Ka 'ole o ka DNA a me ka RNA' ole

Inā mākou e manao i ka helehelena o ka DNA lātoma mea kohu i hiloʻoni iho, a ua hanaʻia e nā polynucleotide kaulahao a i ka hoʻoluli ma waena o lakou iho, a me ka poʻe a puni kekahi o lākou, he pono ole na koilipi.

Nō kāu, o ka DNA 'ole ua noʻonoʻo i loko o ke Ka Ikepili'ōnaehana, kahi i like me ka ka papa - Ua pololei paʻa (no ka maʻamau ana) hana interposition dezoksiribonukleozidmonofosfatov - dNMP, eiiiiiaiou polynucleotide kaula.

I 'ole-mutated aeea mononucleotides hui phosphodiester paa ana, me lakou panina polynucleotide kaula hao i mau koho no ka wahi o maoli hui ma ka 5'-hope o ke kaula ua he posapahate pae, a me ka OH pūʻulu mea i loko o ka Z'-hope huakai kaapuni.

Inā he lātoma iloko olaila o nā kaula makalii mākou noonoo, ka DNA 'ole o ia i ka polynucleotide ke kaula gula e e antiparallel i kekahi i kekahi. Ma keia huakai kaapuni a hoopaa iho la o loko o ia ka 'ole e ia ma muli o ka hydrogen paa ana i ola ma waena o nā waihona ipu he A-T a me GC, coplanar, p ÷ haku i ka papa kuhikuhiE (axis) o na nā lātomaʻoni iho. Ka poe hydrophobic hana kūleʻa, e hanaʻia ma waena o nā kumu o ia ka lātoma, i kumupaʻa ma ka waʻa helix. No ka mea, he lātoma, me ka 'ole o ka DNA wehewehe aku ma ka complementarity o polynucleotide kaulahao, akā,ʻaʻole lākou wahine paha, e like me kā lākou nucleotide haku mele' ana i kekahi.

Eia, e noonoo pono i ka mea he DNA 'ole, ka mea e e kaulana i kela a me keia kanaka lātoma ua "piha" ma ka pololei kū hoʻokahi, kaawale chromosome. Kēia mau chromosomes iloko i kekahiʻano o nā polokina e hoʻopili like i ka pololei hoakaka kaʻina o ka DNA lātoma 'ole. Mau nā polokina e hoʻolaha i loko o 2 waeʻano: histones a me nā polokina negistony. I ka luna 'me ka nukelea DNA o na keena, i kēia mau nā polokina kapa chromatin.

Hōʻike no ka 'ole o ka DNA, ka mea e e kaulana ia chromatin ninoieo o elima ke ano o histones, ka huina o maikaʻi malama i' oi aku ka loa ikaika hoopaa histones me ka DNA. Ke eiiieaena o histones a me ka DNA nā lātoma i ho'ākāka 'hapa i nahae ka he 146 nucleotide hui, ua reacted, ma i kuahene nucleosomes.

Hookomoia ma ka 'ole o ka DNA lātoma nā polokina negistony ho i likeʻole ano o hoʻokonukonu nā polokina, pili me ka maikai DNA kaʻina. Nō hoʻi, DNA nā lātoma mea manuahi me ka 'ole o nā'ūhū hoolako biosynthesis.

Hoʻopaʻa haʻawina o ka 'ole o ka DNA a me RNA loko o ka'ōnaehana Ka Ikepili e wale nō ia i loko o ka luna', i ua, i ka wa e noonoo pono i ka 'ole o ka DNA, ia mea pono e noonoo i ka' ole a me ka RNA.

Kona iniiaiie 'ole, e like me ka pono me ia ma ka hihia o ka DNA lātoma mea he algorithm interlace ribonukleozidmonofosfatov, pela, e laweʻia i loko o ka mea ana, e like DNA, a pau ano o RNA i wale kekahi lei o ka polynucleotide. Ma ka 'ole o ka RNA lātoma a me kona hoʻokahi kaula makalii i hanaʻia, no laila, i kapaʻia "hairpin" - spiralized puka lou i nā AU a me GC waihona ipu, a stabilized ma hydrogen ka ponaʻana.

Nō kāu, o ka awelika nui loa DNA lātoma maupaʻa ma kahi o 150 nucleotide hui millionov, a me kona lōʻihi, he eha mau kenimika. Ke keʻena hoʻokolohua Ka Ikepili o ia nā lātoma mea kekahi kaʻao no ke ao, no ka mea, i ka wa a ka mea, o ka auaaeaiea o ka'aʻaʻa, he lātoma mālama i e loa hakina a me ka lilo nui uuku ma ka nui. E hoʻopau i kēia hana a he leo, i loko o nā haʻawina o ka ano o PCR - e mālama nei polymerase kaula naoh, ma i ua selectively synthesizing kanaka pauku o ka DNA lātoma, a me ke kālā līkaia no i ka mea e pono ai haʻawina no kona koena ai.