He aha ka Amber? Amber nuʻa

Amber - he kahiko kēpau a i undergone fossilization. ʻepekema, i ka makahiki o ka Amber - oi ma mua o 40 miliona makahiki. Kēia ke aloha wāwahie, a i loaa i ka pa apŘ ma lalo o ka aoao o ke? Aneie olelo, a huli i ka nani huali pohaku. He aha nō nā 'ano o ka Amber, mea pōhaku nuʻa a me nā waiwai e e kūkākūkā i ka pauku.

General physical ano

Amber pili i ke aloha nā minelala hao i ho okumu i nā pōaka. Nine haʻilula - C10H16O, oia hoi o succinicʻakika ua hookomoia ma ka nui o 3-8%. Ka pohaku o koʻu mau, mai ka honua aku, he mau (particles) o nā mea kolo a me nā mea kanu, i mea oi loa waiwai i loko o ka Jewelry oihana puolo.

Mea pōhaku wehewehe aku ma ka hahai ana ka waiwai:

• Ka paakiki i loko o 2-2.5-3.
• Mńliko - piha, meakino, nele o ka mäliko.
• Alohi - e like aniani.
• Lakou hoopuehu a me ka pleochroism ole ana.
• Luminescence - mai bluish-keʻokeʻo malu i ka uliuli-yellow.
• Ua hiki ke hoʻouila ma lalo o kū'ē.

Amber wailana i loko o kekahi hydrocarbons i loko o ka Nine Inch naoh.

mea pōhaku ano ma ke ano maoli

I ano, i ka wā e hiki mai Amber mea i loko o ka palapala o nāʻoihana a pau nui like 'ole i loko o kēia mau wahi:

• ma luna o kona kino, ma hope o pele o ke kēpau ma ka laau,
• ma lalo o wauke, ma ka puha a me nā cavities.

Near-ʻilikai hookuuia ana i loko o ka palapala o ke kulu-hoʻokino sinters a me nā papa interspersed me kaʻaʻai kahakai a me twigs, wauke, kumu.

Hookuuia mai vnutristvolnyh wahi hoolilo concave una me ka ololi lua penei.

Ma lalo o maoli rula, o ka mea pōhaku uhi pouli pńpa. Kona mānoanoa - mai 1 i 4 mm o. Me ka kāpili lapaʻau pinepine loaʻa hana hoihoi pohaku waihoʻoluʻu. Weathering pńpa i malama i ka mea pōhaku no ka makahiki.

Secondary ano hohono precipitates mea i hanaʻia i loko o ke kai a me ka muliwai wai, mauʻaʻei a me ka 'ā ina rula, i uuku Ana ma mua o ka puke Paipala.

Weight i loaʻa Amber liilii ia i ia, mai kekahi mau mahele o ka gram i umi kilograms a oi.

Ka nui loa i loko o Amber London ka Museum o History, kona kaumaha - 15 kg 250 nā huna.

pa apŘ

'Oihana a me ka mea pōhaku enthusiasts pinepine hoihoi i loko o ka nīnau, i mea no ka paʻapū i loko o Amber. Ma keia waiwai e e elaborate.

Mea pōhaku Amber, nona ka pa apŘ o 0.97-1.10, pili i ka characterization o keia kai. Ie kai wai i ka ia nuʻa. No laila, i loko o ke kai, o ka pohaku POP i, a me ka wai - ma ke kue. Ia mea ke kumu o ka mea pōhaku mea ai i ka pilina paʻa, a aole i hamo aku ia no miliona o ka makahiki.

Ma ke kai o ka Amber'āpana poʻohiwi lana o ka 'elele i luna. Ma ua hoʻololiʻia Amber nuʻa mea ma ka laulā o ka 1 a hiki i 1,18 g. / Cm³. Ua Ua ana ma kēia ipu kālā i loko o ka wai a kaumaha. Ma ka Lviv māhele o Amber, i mea o ka lani kiekie loa nuʻa. He 1,14. I ka Carpathians a me ka malina Amber nuʻa mea nui emi. Hoʻomalu ka mea, ua nānā 'ia ma ka laulā o 1,04-1,1 g. / Knm ^3.

He aha ka i ka pa apŘ o Amber i hoololi kope? Kēia aiao Mapa nā minelala hao nui kiʻekiʻe. He 1,08 g. / Cm³. 'Ana mai o ka mea eleele pńpa o weathering i ka pa apŘ o 116 g. / Cm³. I ka lani kiekie loa nuʻa o ka Amber ma g. / Cm3 Mapa specimens makamake nui i loko o ka pōhaku o Ciscarpathia, ka mea, ua like pu ia 1,15-1,22.

