Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Rotehama 2. Rotehama II: Kawaihae, kālai'āina

2 Nikolai Alexandrovich (May 6, 1868 - July 17, 1918) - ka hope Lūkini Auguseto, ka mea i alii iho la oia mai ka 1894 a hiki i 1917, i ka makahiapo a Alexander 3, a me Maria Feodorovna, ua he honorary lâlâ o ka St. Petersburg Academy o Sciences. I epithet ka Soviet historiographical moolelo hoi ka mea i haawiia ia ia, "Hekikai no." Life 2 Rotehama a me kona noho aliʻi i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kēia' atikala.

Pōkole noho alii ana o Rotehama 2

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Rotehama 2 uaʻeleu papa hana o Rusia. Ma ka Ia mō'ī aina ia nalowale i loko o ke kaua Lūkini-Japanese o 1904-1905., Oia kekahi o nā kumu o nā hanana hoʻokahuli aupuni o 1905-1907., I like ka hookamaia o ka Manifesto o Okatoba 17, 1905, e like me i ka mea i 'ae' ia i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o nā 'aoʻao pili aupuni, e like me hana State Duma. Ma ka ia manifesto i ee agrarian mihi Stolypin. I ka 1907, Rusia lilo i lâlâ o ka Entente a me kona 'ole ua komo i loko o ka First World War. Ma 'Aukake 1915, Nikolai Romanov 2 i ka Kiekie luna koa. Iloko o ka FebruaryʻOiʻenehana o March 2, 1917 i ka Auguseto abdicated. He, a me kona ohana a pau i hana. Russian Orthodox Church canonized ia i ka 2000.

Noho 'ana kamaliʻi, i kakahiaka nui makahiki

A lohe o Nikolai Alexandrovich ua 8 makahiki, hoomaka ae la kona hoʻonaʻauao ma ka home. Ka polokalamu komo mau papa hoʻonaʻauao me ka loihi makahikiʻewalu. A laila, - i ka papa o Higher Sciences no elima makahiki. Ke kumu o ka? Ia? Aiiu kau i ka panina kula. Akā, kahi o Helene a me Roma wā e hiki mai ke alii E ke Kumu botany, mineralogy,'anatomia, zoology a me ka physiology. Pae holomua Lālā paʻa papa ua Lūkini moʻokalaleo, mōʻaukala a me ka'ōlelo'ē. Eia hou, o ka mea kiekie oia ka hoʻonaʻauao polokalamu komo i ke ao o ke kānāwai, a me ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai koa hana (kūkulu' ia, kānāwai, hana o ka General Staff, Tilly). Nikolai 2 Ua i komo i loko o kēlā kumu, vaulting, mele, pena. 3 Alexander a me kana wahine Maria Fedorovna lakou wae no ka wā e hiki mai ke alii o mentors a me na kumu. Me lakou pu o na koa a me nā kānaka, nä känaka 'epekema: N. H. Bunge, K. P. Pobedonostsev, NN Obruchev, MI Dragomirov, N. K. Girs,'Ara Drenteln.

koke 'oihana

Mai kamaliʻi, i ka wā e hiki mai Emperor Rotehama 2 ua hoihoi i loko o koa noho ana: ia wahi aku me ka ike i ka oihana koa rula a me ka moolelo o na ilamuku a me nā koa, i ole pakele hoʻomaopopo ia lakou iho i ko lakou mentor haipule, oluolu e lawe aku i kahi i hoʻomoana aiʻoihana kaʻa a me nā uku hana a he leo o ka poe koa ola.

Koke ma hope o ka hānauʻana, i ka wā e hiki mai mō'ī kākau i loko o kekahi mau o na kiai regiments, a ua i luna o ka 65th Infantry Regiment o Moscow. I ka makahiki o ka elima makahiki, ma Rotehama 2 (i ka lā o ka papa - 1894-1917 makahiki.) Ua hoonohoia luna o ka Life kiai Reserve Regiment, a me ka hope, i ka 1875, o ka Erivan Regiment. Ka mua koa kiʻekiʻe (lutanela), i ka wā e hiki mai ia Auguseto ua ma December 1875, a ma ka 1880 i hanaʻo ia i ka lua o ka lutanela, a me ka eha makahiki ma hope - i ka lutanela.

No ka hana koa hana, Nikolai 2 hiki i ka 1884, a mahope mai o Iulai 1887 ia i malamaia ma ka Preobrazhensky regiment , a hiki i ke ano o ka luna. He lilo ia i luna i ka 1891, a me ka makahiki ma hope - he colonel.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka noho alii ana o

He make ma hope o ka lōʻihi maʻi, Alexander 1, 2 a me Rotehama i ka ia lā i loaa i ka papa ma Moscow i kona makahiki 26, October 20, 1894.

