He lā'au kahiko ke kumulā'au o ka honua

'O kēia ulu nani, he mea kānalua, he nani ia o ko mākou honua. Chestnut laau no i ka ohana o ka beech. Ua mana'o nā kānaka'epekema e ola ana i ka wā Tertiary. I ka hala, kona hoi o ka makana āpana uaʻoi aʻe ka nui ma mua o ka mea i keia la: ia i kupu ae la ia ma Asia Minor, ma Sakhalin, a ma ka Caucasus, ma Greenland a me North America, ma na kahakai o ke Kaiwaenahonua. Ua'ike'ia ka homenut'a'ole'o Asia Minor a me ka Caucasus.

Kaha ka nani

'O ka lā'au'ilian hou ua kokoke i 2 mau mika ke anawaena, a pi'i ke ki'eki'e i 35 mau mika. Aia nā kumu kū'ē, e like me kā Sicily i ulu ai i "Chestan haneri ho'oholo lio" o nā nui nui,'o ke anawaena he 20 mau mika. 'O ka nui o nā lau o ka lā'au - he 25 knm ka lō'ihi,'o ka laulā o ka pā'ani he 8 knm. 'O ke'ano o nā lau e like me nā kau. I ka'ōpiopio, he'ele'ele-ulaula, huli lākou i ka'ōma'oma'o i ke kauwela, a he'ano mele gula i ka'au. Ma nā mākua, i ka lei o ka laau hoʻomaka me ke kiekie o ma ka liʻiliʻi 7 mika, ka haʻahaʻa lala e haule iho la. Ma hope o ka lau'ana o ka lau, ho'omaka koke ka mea kanu.

'O nā hua - ka waiwai nui

Ua'ike nā kānaka i ka wā kahiko i ka hiki'ana ke ho'ohana'ia ka lā'au o ka umauma no ko lākou mau kumu pono'ī. 'O kāna mau hua ma kekahi mau māhele o ka honua kahi hiki'ole ke ulu i ka'ai ke kumu nui o ka'ai a nā kānaka. 'O ka palaoa i loa'a mai i ka hua ma ka'ike'ia Nānā nā mea kanu i ka palaoa, a me ka hui'ana iā lākou, hiki ke ho'onui i ka'ai a me ka maika'i o ka berena. Ua ho'ohana pū'ia nā mea'ai no ka'ai - ua kāpena'ia, pa'i'ia, malo'o.

I ka hana a ke kanaka

'O ka lā'au o ka pulu Ho'ohana nui'ia i kēia lā. 'A'ole ho'ohana'ia kāna hua ma ka'oihana mea'ai wale nō, akā, i nā lā'au lapa'au ho'i, a'o ka lā'au he mea hana nani. 'O Kikene he lā'au meli maika'i loa, hiki i kahi lā'au makua ke hā'awi aku i 20 kilokani o ka meli. Ke ho'ohana'ia nei ka lā'au i ke kūkulu'ana, a loa'a nā lau'ele'ele mai ka'ōpala a me nā lau. Akā,'o ka waiwai nui o ka laukole ka hua. 'O ka hana'ana o ka huapalapala honua i nā makahiki he 1.5 miliona.

'O ka hoahānau pili loa

Mainua pono haawiia keia chestnut a hanohano paha wale ʻala chestnut (Castanea sativa). Akā he pilina kona i kaulana He'u'uku loa i kona kaikaina, akā ua'ike nui'ia ma Rusia. He mea ma'amau kēia'elikena, ma ko mākou'āina i kapa'ia he lio. Ma kēia mau'ano'elua wale nō nā'ano hua like, a'ano like'ole nā lau a me nā pua. No nā'ohana like'ole lākou. 'O ka makana e pili ana i ka beech, a me ka lio i ka lio.

He mea hele i ka huaka'i hele mai nā Balkans mai

More nei, lio chestnut ua kākaʻikahi ia e loaʻa i loko o Central Rusia. A'oiai'o ke kūlanakauhale'o Kiev i kahiko'ia me kēia mau lā'au nani, aia ma ke kūkulu'ākau o ke kaona'o'Iinalaina, ua mana'o'ia'o ia he mea ho'ohiwahiwa wela. I kēia lā, ua'ike'ia'o ka pulina, ka mea kanu i kahi mea ma'amau i ko mākou'āina, nona iho ma nā kūlanakauhale'o Rusia. A he kakaikahi wale nō ka ho'omana'o o kona hale maoli'o ia ka nahele o nā Pōkī Balkan. I ka Europa, ua lō'ihi ka manawa i mahalo'ia ai ka hale kulu he lā'au kūikawā, hiki ke ho'olālā i nā papa. Ua hā'awi'ia'o ia i kahi nani kūikawā e kahi mea'ono, kahi ke'oke'o ke'oke'o, a me nā lau'ehiku lau.