He aha e hoʻoholo i kēia nui? Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka pa apŘ pohaku ua pololei e pili ana i ke alo o nā impurities i loko o laila. Kēia hiki e hao, naikokene, luaipele, Aluminum. Ma nā pōhaku me ka hao impurities i ka lani kiekie loa nuʻa o Amber, ma kg / m3 ia mea 1220. naʻe, i loko o nā hihia, ia ma ka mea ku pono launa. I ka i ana ka nuʻa i loko o Amber i loko o ka wahi o Lvov poe akamai, ka mea i kākau ke alo kulana. Mai kēia mau 'ikepili, ua hele mai kānakaʻepekema i ka hopena i ka mea pōhaku nuʻa me ka nānā' ana i ka haku mele 'ana o ke kēpau, mai i ka pohaku i hana.

Penei, o ka awelika nuʻa o Amber - 1100 kg / m³, keia mea no ka nui ia e physicists a me chemists i loko o kā lākou mau ho.

Other physical waiwai

Ke kukui lapalapa mea hiki e maule i ka mea pōhaku, a ma ka wela o 250-300 ° C ka mea, hoʻomaka e paila. I ka hahana pohaku hoʻomaka e smolder, aa ana i ke ala, mai ke kēpau, a. Ua mea ma luna o kēia kumu hoomaopopo pono, maiʻimi hoʻopunipuni mea pōhaku.

Ma ka Middle Ages hoʻohana i ka mea pōhaku waiwai hoolaha kupaianaha resinous ala ka wā pii kai iki ana, a me ka mea, fumigated i ka lumi.

O ka Amber aila ua loaa, a me kaʻakika rosin.

I ka hiki ana o ka mea pōhaku e e hoʻouila e kū'ē, a laila, hoʻi ia mea, e likeʻole o Laielohelohe ke olonā i (particles). Ka waiwai i mua loaa e ka mea kahiko Helene haumāna Thales. Ma hope, loaa ia hunaahi o ka uliuli Amber i kū'ē o ka hulu hipa, mea pōhaku i kapa huina'ine.

Stone, ua maikaʻi uila'īpale.

waiho

Ka nui loa Amber hoʻokomo kālā i Palmnikenskoe ma ka Kaliningrad māhele 'āina. Here i loko o ka lepo e nui hoʻokomo kālā o ka mea pōhaku. Poe akamai i manaoio i ka 90% o ka honua me ke koe i kia ma ka pohaku o ka wahi, ka makahiki oi ma mua o 50 miliona makahiki.

Palmnikenskogo Eia kekahi, i loko o ka Kaliningrad māhele 'āina i mau'ē aʻe Amber wahi: Kalihikai a me kahakai. mea pōhaku pōʻalo ua lawelawe 'ia ma ka' oihana ma ka uhaʻiʻana a me ka wai jets ka'aʻaiawāʻana o ka lepo kanu'ōiwi.

Ma awelika, o kela mea keia cubic mika o ka aina, he 500-600 nā huna o ka mea pōhaku, akā, ma laila nō kekahi wahi me ka 4.5 kg / m³. Ka makahiki? Iecaianoaaiiuo ka leo o ka mea pōhaku mea 300-350 nā kana.

Small hoʻokomo kālā i loaʻa i loko o ka United States, Canada, Mexico, Romania, Germany, Dominican Repubalika, Ukraine.

? ueo

Ma ke ano maoli, ua nuiʻano likeʻole o kēia pōhaku mea kupaianaha, i ko lakou helu aku i 200. ka loa, he pono ole.

1. Succinite - ka loa kaulana o na ano a pau. Ua loaʻa he nui nui o succinicʻakika. Succinite kala like 'ole - keʻokeʻo, he lenalena,ʻalani, ulaula.
2. Gless -ʻeleʻele pohaku, i mea ole mäliko.
3. Gedanit - Yellow mea pōhaku me succinicʻakika i loko o kona haku mele 'ana, he kiʻekiʻe brittleness, no ka mea liʻiliʻi loa dala o ka oxygen.
4. Stantienit - muddyʻeleʻele-eleele mea pōhaku e loaʻa kiʻekiʻe brittleness.
5. Bokkerit - he kukui-pilipaa eleele mea pōhaku.
6. Kistsellit - yellow a me ka oliva Amber.
7. Shraufit - ulaula paha melemele-ʻulaʻula mea pōhaku.
8. Blue Amber - ka rarest? Ueony, 'ia i loko o ka Lepupalika Dominican. He nui ikaika, ka mea glows i loko o ka pouli. Ka uliuli kala like 'ole o kēia mea pōhaku loaa mai na impurities o ka lehu.
9. Green Amber - i ke kope o ka mahinaʻai Dominican. Oia mea pōhaku ke kala huli ma muli o ke kalapona inclusions.