I loko nō o kona oihana poniʻana May 18, 1896 loaʻa i ua hana keaka Aey? Acaeoey i loko o ka Khodynka kula. Haunaele hiki i kekahi noho'na makaainana i ulu stampede pepehi a me ka poino na tausani o kanaka.

Khodynka i ole, ua manao ia no ka lehulehu Kuʻu, e like me ka mea i aʻo kumu no ka poʻe hao wale, a no laila ka mea, ua neblagoustroeno. Pono e hiki mai ana i ke kula i ke awāwa, a ua uhi ia ia iho, me ka lehulehu puka. Ma ka wā o ka hookahakaha o ka lua a me ka kahawai uhi me ka papa, a uhi ia me ke one, a kau ma luna o ke anapuni o ka pōʻeleʻele loa, hale malumalu, kauhale, kahi no dispensing noa vodka a me nā huahana. I ka poʻe i o Laielohelohe ma ka lono e pili ana i ka puunaue ana o ke dala a me ka makana, ua hoounaia'ku ai i ka hale e hina no kaʻoneki, e uhi ana i ka lua, a me na kanaka haule iho la, me ka i ku mai: ka mea, ua mahuka akula ka mua i ka ahakanaka. Ka makai, ua kahiliia aku ma ka nalu, hiki ole ke hana i kekahi mea. Wale ma hope kilo hiki aku, o ka ahakanaka i nā hoopuehuia, e waiho ana i ka wahi o ke kino haehaeia, a hehiia ilalo kanaka.

Ka mua makahiki o ka noho alii ana o

I ka makahiki kakahiaka nui o ka noho alii ana o Rotehama 2 mau helu o ka heluna kanaka, a me nā koi pohō a mihi i lawe mai. Rusia i ka noho alii ana o kēia mō'ī lilo i agrarian-hanalima moku'āina: e kūkulu Railroad, nā kūlanakauhale nui, ua hanalima hana. Ka Emperor i hoʻoholo nona nioeaeuii-yeiiiie? Modernization o Rusia: ka ruble gula kālā i hoʻolauna, mau kānāwai ma luna o ka poe e hana 'lapaʻau, lawe mai agrarian mihi Stolypin, i nā kānāwai ma luna haipule ke ahonui, a me ka paʻa iniiaiie hoʻonaʻauao.

ka papa kuhikuhiE hanana

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Rotehama 2 Ua kaha maha ma ka aggravation ikaika o ke ola pili aupuni o Rusia, e like me ka pilikia kuwaho kulana home 'ole (hanana o ke kaua Lūkini-Japanese o 1904-1905, ka 1905-1907 kipi i loko o ko mākou'āina, no ka First World War, a ma ka 1917 - FebruaryʻOiʻenehana) .

Russian-Japanese War, a hoomaka ae la i ka 1904, aole nae i kena ae la poho nui i ke aupuni, akā, me ka nui loa naueue ae la ka mana o ka mō'ī. Ma hope o setbacks lehulehu a me ka pōʻino ma ka kaua o Tsushima i ka 1905 i pau ai i ka palaoa pio o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa.

ʻOiʻenehana o 1905-1907.

January 9th, 1905 kipi wawahi mai, ua kapaʻia ia lā Hekikai Lāpule. Aupuni koa pana h ÷ o ka poe hana, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia, e like me ia olelo i manaoio, Georgiem Gaponom, he kahuna no ke maalo halepaahao ma St. Petersburg. E like me ka hopena o nā kī i pepehi oi ma mua o ka tausani demonstrators i kuleana i loko o ka maluhia hele ana a hiki i ka Winter Palace, e waiho i ka palapala hoopii no ka Auguseto e pili ana i ka pono o na hana.

Ma hope o ia, ke uprising hohola iho la i na mea he nui 'ē aʻe Lūkini kulanakauhale. Kaua hana e noho ana i loko o ka Moana, a ma o ka Army. No laila, June 14, 1905 luina hopu i ka battleship "Potemkin",ʻo ia i lawe ai i Odessa, kahi i ia manawa i ka nui hahau. Naʻe, i ka luina i oleʻaʻa i ka hele i uka, e kākoʻo i ka hana. "Potemkin" hele aku la i Romania, a hookuu mai ai ia i ka 'oihana. He hana ua pio ke alii, e kakau i ka Manifesto o 17 October 1905 i ka makahiki ka mea i haawi mai nā kupa o Kivila liberties.

