He aha ka potasiuma huina'ine hoʻonohonohoʻia

Pehea ke ano o ka lolouila hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka potasiuma? I mea e pane i kēia nīnau, noonoo i ka 'ole o ka'Ātoma, a me ka huina'ine haawi aku rula ma luna o ka' ilikai ai a me sublevels.

quantum mechanics

Electronic potasiuma hoʻonohonohoʻia ho'ākāka 'ia ma Schrödinger helu kaulike. Ua hoʻohuiʻia ka ikehu Loaʻaʻia o AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka nucleus, a me nā electrons, a me ka nui o ka repulsion ma waena o (particles) me ka hookahi malama. Quantum mechanics hoʻohana i kēia helu kaulike postulates wehewehe i ke alo o kela a me keia o ka ikehu pae mai ka ikehu no?.

nui-huina'ine nā'ātoma

Electronic potasiuma hoʻonohonohoʻia ua palapala me ka Pauli loa rula. Ua haawiia i ke 'ano o ka' ano nalu o electrons, ka mea, ua hilahila i kēlā io huna ua aia ma luna o ka "orbital", a laila ka mea, ua i kekahi māhele'āina. Me ka pili ana i ka nunui-huina'ine nā'ātoma, i nā potasiuma, ma kēlā orbital hiki ole e ke aupuni 'oi ma mua o nā electrons. E like me ka hopena ia i ua anao? Aou eha quantum helu characterizing i ka moku'āina o ka huina'ine i loko o ka noʻonoʻo manawa wā mawaena.

Aufbau rula

Electronic potasiuma hoʻonohonohoʻia ua i ma luna o ka muli o na rula loko Klechkovskaya. E hoi kakou i ka mea i loko o oi au mamuli. Ke kaumaha ma muli mea orbital electrons i ka hooponopono ia, ka mea, i ka kekahi hookoe o ka ikehu. Mua ka mea, i ka puunaue ana o (particles) me ka uuku mana lako hou.

E like me ka iniiaiie huina'ine ka ikehu ano no ka lawelawe 'ana i ke poʻo kumu a mea quantum helu, e like me ka wā helu.

Ka nui-huina'ine'Ātoma attraction ia lŘlŘ ole wale no ka Kora naʻEsau electrons, akā, i ka repulsion ma waena o lākou. E emi ai ka ikaika o ka huina'ine iwi mahuahua ka huina milo (particles), maoli i ka helu ana o electrons nei ke ao hookahi kohoʻia o ko lākou mau minute ana. Oia kaukaʻi ma quantum kemika ua kapaia Hund ka noho alii ana.

Ma ke kumu o kēia mau rula mau i hoohuiia lolouila hoʻonohonohoʻia a me potasiuma'Ātoma. 'ātoma spectra e ka mea hiki e hooholo i ka lepo, moku'āina o na electrons,ʻo ia hoʻi, e hōʻike i ka poe (particles) e i ka palena haʻahaʻa ikehu me ke koe.

Ke ae pā o ke kūkulu lolouila haʻilula no ka nunui-huina'ine'Ātoma o ka potasiuma Ua puni hoʻi: ka lolouila'ōnaehana pono i ka palena iki ikehu hoʻopili like i ka Pauli loa rula.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka huina'ine puʻunaue o ka ikehu pae

Ma mua o ka noonoo i ka mea a ka huina'ine hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka potasiuma ion mea he mea hoʻohālike. Ka hydrogen'Ātoma o ka Kora naʻEsau maupaʻa kekahi maikaʻi proton. A puni ka kāna mau 'ōlelo ua ke ka ao ma kekahi huina'ine ka Astronomical. Ka honua moku'āina o ka hydrogen haʻilula mea like penei: 1s. E noonoo i nā hiʻona o ke kohoʻia o ka milo o keia huina'ine. E like me ka Hund ka rula, ia mea codirectional me ka nukelea milo.

No ka helium me ka lua o ke kaʻina, helu i loko o ka papaʻaina hehee wale ma kekahi mau huina'ine orbitals nā leo. Kēlā me kēia no ia mai he milo ½, ka mea i he okoa olelo o ke kuapo.

Ma oihana mua o ka lua o ka ikehu pae i Konakele. Mau pūpū, kēlā i kona mau waiho waho ikehu.

Potasiuma o ka hehee ai o ka ha o ka wā, oihana mua o ka'ōnaehana, no laila ka mea, ua eha pae lolouila, kela mea keia mea o ka iloko ona i kakauiaʻano o sublevels.

Ma ka maʻamau moku'āina o ka mekala 'åkilikai metala'Ātoma i ka kēia hoʻonohonohoʻia: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1.

Electronic potasiuma ion hoʻonohonohoʻia mea okoa mai ka'Ātoma. Ma ka pā ikehu kiʻekiʻe o ka metala o kekahi valence huina'ine. Mai potasiuma ho'āʻoʻia hoemi waiwai, oiai ke hana kūleʻa me nā nā'ātoma, e hoouna e he valence huina'ine ua hoohuliia i ka maikaʻi ion (cation) me ka i kēia lolouila hoʻonohonohoʻia: 1s22s22p63s23p64s0.

ka hopena

No kēlā me kēia Nine Inch hehee ai, ua aia i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina ke hana lolouila kŰia ke kau, i mākaukau Hund ka rula, o ka Pauli loa rula, a me Klechkovskii kuleana. Ma waho aʻeo ia lolouila kŰia ke kau ana o na nā'ātoma i loko o ka'okanikaʻole kemika a hoolilo haʻilula cations a me anions mai ana Nine Inch hana kūleʻa.