Kala like 'ole a me ka mäliko

Amber waihoʻoluʻu koho waihoʻoluʻu ka loa ka laulā - mai ka elepani iʻeleʻele. ʻO i kekahi'āpana o ka mea pōhaku ke hui pu iho la kekahi mau degere o ka mäliko. Nā pōhaku o ka loli iki ana degere o ka mäliko e māheleʻia i loko o:

• ao;
• translucent;
• iwi;
• frothy.

I loko nō o ka 'ano o ka Amber i kaʻoi loa mahana ka meli a me ka melemele Hue. Ma pohihihi keia hihia paa uliuli kala like 'ole - o ka lani ka malamalama, e cornflower uliuli.

He aha e hoʻoholo i ke kumukuai o ka mea pōhaku?

Price hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea pōhaku apana nui a me kona waihoʻoluʻu.

Ua Ua lōʻihi ua noʻonoʻo i ka loa waiwai ano o keʻokeʻo Amber. Kilo'ōlelo aku nei au i loko o ia mau manawa o ka mea uuku impurities, a me ka waiwai ka hoola ana o ka poʻokela.

Na Pākē a Japanese mahalo i keʻano o ke kamako iki kala like 'ole, i kapaia "deragona ka koko". Mau pöhaku no i lala o ka rula ana ohana.

Emperor Rima Neron he makemake ko mokulele hēkī.

Ma Sicily, nō ka clearest Amber lapalapa ahi-nā pōpō.

Ka loa pipiʻi type, noonoo iho infinity, a me ka mea pōhaku (particles) interspersed me nā mea kolo, na holoholona, a me na mea e ae, ua ikeia Amber, i loko i ua iloko o ka moo. Oia ka manawa i loaʻa na umi o na tausani o ke dala. Akā, ua examples mea pohihihi keia.

Ma ka mōʻaukala o ka i komo aiʻulaʻula Amber, hope, hoomaka ae la e ka makemake o ke gula.

I ka hikina'āina, ka oi aku waiwai nō ka keʻokeʻo mea pōhaku ioeo e hooili ae i kale ikaika hoola mana.

Kēia manawa, e like ai ua manaoia e e yellow mea pōhaku me kaʻaʻahu waihoʻoluʻu.

lāʻau lapaʻau waiwai

Mai ka wā kahiko, i ka pohaku appropriated lāʻau lapaʻau waiwai. He mea pono i ka hapa o ka succinicʻakika a mea he Bio-stimulator.

Ka mea pōhaku Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ia mau maʻi:

• nui kaniai;
• thyroid;
• pepeiao maʻi;
• asthma ho'āhewa wale;
• arthritis.

I keia la, i ka mea pōhaku ua i hoʻohana:

• e hoʻopau eha ma ke poo;
• ma ka iapaau ana o ka angina;
• eha ma na ami;
• e hoʻoikaika pūnao;
• hooulu ana i na e hoʻonele;
• normalization o na naau oʻu ho'āʻo;
• hoʻopau o ka hoʻoʻino keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Ua Ua manaoio ia Amber pono kekahiʻeho.

Ma kekahi papa hana lapaau hoʻohana Amber mea mai ka pohaku? Inoaia e pākuʻi i ka lapaʻauʻia.

Healers manaʻo i ka mea pōhaku i ka maikaʻi ia ma luna o ka kanaka kino a me ka hiki ke kōkua mai i kekahi maʻi.

palapala noi

Mea pōhaku 'Imi hoʻohana' ia no ka ho okumu ana i Jewelry. Succinicʻakika ua loaʻa i loko o kekahi lapaʻauʻia, a ua hoʻohana pū 'ua i loko o ka mahiʻai hana e hoala mai i ka nui o ka productivity. Chemists hoʻohana Amber no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o enamels a me ka pena. Lacquered Amber uhi apana o kaʻoihana, pilina, ipu, no ka science. Me ka maikai hō'īpale ka waiwai, Amber insulator protrudes ma ka oaoieei-kula.