Hōʻuluʻulu expressionism

Hōʻuluʻulu Expressionism i waho ma New York ma 1940-1950-ies a koke lilo kekahi o ka loa a me ka mana influential ana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o kēia nō. Building ma ka piʻi like o ka Europa avant-garde oe, he pae o Artists ike ia "Hōʻuluʻulu expressionists" ( 'ole "New York School"), ua ulu ka hou abstraction i ua poe noonoo ole a me ka eiiieaena.

Mawaena o na Artists ka poe i huiiaʻi me ka neʻe, Willem de Ka Kooning, Dzhekson Pollak, Barnett Newman, ka hōʻeleʻele nō, Frants Klayn, Lee Krasner, Robert Motherwell, William Baziotis, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, Richard Pousette-i nā ihe. Oiai kekahi o na ki na kii o Hōʻuluʻulu Expressionism he nā meaʻeʻe moku, a me Mark Rothko, nā hōkū Gofman, Arshile Gorky, ka mea, ua ka mua loa American neʻeʻana i loko o ke akamai. lilo New York ka hou kapikala o noʻeau HOU no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, "lawe aku" ma ka Paris Hoikehonua, Artʻaʻahu o ka alihi kaua. In New York,ʻo ia i hana i ka pilikia makapō 'ōlelo, a ua loa koke i ka loa loihi kihi o ka Honua.

Ka inoa "Hōʻuluʻulu expressionism" loaa mai o ka hoʻohui pū 'ia o ka' ehaʻeha o pinepine 'ano German Expressionist me "antiobraznymi" theories Europa Hōʻuluʻulu kula (futurism syncretic Cubist).

Eia hou, ka mea, ua ho'ākāka 'ia me he anarchic, loa kūikawā, e like me kekahi mau ano o ka nihilism neʻe. Ma ka hana pono, pili i ka manawa a hiki i kekahi helu o Artists hana i loko o New York ma ka loa okoa styles, aole kekahi o ka a, i oleʻaoʻao,ʻaʻole e hiki i ho'ākāka 'ia me ka panina a Hōʻuluʻulu expressionism.

Pena o kēia mau Artists, e ho okumu i increasingly nui-unahiʻole, i hana i kekahi mea, e hana ana me ka nui maliu Kuikahi ma ke akamai a me ka thematically. He He manaʻo o ko lākou kanaka subconscious, no laila, e ho'āʻo e loaʻa i ka paʻa na kumu. Spontaneity a me improvisation poe i ka loa nui aʻe i loko o ka makakū kaʻina. Oiai na hana o Hōʻuluʻulu expressionists "ke ku imua o" kekahi stylistic Mea Maluna, ka mea hiki ke Hoʻohui 'a puni ka papa kuhikuhi' ia nā koho elua: pulakaumaka ma ka hōʻeuʻeu a me ka hana mikiʻala lima kolohe 'ana; noonoo ana,ʻeleu noonoo ana i na mau mea ma waho o ke ano. Ma kekahi hihia, ke kiʻi, mua o nā mea a pau, he abstraction. ʻO ka wā i ke kiʻi me ka nānā 'ana i ka pilikia makapō ike maopopo, Hōʻuluʻulu expressionist he makemake ko hana, "nalowale i loko o ka manaʻo".

Hōʻuluʻulu Expressionism hoʻomohala i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o keʻano o ka overlapping kekahi i kekahi kumu. Ua nui Artists Ua i kā lākou mau mua a me ke kapuai ma ke kakahiaka nui 1930s. The Great kaumaha hauma¯na ka muli o nā hana noʻeau neʻe: Ridzhionalizm a me Sotsiorealizm. Akā, i kekahi o ia ua i māʻona i kēia mau Artists i loko o kā lākou huli no noʻeau ka maʻiʻo me ka waiwai ikaika, paipai i ka manaʻo o ka lawelawe kuleana, akā, i ka mea ia manawa noa mai provincialism a me ka oāwa kālai'āina overtones. 'O kēia kekahi o nā mea he nui paradoxes o ka neʻeʻana, kona aʻa moe i loko o ka figurative pena o na 1930s. Kokoke i "pepehi" a pau ka Hōʻuluʻulu Expressionists ma luna o ka hana o ke kaumaha nui, kā lākou nōʻoihana kaua ma lalo o ke keiki Ridzhionalizma a me Sotsiorealizma. Kekahi wālua i ke ala no ka loa holomua Amelika nō 'ole a me ka kaʻaluna o Europa modernism. Ma kēlā mau makahiki ma New York, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia nā hōʻike he nui o Europa avant-garde oe, ma ka hou, aole i nooaai papa modernism. Ke kumu loa influential o Contemporary nō i loko o ka United States lilo na nā hōkū Gofman, ka mea i neʻe mai Kelemania, a hiki i ka Amerika Huipuia paʻa i ka 1932.

