Hana kanaka umauma. Kinona o ka pahu i loko o na keiki

Thorax - he maoli loko iwi, ke hoʻololi e hoʻopale ai i ka nui nā loko, mai poho, paopao koke mai oia a me nā palapū. Ma ka thoracic lua huna naau, maʻiʻaʻai, pulmonary arteries a me aa koko, thymus, bronchi, esophagus, ake. No ka mea, i pili i ka ÷ naehana hanu nāʻiʻo a me na nāʻiʻo o ke keenaʻaoʻao.

Ka 'ole o ke kanaka pahu

Ka iwiʻaoʻao nā hīnaʻi manu Ua hana o ka:

• 12 hui o arcuate kihi e pili ana me ka hope thoracic spine a me ka alo e pili ana me ka sternum Via costal cartilages.
• Breastbone - unpaired iwi me ka elongated shape. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka bulge ma ka muaʻili, a me ka hope concavity. Ua nā ekolu māhele: i ke kumu, kino, a me ka xiphoid.
• Nāʻiʻo.

Ke thorax Ua'ōlewa, 'o ia hoʻi, ka mea Hoʻonui i ka pono a me ka aelike i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka hanu.

Kind umauma

I ka nui a me ka kinona o ka thorax e ee iaaanu aey a i oko ma ke degere o? Acaeoey o na nāʻiʻo a me ia maʻiʻaʻai. A degere o? Acaeoey o ka la mahope, ua pili loa ua hoʻopili i kanaka haʻawina, kona hope a me ka hooiaio ana. Kinona o ka pahu mea maʻamau i ekolu hoailona ia mea:

• i lalo;
• paukūʻolokaʻa;
• conical.

Ka lalo kinona o ka pahu

Pinepine i loaʻa i loko o kanaka me ka nawaliwali nāʻiʻo a alakai i ka OE ola. He lōʻihi, a flattened ma ka anteroposterior anawaena, ka mua pā Ua kokoke vertical, clavicle maopopo kilakila, akea intercostal hakahaka.

Ke conical kinona o ka pahu

Kēia ka laula, a me ka pōkole kinona o ka umauma wehewehe aku e kanaka me ka maikaʻi-ulu pae o nāʻiʻo o ka'ūhā mua kaei. Kona haʻahaʻa loa lehulehu ma mua o ka luna. Ka hene o na iwi aoao a me ka intercostal hakahaka i uuku.

Ka paukūʻolokaʻa kinona o ka pahu

Keia ano o ka umauma maʻamau ia lŘlŘ ma pōkole kanaka. Ua ua hoʻokōʻia i ka ia a ka loa holoʻokoʻa. Ke papamoe hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ka iwi aoao wehewehe IAaOIePIUAa intercostal hakahaka. Brisket obtuse huina. People limahana ma ka haʻuki 'oihana' o, ia mea i kēiaʻano o ka umauma.

Makahiki a physiological ano

Hana kanaka umauma me ka nui loa hoʻololi me ka elemakule. Children keiki wehewehe aku ma ka pilikia a me ka truncated ano o ka truncated pyramid. He He He liilii'opihia laterally. Ke transverse Ana o ka emi anteroposterior. I ka ulu ana o ke keiki, o kona aʻo a noho i ke kolo, ke kūpono 'ana o ka musculoskeletal'ōnaehana a me ka ulu ana o wahi lulu kumu kokololio ulu o ka pahu. Kinona o ka pahu i loko o nā keiki i loko o ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola i hoʻopuʻupuʻu-hoʻokino. Ma 6-7 makahiki o ka makahiki ulu iki ka meheu o ia, mahuahua ka huina o inclination o na iwi aoao ma laila. o ke kula makahiki keiki i ka convex shape pahu ma mua o nā mākua, i ka inclination o ka iwi aoao i lalo. Pili i keia mea he pinepine a me ka pāpaʻu hanu pokii nā haumāna. Boys umauma hoʻomaka e mahuahua ikaika ma ka 12 kaikamahine - 11 makahiki. I ka wā o nā makahiki 18 au i loa awelika umauma Oihana.

Kinona o ka pahu i loko o nā keiki hilinaʻi nui ma ka hoʻokō ' a kino kulana iloko o ke awa. Helu ha awina a me ka pololei, hoʻokō, e kōkua e hoʻonui i ka buke a me ka pahu widths. Expiratory palapala e ia i ka hopena o ka nāwaliwali nāʻiʻo a me ka poe ilihune akemāmā ulu. Kūpono kanu, e hana ana ma ka lihi o ka papaʻaina, hiki alakai i ka loli ma ke kinona o ka pahu, a i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma ke ana a me ka functioning o ka naau, a me ia maʻiʻaʻai nui ipu koko.

Size ka ho'ēmiʻana, ua hakumakuma a me ka hoʻololi i ke kinona o ka pahu i loko o ka kūpuna ua pili me ka ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka elasticity o ka iwiʻaoʻao cartilage, pinepine maʻi o ka naehana'āpana a me ka kifoznym curvature.

Men ka thorax, a ma luna o ka wahine o ka iwiʻaoʻao i ka oi haʻi hoʻohei ma ke kihi wahi. Women i nui nō i hiloʻoni iho iwi aoao. Manawa a hiki i kēia, a me ka mea he nui i lalo ÿano, a me ka predominance o thoracic hanu. I na kanaka, i ka abdominalʻano o ka hanu, a ua pu ma ka pohupani hale o ka diaphragm.