'Aʻole i ka reformer ma ke ano maoli, i pio i ke alii, e hoʻokō i nā mea hoʻololi i e ole kulike i kona hilinaʻi. He manaoio aku i ka manawa mea e oo no lakou no ke ku okoa ana o ka olelo i loko o Rusia, ke kumu kanawai, ao suffrage. Akā, ma Rotehama 2 (kiʻi o i ua hōʻike i ka 'atikala) i puʻe wale akula kēlā, e kakau i ka Manifesto o Okatoba 17, 1905, ka mea, hoomaka ae hana me ka nohona neʻe no ka pili aupuni loli.

Ke kukuluia'na o ka State Duma

manifesto ke aliʻi i loko o 1906, ka State Duma i hoʻokumu. Ma ka mōʻaukala o Rusia, hoomaka ae la ka mua ia Auguseto, e alii ai maluna o loko o ke alo o ka 'elele o ka koho kino o ka heluna kanaka. Ia mea, Rusia ua kiʻekiʻe o lilo i ke kumukānāwai Kalikiano a. Eia naʻe, manaʻo huhū mau loli, ka Emperor i ka noho alii ana o Rotehama 2 no naʻe iā ia nunui mana: ia i paʻiʻia ma ka palapala o ke kanawai kānāwai, e koho i ka mea lawelawe, a me ka Kuhina Nui e lawelawe, hookolokoloia wale ia ia, i ke poʻo o ke kahua, me ka poe koa, a me ka haipule haipule o ka Ekalesia, ho'ākāka 'ia ke kulekele haole papa o ko mākou'āina.

Ka mua kipi o 1905-1907 hōʻike i ka hohonu ulia i ola i ia manawa ma ka Lūkini moku'āina.

Ma Rotehama 2 kanaka

Mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o kona wā, ai ke kanaka, i ka papa kuhikuhiE ano kāna moʻolelo, ikaika a me ka nawaliwali ka mea, uaʻano kekahi henua, a kena ae la i kekahi manawa controversial. E like me na mea he nui o lakou, ma Rotehama 2 wehewehe aku ka nui hiʻona me ka nawaliwali. Eia naʻe, he mea ample hōʻike i ka Emperor makemake e hoʻokō i ko lākou manaʻo a me ka hāpai ', kekahi manawa pōkole ana ma mua o ka paakiki (wale kekahi manawa, ma ka hōʻailona o ka Manifesto o Okatoba 17, 1905, oia i haʻakoi e waiho i kekahi mau mea e manao).

Akä naÿe i kona makua kāne, Alexander 3, ma Rotehama 2 (he Hawaii photo o ia,ʻike ma lalo nei) i i hana i ka manaʻo o ke kanaka ikaika. Eia naʻe, e like me ke pani mau hoa me ia i na kanaka ka mea, he mau kāʻeʻaʻeʻa composure, i kekahi manawa ka hoohalike ana me ka hoomaopopo ole i ka hopena o ke kanaka a me na aukanaka a pau (no ka laʻana, me ka equanimity, pepehi mō'ī 'ia,ʻo ia me ka lono o ka haule ana o Port Arthur, a me ka pio ana o ka Lūkini kaua i loko o ka First World kaua).

Komo i loko o na makaainana, Tsar Rotehama 2 hōʻike "halawai ikaika", e like me ka malama ana a me ka pololei (ai oia, aole i kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino kakauolelo, a me nā mea a pau o ka puka ma luna o nā palapala āna i waiho i kona lima iho). ʻOiai i mau i ka nui mana hooponopono mea no ka "kaumaha loa" ia ia. E like me ia wā, Czar Rotehama he 2 tenacious hoomanao, kilo a me ka noho pu ana ua launa, uku a me ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi kanaka. Ka hapa nui o nā mea a pau āna i kuaiia, ko lākou mauʻano, malu, ola kino, a me ka pau o ka pono o kona ohana iho.

2 Rotehama a me kona ohana

Kokua i kona 'ohana i mālama i ka Auguseto. Alexandra uaʻaʻole wale i kana wahine, akā, i ke kakaolelo, he hoa no ia. Lākou hoaai ma ua paʻa November 14, 1894. Pomaikai, manaʻo a me nāʻano o ka noho male pinepine mai i coincide, pili i ka moʻomeheu oko ao, no ka mea, o ka Empress ua he Kelemānia Alii. Naʻe, i kēia i i ole i ka ohana aelike. Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia a me Alexei: elima keiki i ka hui i.

ke aliʻi ohana hana keaka i ke kumu ma ka maʻi Alexei, ka mea i ae mai hemophilia (incoagulability koko). He kēia maʻi o ke kumu o ko ke aliʻi o ka hale o Grigoriya Rasputina, kaulana no ka haawina o ka hoola a me ka hihio. He pinepine kōkua Alexei e Makuakane me bouts o ka maʻi.

