Grigoriy Samuilovich Landsberg: ke kālaikūlohea. Elementary ke kālaikūlohea

Kekahi o ka mea maikai Sovietʻepekema hoomaka ana o ka XX kenekulia - Grigory Landsberg. Ke kālaikūlohea lilo iho la i kana oihana e like me ke keiki. He kaulana me he kanaka noiʻi ano o ka malamalama.

Biographies o nā kānakaʻepekema

Ma Vologda i ka 1890,ʻo ia i hānauʻia Grigory Landsberg. Physicist ka mea i keia la e ole i ka inoa, e hiki ole hoi i noonoo ai. A hanau wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema ma ka ohana o ka papa kiʻekiʻe ululāʻau a me kana wahine Berty Boym.

He komo i ka Vologda grammar kula, akā, koke ua hoomakaukau oia me kona ohana i ka Nizhny Novgorod, kahi ia i pau ai i ka noho haumāna hoʻonaʻauao. Puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma ka makahiki 1908. Gold kâlâ keʻokeʻo i i hookoia no ka maikai o? Anoee.

Këia i loko o Moscow

Mai Nizhny Novgorod i Moscow hoouna Landsberg. Ke kālaikūlohea meaʻaneʻi i kona punahele kumuhana. He komo i ka ke kālaikūlohea a me Balanced'āuna kumu o Moscow State University. I ka 1913, ua loaa i ka palapala puka o ke degere mua. Ma keia hihia, ua hoʻoholo ihola,ʻaʻole e haʻalele, akā, e noho ma luna o ka lāʻau kū o ka keʻena hoʻokolohua hoalawehana na ke kulanui. Kokeʻo ia i hoʻomaka e aʻo Landsberg. Ke kālaikūlohea, ma kona mau haʻi'ōlelo, oiai e hele ana ma ka hailonaʻana o nā loli i ua pau. Discoverer hiki e kekahi.

Manawa Landsberg nei ma ke kulanui 'epekema noiʻi, e hoomakaukau ana e loaa i ka inoa o ke Kumu i loko o ka lōʻihi makahiki. Keia ia i loaʻa ai ma hope o ka IkuwaʻOiʻenehana a me ke Kanawai War - i ka 1923.

E ao ana ma Moscow State University, alakai aku la oia a hiki i 1951 me kekahi mau haʻahaʻa.

He hana hoi ma ka Moscow Mechanical Institute, a me ka Moscow Institute o ke kālaikūlohea a me Technology.

puka Landsberg

Grigoriy Samuilovich Landsberg koe ma ka hoomanao i mamo kanaka noiʻi i loko o ke kula o optics a me spectroscopy. I ka 1926, oia ole kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi ka hoao ana i ka manawa - e hōʻike a scrutinize i ka hakakino hoopuehu ana o ka malamalama i loko o nā pōaka.

I ka 1928, Landsberg ua hana ia me kekahi o nā Mamua o ka aina Radio ke kālaikūlohea Leonid Mandelstam. Together ka mea, hōʻike i ka kŰia o Raman hoopuehu. Surprisingly, i ka laua i ka puka ana o ka mea ia e Indian physicists ma ka 'ē aʻe hopena o ke ao nei - C. V. Raman a me Krishnan. Sovietʻepekema kahu ai i ka experimentally hoao hoi i ka ike maopopo ana o ka hoopuehu ana o ka malamalama ma ka mehana acoustic nalu. Kēia e piʻi like uaʻano nui i loko o Landsberg ola. No laila, no ka mea, ia ia, mākou e kamaʻilio hou.

I ka 1931, physicist hōʻike i ka e wae hoopuehu ana o ka malamalama. Penei ka helu kuhi puke wahi lulu spectroscopy, kaumaha study o hakakino hana kūleʻa i loko o ke kinowai, kinoea, a puaʻa hiwa.

Awards a me ka waiwai pio:

I ka 1941, Landsberg loaa i ka lani kiekie loa ia nā kumu kāki o kona manawa - ka Stalin uku. Halau o Sciences o ka Soviet Union, no laila ia memo ka hooulu ana o kaʻimi naʻauao ano o Ka Ikepili o ka oka a pau a me nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Mea, ua ulu i mea hiki nui. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, he like me Ka Ikepili Ua pili no hoi i ke aloha nā mea huihuina a, oi importantly, e Hawaii wahie.

pâʻani 'o ia i wehe' Landsberg kūlana nui i loko o? acaeoey, a me koa lako a manawa o ke Kaua II. Nolaila, ia mea symbolic i 10 June 1945, koke ma hope o ka lanakila, Landsberg i i hookoia ka kiʻekiʻe loa ia nā kumu kāki o ka USSR - i ka Papa Naita o Lenin.

ma ke kālaikūlohea puke

Ike a me ka nui nā haumāna, i mea he physicist Grigory Landsberg. Elementary ke kālaikūlohea, paʻiʻia ma lalo o kona editorship, ua alakai aku la ia ia ka pomaikai mawaena oʻikena nā haumāna. E like me ka poe akamai, i ka maikaʻi o ka na papa ma luna o ke ao o ka haʻahaʻa ke kālaikūlohea. Landsberg puke loaa nui hiʻona a lilo OOAOAaXUEE ma hope o ke kakini makahiki. Ua ua olelo mai ia i kēia lā hiki ke loaʻa ma ka hale kūʻai 13th Edition. No laila, mahalo i ekolu puke o ke kālaikūlohea. Landsberg e hoʻokele i ole 'ōlelo e wehewehe i ka incredibly huikau mea. Keia kinematics,ʻano, statics, curvilinear noi, hydrostatics, hakakino ke kālaikūlohea, i ka waiwai o nā kinoea, ke kinowai, kinopaÿa, a me ka oi.

