna kanaka entomology.
• Ke morphology a me embryology o nā mea kolo.
• ʻimi naʻauao kumu o ka mea hiki entomology.
• Kuʻe Huli hoi o ka makana.
• Systematics.
• Paleontology.

Description o nāʻaoʻao

Kela a me keia makahiki biologists hana i loko o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o nā mea kolo ma ka mea e hooholo ke kumu ka mea e pono ai a me ka mea o ko lākou wahi ma ka ano. Iloko o ka nui haʻawina o nā'ūhini lele me hoomaka ae la e mahele i loko o nā palapala a me ka maikaʻi kēia ano. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, Entomology - ke ao ana o nā mea kolo, nona ka papa kuhikuhiE manao mea e noiʻi i ka hana a me ka ano o insect pests, e like me ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka hoʻokō ano o ka paioʻana ia.

Mua o nā mea a pau aʻu i makemake makemake e kālele ana ma luna o kekahi mea. Ia mea, mai nā mea a pau i këia entomology, kńnaka i oi hoihoi i loko o kekahi insect? Ueony, a e ia i ka papa kuhikuhiE nā moku halihali mokulele o ka maʻi he nui loa. Kēia, ma ka huli, ka loa detrimental i kanaka ola. No hoi, aole emi nui i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o nā mea kolo e lawe mai ia ia ka poino ole wale i ke kanaka, akā, keʻai i waena mea kanu. Ua piha like alaila kuu aku la hana hoihoi pono a me ka hopena. Nā'ōlelo Ua mālama parasitism a me ka 'ole. D.

Ua lawe mai nā haʻawina mea hiki ana nona ma ka paioʻana i ka'ōlelo mai nā mea kolo. Mākou hoʻohana i ka ike ana o ka palapala, a me ka aoao o ke ola ana o kela a me keia o ka pest. Aie i ka nui piha liluwelo haʻawina a me nā loina o ko lakou mau ola, ua hiki ke kūkulu i ka mea, e luku mai ia lakou ka noiʻi. No ia mea, Entomology - ka 'epekema e loaʻa nui i ano. Trial a me ka hewa o keia hoopunipuni nāʻaoʻaoʻelua e kū insect pests i ua ulu. O kekahiʻawa mea kanu me ka make 'ona. Kēia ke kaʻina hana no ka poʻea pau i ka make ana o kēia mau nā mea kolo. Naʻe, ka mea, i nā palapala i kanaka ola. E hoʻomanaʻoʻoukou i ka, mua o nā mea a pau, entomology - ka 'epekema o nā'ūhini lele me a' ē aʻe like 'ole nā mea kolo. Aʻo e pili ana i ia e e hoʻohana i kekahiʻano o ka noiʻi i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Ka pilina me kaʻano o ka

Ke ola ana o ka entomology, hiki ke loaʻa ma ka hana kūikawā a me nā paʻi puke Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke e pili ana i kona mea hiki waiwai a me ka ulu ana. Ma hope o kou nānā i kēia 'ike ka mea i ike i ka pilina ma waena o kekahi mau laha' ana o nā mea kolo e loa eiiieaena. Ka mea, ua mau hana hoihoi 'e kiai i ka insect ola ma ka aoao o ka' epekema. A ua loaa ka ike i ka hana. No laila, hoʻokipa i ke kiloʻikepili mai nā ka mea hiki a me kaʻimi naʻauao wahi o ka Hawaii. Ua huli mai ia i ka nui laha 'o ka'ūhini lele me i naʻike manaʻo e like me parasitism a me ka symbiosis. Ma ka hihia mua - ka mea, o ka wā hoʻokahi insect ola ma ka lilo ana o kekahi. Ma ka lua o ka - ae kōkua i kekahi i kekahi.

Pinepine i ke loaʻa i nā parasites nā loko o ka Diptera, a me ka membranous pepa. Aole nae he ekemuia Ua ike nui mea. , Ae waiho nei ma ka mea i ke ola ma muli o ia i kekahi mau insect? Ueo kekahi laha 'o parasites, a me na mea e ae i e polyphagous. He nui ke hoomanao. Noho iho la na manawa ka wā o nā parasites noho ma ka lilo ana o na mea e ae, a laila, i ke kolu a me ka ha. Me ka mahalo i ka symbiosis, keia kŰia i ua ike mawaena o ka manawa, ka holo akula. Ke kaiāulu ke ola me ia he nui loa nā insect? Ueo. Ko lakou mau ola, ua interconnected. A laila, ua like ka mea i termitofiliya a myrmecophily.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE waeʻano o Entomology

Ma keia hihia, loaʻa nō kekahi mau ai. Entomology - ka 'epekema o nā mea kolo - Ua i puunaueia i loko o kekahi mau waeʻano. Kēlā me kēia no ia komo ai i kekahi ao ao. Ma keia hihia:

• Ponoi entomology nā mea kolo. Ua nā nā kēia ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana:

- melittology (i ke ao o ka nalo meli).