Ka First World War

1914 ua he haliu ae la ia wahi i loko o ka hopena o Rotehama 2. A i ka wa a ka First World War. Ka Emperor i ole makemake keia kaua, imi a ka mea hope loa, e pale aku i ka ka luku. Akā, ma ka July 19 (August 1) 1914 Germany nō ua hoʻoholo ihola e hele i ke kaua me Rusia.

Ma Augate o 1915, ia ma ka succession o koa setbacks, ma Rotehama 2, i ka moʻolelo o ka Papa i mea kokoke mua a hiki i ka hope loa, hilahilaʻo ia i ke kūlana o ka Alihikaua Nui o ka Lūkini kaua. Ua Ua mua häʻawi mai ai iä Duke Rotehama (Junior). Mai laila wale nō kēlā wā i kēia wā kipa kane kapikala Noho ka hapanui o ka manawa ma Mogilev High kōmi ma Nui.

Ka First World War hooikaika i ka na pilikia o Rusia. I ka papa kuhikuhiE culprit lesions a protracted kai eʻe i ike i ke alii, a me kona entourage. Ka manao ua i "nestles kipi" i loko o ka Lūkini aupuni. Ke koa kauoha ana o ka aina poai puni ia e ka Auguseto ma ka hoʻomaka o ka 1917 i hana mai i ka manao no kekahi mau kūpono 'ma i ia manaʻo i ke kauwela o 1917, e hoʻopau i ka confrontation.

Renunciation Rotehama 2

Eia naʻe, ma ka pau ana o Feberuari keia makahiki, ka haunaele wawahi mai ma Petrograd, a, no a hiki i ka wa e kaawale aku o ke kū'ē ikaika o na mana, ua ulu kekahi mau lā ma ka nuipa a pili hōʻike e kū'ē i ke aliʻi o ka nohoaliʻi ai, a me ka noho aupuni ana. First Nikolai 2? Oaony ma ka poe a pau e loaʻa ai mea i loko o ke poʻo, akā, no koʻu lohe i ka unahiʻole, i oiaio o na kue, i haawi mai i keia manao, e makau hou hookahe koko i ka mea hiki ke kumu. Kekahi o ka mea kiʻekiʻeʻo ke Aliʻi Koko luna aupuni, nā loea kālai'āina a me nā lālā o ka mō'ī ka entourage iā ia i mea e uhi unrest pono loli o ke aupuni, ke abdication o Rotehama 2, mai ka noho aliʻi.

Ma hope o eha Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo E March 2, 1917 ma Pskov, ma ka hele ana i ka imperial huakaʻi, ma Rotehama 2 hoʻoholo ihola e kakau i ka hana o ka abdication, mai ka noho aliʻi, a hiki i ka Papa, me kona kaikaina, Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia hōʻole eʻae i ka lei. Renunciation Rotehama 2 pela ke ano o ka hopenaʻana.

Ka hope mahina o ke ola

2 Rotehama a me kona 'ohana i hopu ma Malaki 9 o ka hookahi makahiki. Mua i na malama elima ka mea, e noho ana i loko o Tsarskoye Selo, ma lalo o ka hoomalu ana o, a ma August 1917 Ua hoouna aku la lakou i Tobolsk. A laila, i loko o Aperila 1918, i ka Bolsheviks hoʻoneʻe Rotehama, a me kona ohana ma Ekaterinburg. Eia, ma ka po o ka la 17 o Iulai, 1918, ma ke kulanakauhale iwaena konu, i loko o ka hale ilalo o ka hale Ipatiev, kahi a ka poe pio a pau i loko o ka halepaahao, o ka Emperor Rotehama 2, i kona elima keiki, ka wahine a me kekahi mau hoapili o ke alii, a me ohana Kauka Botkin, a me ka poe kauwa, me ka uku ole a me ka hookolokolo ana i pana aku la ia. Umikumamakahi kanaka i make.

I ka makahiki 2000, ma ka olelo hooholo o ka Ekalesia 2 Nikolay Romanov a me kona 'ohana i canonized, a me ka wahi o ko ka hale o Ipatiev ka Ua kūkulu Orthodox ekalesia.