Hoikehonua, na kumu i keia la kuhikuhi mai i ka walaau ole pomaikai hookuu Landsberg. Elementary ke kālaikūlohea, i hōʻike manaʻo loaa ai mamao, mai ka physical wahi o ka hoomaopopo, e noonoo pono i aneane pau maoli ai 'ia keʻano o ka hanaʻana a me kaʻike manaʻo. Nā haumāna i mālama pono a me ka ho'āmana i 'ole ma a ka papa holoʻokoʻa ua hōʻike mai iā ia.

Landsberg kakau iho la oia i ka haʻahaʻa ke kālaikūlohea puke haʻawina a hiki i ka lehulehu hoolohe mai. I kēia lā, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ko lakou hoomakaukau ana no ka e komo aku ai i ka oaoieei-kula nui, a ma ka papa o ka specialization papa. A me ia mea i loaʻa no ke kula nā haumāna kiʻekiʻe lākou i heluʻia i loko o kūikawā papa a me nā kula me ka iiaie oaoieei kohoʻia. A no nā mea a pau i komo i loko o ka hoʻoponopono-hoʻonaʻauao 'ole e hoomakaukau ana e komo i ka luna hoʻonaʻauao kula. Kēia hōʻike aʻo i ua no na makahiki noʻonoʻo i ka mea maikaʻi wahi lulu puke haʻawina ma luna o ke kālaikūlohea, no laila, mau reissued no ka kela hanauna.

ʻepekema hana

Grigory Landsberg i kekahi makana nui i ka hooulu ana o Soviet 'epekema. He hoʻokumu i kekahi Komisina ma spectroscopy, i kona hope alai ae. Hope, ke Komisina i ke kino nei, ua nui ia i ua iho i loko o ka Institute o Spectroscopy o ka USSR Academy o Sciences. Ua hiki i ka makahiki 1968. I keia la, i ka Research Institute o ka Russian Academy o Sciences, ma muli i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Troitsk, Moscow māhele 'āina.

Landsberg ua aie me ke kula o'ātoma a me ka hakakino spectral Ka Ikepili, mai i a laila hele mai oi ma mua o ke kakini koʻikoʻi Soviet physicists e pili ana.

malamalama hoopuehu

Kona nui hana - i ka puka o ka kŰia ike like Raman hoopuehu, Landsberg, pu me Leonid Mandelstam i ke kanaka ma muli o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o ka Moscow State University. Ua uaʻaneʻi i hoomaka ae la lakou e hoʻokolohua, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka hoopuehu aku ana i ka malamalama i loko o nā pōaka i loko o ka lātoma. No ka mea, o keia, ua hiki ke kokoke hooiaio i ke kuhiakau i Mandelstam mua hahao aku wale nō i loko o kumumanaʻo ka mea.

Official kūkala o ka nui discoveries o ke kālaikūlohea ua i April 27, 1928 ma ka colloquium ma ka Moscow State University. Koke ia hope mai, pili paʻi puke i waho ma ka Soviet a me nā Kelemāniaʻepekema nā puke.

I ka Ia manawa, e like weheʻana i ka kekahi welau o ka honua, i loko o Inia, ka mea, ua Ua pili kēia accidental. Inā Sovietʻepekema i hoʻomāka ho okolohua ho'āʻo ana e hooiaio i kekahi kuhiakau, ka Indian physicist nana eiiiiiaiou o ka hoopuehu i ka lń i loko o ka ohu a me ke kinowai. Oia ho okolohua e waiho i loko o keʻena hoʻokolohua. Muli o kona kulana palaka ike Raman hoopuehu.

E like me ka mooolelo ma na diaries o ka noiʻi, no ka manawa mua, ka mea malama i kēia kŰia Commander, 28, e pili ana i ka pule ma hope o ka mea i malama Soviet physicists.

I loko nō o kēia, i ka 1930, ka Nobel Komite i hookoia kona makahiki makana no ke kālaikūlohea Chandrasekhar Venkata Ramana. Me ka hopuna'ōlelo "no kona hana ma ka hoopuehu aku ana i ka malamalama, a no ka loaʻa o ka hookoia", kapaʻia ma hope o ka nä känaka 'epekema. I ke ao nei hana, o ka oi aku ma ka aina e oaoieei-moʻokalaleo, keia kŰia no keia i ka inoa o ka "Raman kanawai".

"Palapala i ekolu haneri"

I ka 1955, Grigory Landsberg kakauinoa i ka ai-kapaia "palapala ekolu haneri." Kēia hū huli ana o ka pūʻulu nui o influential Sovietʻepekema hooku iho la ia i ka Presidium o ka CPSU Central Komite.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka palapala ka kākau ua he critique o Soviet kālaimeaola i loko o ka hapalua like 50-ies o XX kenekulia. Ka palapala Ua manaʻoi kuhikuhi aku i ka Soviet agronomist a me ka biologist Trofim Lysenko, kona hoʻokokoke mai a me ki ina hana like i kapaia kānalua o. I keia palapala i ka hoʻomaka o ka ai-kapaia "Lysenkoism" - he kai eʻe o kekahi hana ku ei ka USSRʻepekema, a geneticists hōʻole o aaiaoe? Like me ka 'epekema i nā mea a pau.

Ka hopena Ua lilo i ka pāpā ma aaiaoe noiʻi i loko o ka USSR, a ua hoʻokuʻu Lysenko mai o kona wahi i pelekikena o ka All-Union Halau o Mahiai Science kapaʻia ma hope o Lenin. Ma hope o ka hana 'ia, i auou caiaiai a me ka Soviet Academy o Sciences ka hooponopono ana.

Ma hope koke, Grigory Landsberg make. He make i loko o Pepeluali 1957. Famous physicist ua 67 makahiki.