Ka ulia o ka First World Kaua a me kona hopena i kī i hoʻomaopopo i ka pilikia o kaʻike hoʻokumu Hōʻuluʻulu expressionists. Young Artists, e pili ana e pili ana i kaʻaoʻao pouli o ka manaʻo kanaka, hakanü ihola ike illogical hana a me ka hoʻonawaiwali ana o kanaka, noonoo iho la ia i ko lakou pono i ka hoike i kēia mau pilikia i loko o ke akamai, akā, ma ka hou kona maʻiʻo.

ua māhuahua Direct hui 'ana me kaʻEulopa Artists iloko o ka Apana World War, a alakai aku na mea he nui, a me Salvador Dali, Maksa Ernsta, Andre Masson, Andre Breton, Piet Mondrian, Fernand Léger, imi puʻuhonua i loko o ka United States. Surrealists, a me kā lākou kākauʻana ma luna o ka 'ike o "subconscious", wehe i hou nā papaha. A surrealistic hana, e kuu ana i "manao" - psychic automatism, ma a ka 'akomi lima kolohe' ana a me ka improvisation loaa kuokoa o ka hana.

Initially, ka Hōʻuluʻulu Expressionists ma ka huli ana i timeless Halaman a me ka hana keaka huli no ka ulu ana i na kaʻao a me archaic nō. Mark Rothko, Dzhekson Pollak, Robert Motherwell, Adolf Gotlib, Barnett Newman, William Baziotis makemake o ko lākou mauʻano o ka 'aoʻao o imi ulu i loko o kahiko a me primitive hana' ike loea. I na hana ma Artists hōʻike pictorial a biomorphic oihana mua i hoohuliia mai i loko o kanaka nā loina. Jung ua intriguing a me kaʻike manaʻo, a me kona mai nei o ka "like unconscious." Direct 'aoʻao o ua o nui nui, a me ka mea, ua maikaʻi loa o kā me ka manao (hoʻolālā).

Ma ke kahua o ka oo Hōʻuluʻulu expressionism, i ka makahiki 1947,, Dzhekson Pollok i hana i nā hana 'ana i kūpono - dripping ole splashing (he nunui canvas, kau iho ma luna o ka papahele,ʻo ia a pakī mai HW me ka palaki).

Willem de Ka Kooning i aʻoʻia i kona iho 'ana i kūpono gestural kaila - ukiuki, pasty "hahau ana-hahau ana" ma ka hanaiia'na mai o laila-kapaia "figurative abstraction."

Lee Krasner, a me Frants Klayn, ua like ia i'ō i me ka hoʻolālā o ka hōʻeuʻeu lima kolohe 'ana o ke akamai, ma ka a kela a me keia apana o ke kiʻi i piha (Lee Krasner kapa kaila "hieroglyphic" pena).

No ka hana ana o Hōʻuluʻulu expressionists waiwai moe i loko o ka nanea ana o ka hōʻike. Pena o ka puka ana o ka wahine paha, oiaio o ka artist. A lima kolohe 'ana a me ka "inoa" o ka artist - hoike o ka hanaia'na kaʻina.

ʻO kekahi ala i loko o ke au o oo Hōʻuluʻulu expressionism ua ma ka huli ana i ka expressive nā papaha o ke ano. Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman i hana i ke akamai nui waihona waihoʻoluʻu Kekoa - "ka poe noonoo ole hōʻike o ka luna 'manao," e like me Mark Rothko.

Imperishable hoihoi i loko o Hōʻuluʻulu expressionism Hōʻike 'o ka hoʻolaʻaʻana i kona nā loea e pāʻani aku me ki' imi naʻauao paialewa o kona manawa, me existentialism a me Jungianʻike manaʻo (ia mea kumukuai a hoʻomanaʻo aʻela lākou, a i i nui i ole ma expressionism ma kuhikuhipuʻuone i loko o kona uuku). ʻOiai existentialism i he kuleana ole ma o ka Hōʻuluʻulu Expressionists, akā,ʻo ia ka pilina i ka rhetoric o ka iini a me ka mokuāhana ma permeates hulina kūkākūkā.

No ka mea, he nui kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ke akamai moʻolelo pomaikai Hōʻuluʻulu expressionists poe i ka apogee o ka modernist neʻeʻana, hoomaka aneane he kenekulia mamua.

Hōʻuluʻulu expressionism mau i ka noho ma ka koʻikoʻi wahi,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka moʻolelo buke o ke akamai a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha i hoiliili ole, akā, i loko o ka lehulehu ike paka i. Oia ka lōʻihi hoopii ia, i lana ai, o ke kauoha i ka hohonu e piʻi like.