- Blattopterologiya ole diktiopterologiya (cockroaches, ka holo akula).

- Dipterologiya (i ke ao o ka makika, a nahu).

- Gimenopterologiya (ao o ka nalo meli, wasps, holo pylilschikov, manawa).

- coleopterology (ke ao o Coleoptera).

- lepidopterist (noiʻi Lepidoptera).

- myrmecology (i ke ao ana o ka manawa.

- Odonatologiya (dragonflies).

- orthopterology (i ke ao o ka ohana uhini, crickets).

- Trihopterologiya (noiʻi caddisflies).

• General Entomology. He Hawaiʻi ka 'ole, evolution a me ka nohona o insect ola haʻawina, kanaka ana a me kā lākou mau habitats.
• Haʻapili Entomology. He He 'epekema e pili ana i ka? Aaoa, i ka loaʻa o kekahi mau wahi. Kēlā me kēia no ia he nemaloznachimy külana. oia:

- Lake Entomology.

- kauka holoholona.

- Lapaʻau o.

• Mahiai Entomology. He ua këia i kekahi mauʻano o ka insect. O ka poe mea i nā palapala i ka ulu, mea kanu, holoholona a me nā kānaka. Ua hoi Pilikanaka na nā mea kolo limahana ma pollination o ka mea kanu.
• Forensic entomology. Ma keia hihia ka mea paa i ka kekahi ao ao. Ia mea, i kēia Entomology - ka 'epekema o nā mea kolo e pili ana i ka forensic' epekema e Pilikanaka na ano i i ikeia ma ka kino o ke kanaka, ma hope o kona make ana. Ma na olelo e ae, ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i kaʻokoʻa kahua o? Acaeoey o ka larvae o blowflies hiki i ka wā o ke ola ana o ke kino make. Kēia Entomology - ka 'epekema e loaʻa kekahi mau ana hoʻohālike. No ka laʻana, ina ke kupapaʻu i larvae a he hua paha, alaila make oi ma mua o eha hola aku nei ua ole. A ina mea e, he hana pepehi hope 6-12 hola. Akā, ināʻoe i ua lā, i ke loaʻa i ka nui larvae ma luna o ke kino. Ma hope o 36 h., Ua hoomahuahua i ka nui. Akā, inā ua hala elua pule, i ko lakou pupation huli no. Na Pākē i loko o nā lā kakahiaka o forensic entomology i loko o ka XIII kenekulia, hoomaka ae la e hoʻohana i ka nalo larvae, e hōʻike aku i ka pepehi kanaka hihia.

Kulanui o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe, këia i kēia 'epekema

Nā pilikia pili me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o nā mea kolo ma Rusia, hooholo ma ka kēia kulanui.

- Moscow State University ma ka aeaaiono? Museum (Moscow).

- Ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua study o entomology i loko o ka Hōʻole akula Hawaiian Branch o Russian Halau o Sciences (kālaimeaola a me ka lepo Science). Ua Ua Aia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Vladivostok.

- Ka Russian Halau o Sciences (Institute o Evolutionary Morphology). Ua Ua Aia ma Moscow.

- Institute. Schmalhausen. Ua Ua Aia ma Kiev.

- Ka National Halau o Sciences o Ukraine. Location - Kyiv.

- aʻe e pili ana i ka eanie? A me ka mahiʻai entomology, këia ma ka Russian Institute o Plant 'ohana ka palekana. Ua Ua Aia i loko o nā wahi e pili ana o St. Petersburg. A me loko o nā kulanui o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe, a koe ma hope o ka Soviet Union hana i loko o ke ao o flora. Me ia ma ka hana noiʻi kula.

- pilikia me ka 'inikua entomology hooholo i loko o nā hipa kāne. Kēia Institute o ka malaria a me parasitic maʻi.