Thorax a me kona neʻe

Anʻeleu kūlana ma ke kaʻina hana o ka inhalation a me ka exhalation ua hana i ka ÷ naehana hanu nāʻiʻo.
Ana ua hoʻololiʻia ma ka hoemi i ka puka, a mawaho intercostal nāʻiʻo i ka hookiekie ana o kona iwiʻaoʻao, iki Mamao aku ia ma ke kaʻawale, mahuahua i ka buke o ke thorax. Exhalation ea ua pu e hoʻomaha ana i ka ÷ naehana hanu nāʻiʻo, hookuu iho iwi aoao uplift o ka diaphragm Dome. Light ma ke kaʻina hana i ka OE papa, e hahai ana i ka neʻeʻana pa.

'ano o ka hanu

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka makahiki a me ka waiwai nui o ka pahu i ike okoa ia:

• Diaphragmatic hanu. No laila, ua ha na kamalii uuku ka poe e ole i ka maikai anuenue iwi, a me ka mea, i loko o ka papamoe kulana, ka intercostal nāʻiʻo i nawaliwali.
• Phrenic ka hanu me ka predominance o ka phrenic i loko o nā keiki i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, i ka wa a ka intercostal nāʻiʻo hoʻomaka e ulu ikaika, ka mea e hoohehee aeea hoʻomaka e haule iho la.
• Thoracicʻano o ka hanu hoʻomaka e predominate i na keiki mai ka 3 a hiki i 7 makahiki o ka makahiki, ka wā 'Imi ulu i ka'ūhā mua kaei.
• Ma hope o nā makahikiʻehiku, he mau hoohanau oko ao ma na ano o ka hanu. e lanakila Abdominal i keiki, umauma - kaikamahine.

Pathological ano o ka pahu

Pathology pinepine hoʻomaopopoʻoleʻia e nā mea maʻi. Ka mea hiki e congenital (i hāpai keiki pili me kaʻole iwi ulu) a loaa (kaʻilihune o nā palapū a me nā maʻi o na maʻiʻaʻai, iwi, spine). Deformation a me ka ei, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO hōʻike he mea ninaninau o ka pahu. I ka palapala a me kona loli, asymmetry, hoʻopōʻino hanu pāpana ae i ka hoao ana i Kauka, e haʻi i ka ka muaʻike. Kinona o ka pahu i ole ma lalo o ka aoao o pathological keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka thoracic lua nā loko, a curvature o ka spine. Pathological ano o ka pahu i e:

• Barela-hoʻokino. Kēia haiahū kūmau ua 'akomi i loko o kānaka i loko o ka mea akemāmā'aʻaʻa i ka māhuahua he lauwili anei, a laila, wāwahiʻia kona elasticity a me ka ikaika. Keia ua pu ma ka loa ka maʻiʻo o ka lewa i loko o nā alveoli. Barela hoʻokino umauma ua hoomaka transverse, a oi loa aku hoi anteroposterior anawaena, me ka papamoe iwiaoao ona, a ākea intercostal hakahaka.
• Lolo. Kēia umauma Ua like i lalo a me ka ololi. Haʻi collarbones a hoonohonoho asymmetrically. Kōmi 'maopopo lagging ma hope o ka iwiʻaoʻao nā hīnaʻi manu, i ka wahi o ko lākou mau pae likeʻole, a ma ka kaʻina o ka hanu nā mea hoʻoneʻe asynchronously. Location penei - nō naʻe o kōʻana. Lolo ano o ka pahu i loaʻa i loko o emaciated kanaka, kanaka me ka nāwaliwali Kumukanawai kūpono 'ana, me ka loa maʻi maʻi, e like me tuberculosis.
• Rachitic. Ia palapala ua i kapaia keeled a moa. Ua Ua wehewehe aku e ka nui mahuahua ma ka anterior-posterior nui ia mea heʻilihune o ka loaa ana i ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi rickets. Kileobraznaya palapala aicieeaao like me ka hopena o aaiaoe abnormalities i loko o ka ulu ana o ka skeletal nenoaiu. iwi bulging paha e nui paha,ʻaʻole. Oolea o ka maʻi pili i ka kiʻekiʻe symptoms e hana ma muli o ka mīkini'opihia o ka naau a me ka ia maʻiʻaʻai.

• Funnel. ua kēiaʻano o ka pathologies i hoike i loko o kekahi 'sticking o na cii kanaka o ka iwiʻaoʻao ona, cartilage, sternum. lua hohonu, hiki e mai i ka 8 knm, ke haʻi funnel deformation ua pu ma pohupani hale o ka naau, curvature o ka spine, na pilikia ma na maʻiʻaʻai, i ka loli o ka arterial a me venous puʻe. Ma na kamalii uuku, pathologyʻuʻuku kekahi 'wale ia malaila mea he hōʻemi iki sticking o ka hanu i loko o ka pahu. Ua lilo hou nō i like ko lakou ulu ana.
• Scaphoid. Ano no keia ano maʻi o ke alo o elongate recesses ma ka waena a me ka hoaka o māhele o ka sternum. E hoʻomōhala ana i loko o na keiki e loaa ana mai ka maʻi o ka'emi'ōnaehana, i interferes me ka Hawaii kuleana pili i a me ka pā lonoaʻili. Loa deformation ua pu ma ka pokole o ka hanu, ka luhi, me ka intolerance, pinepine palpitations.
• Kifoskolioticheskimi. Ua hoʻomōhala ai ma luna o ke kāʻei kua o ka spine maʻi, oia, thoracic, a o ka hopena o ka traumatic eha.

Evolution Ua hāʻawi 'ohana ka palekana o keʻano nui nā loko o ke kanaka kino o ka umauma. Ma ka thoracic lua nā loko i ke aupuni ', me ka i hiki ole ke ola ana no kekahi mau minuke. Hard iwi kino ole wale i malama, akā, kekahi mooolelo ia i loko o ka paʻa kulana, kaulike eii? Ana a me kā mākou kupono kūlana.