- hoʻi hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i nāʻikepili paʻa i loko o nā kulanui. ʻo ia, i loko o ka Kelemānia Entomological kula, a me ka Baltic Institute coleopterology.

Mawaena o ka nui kulanui 'epekema i hoakaka ia no ka elima makahiki, ua koho' ia ma kahi o 25 545 'atikala pau i ka entomology.

Wale 5 kulanui kaulana no lākouʻilikai. Oia: University o Hawaii, Kaleponi, kahawai Cornell, Davis, Texas A & M.

Ke Keʻena o këia entomology

Ka mea, i loaʻa nui. Eia naʻe, ua hana ka nui poʻe.

- Ka Mahiai University ma ka Kuban. Ka 'Oihana i hanaia i ka makahiki 1968.

- Ma ka Kulanui o ia. Kulanui o Moscow i loko o ka makahiki 1925, i ke kumu kula o kālaimeaola a me Keʻena o Entomology i hanaia 'aneʻi.

- Ma ka Kulanui o ia. Timiryazeva (ICCA). Ka 'Oihana i hanaia i ka 1920.

- Na Saint-Petersburg State University.

- Ma Saratov ke kula e pili ana, a ua hoʻokumu ka 'Oihana o Entomology. ʻo ia, ma ka State Agrarian University. Vavilov.

- Ua hoʻokumuʻia kekahi Oihana o Entomology ma Stavropol ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe. He ka State Agrarian University. Vavilov.

I ka hoʻolālā kākou i loko o entomology

I ka 1859, KM Baer a me Academician Semenov-Tyan-Betesana mai hana Lūkini ke kaiāulu kanaka, e noiʻi i entomology. I Soviet manawa ka mea, ua he definite inoa - ". All-Union Entomological Society"

Oia ka hoʻonohonohoʻia i ka nānā 'ana i loko o nā'āina a puni ka honua. oia:

- France.

- UK.

- Germany (Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin).

- Holland.

- Pelekiuma.

- Rusia.

- America (hoʻokumu i ka 1867.).

- Philadelphia (1859 loa.).

- Canada.

- Italia.

- Kamepelika.

- Germany.

A me ka 'ē aʻe entomological kaiaulu e:

- Ukraine.

- Beritania.

- Japan.

- Brazil.

- Argentina.

- Venezuela.

- Spain (Asociación Entomolóxica Galega, Asociación Española de Ka Entomología, Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa, Sociedad Andaluza de Ka Entomología (boletín), Sociedad Española de Ka Entomología Aplicada).

- Colombia.

- Mexico.

- Chile.

Aia mau no hoi kūwaho hoʻi nā kaiapili: International Society o Hymenopterists, USA, International Palaeoentomological Society.

A pono ka International Union no ka Study o Social nā mea kolo.

paiia

Ua hoʻokumu paʻa papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika Lūkini paʻi puke ma luna o mai la 'epekema mea:

- "Entomological Review". Eia comprehensively wehewehe i nā subtleties o keia olelo.

- "All-Union Entomological Society hana ana."

Nō hoʻi, ma laila nō ka lehulehu ākea:

- Zoosystematica Rossica (1993).

- "Russian Entomological Pai." He hoomaka ia e hoopukaia i ka 1992.

- "Eulńsia Entomological Pai" (2002), a pela aku ...

mea i loaʻa i loko o ka nunui-buke A hailona o ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana nā wehewehena o nā nā mea kolo ma ka Russian Hui "o Rusia, a e pili aina (ka Soviet Union)." Kēiaʻano o ka moʻokalaleo ua paʻiʻia ma na aina a puni ka honua.

ka hopena

heluhelu i kēia kikokikona ma hope, kela kanaka keia kanaka e e hiki ke pane i ka ninau i këia entomology, i mau mea ia e loli ai. He mea e pono ai wale nō e heluhelu pono i ka luna nei. Nō hoʻi, 'ike hiki ke loaʻa ma kēia kahua me "molbiol". Entomology malaila wehewehe i hou au mamuli. Ma kekahi mau mākou ke hai aku nui e pili ana i kēia 'epekema. He fraught me ka hailonaʻana o nā hana hoihoi a me ka pono i kanaka. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - e i ka hoihoi i loko o kēia wahi. A ina oe e hele i ka loa i loko o ka entomology, ka mea e e loa ai, hoʻokipaʻia a me instructive 'epekema.