Uila kahua pinepine '

Kēlā me uila kauoha a puni ka pila kahua. E like me ka hopena o lengthy noiʻi physicists mākou i manao ai i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o hoopiiia kino mea ku pono i ka pou kihapai a puni ia. Ka mea, eia he kūikawā 'ano o ia mea, a ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i nā mea a pau ka pila kauoha.

Study o ka uila ke kahua ua lawe mai ma ka i hoʻolaunaʻia ma loko o ka mea, ke olonā i hoopiiia kino. Mau kino i haawi ia ia e like me ka "hoao i hoopiia". No ka laʻana, e like me ka pinepine hoʻohana ho'āʻo kauoha kauoha Cork kinipöpö.

I ka hana ana i ka hōʻike e mālama ai i loko o ka uila ke kahua o ke kino, i ka mea i maikaʻi ka uku ole, oluolu olelo ikaika mai, papa mai pith poepoe ma lalo o kona aoao, e deviate i ka hou, ke kokoke e lawe mai mākou ia i ke kino.

I ka hele i ka hōʻike e mālama ai i loko o ka uila ke kahua o kekahi i hoopiiia kino hiki wale huai ae i ka manehu mea, e ia okoa i loko o kekahi mau wahi.

No ka laʻana, ka wā waiho ma ka moʻo ma ka ia kahua wahi okoa pepa paia ho'āʻo 'oluʻolu' āhewa 'ana q1, q2, q3, ..., qn, oe i loaʻa i nā koa e hana ma luna o ia mau mea, F1, F2, F3, ..., Fn mea okoa, akā, me ka lākiō o ka poe a pau e ka nui kekahi kauoha no keia kahua mau kumu:

F1 / q1 = F2 / q2 = F3 / q3 = ... = Fn / qn.

Inā ma keia ano, e makaikai i kekahi mau heluʻai o ke kula, ua loaa i ka penei ka hopena: no kēlā kanakaʻoi i loko o ka uila ke kahua o ka lākiō o ka ikaika ka lawe 'ana ma luna o ka ho'āʻo e mālama a hiki i ka nui ana o keia kauoha, a kūpono ka nānā' ana i ka waiwai o ka hoʻokolohua kauoha.

Mai keia ka mea, penei i ka waiwai o keia lākiō characterizes ka uila kahua i loko o kekahi o kona kumu. I ka waiwai i ua anaia mai ka manawa ma ka lākiō o ka ikaika ka lawe 'ana ma luna o ka maikaʻi kauoha kau ma ia wahi o ke kula, ka nui a me ka mālama i ka uila kahua ikaika nei:

E = F / q1.

Ua mea, e like me ka mea hala ole oe i kona ho'ākāka 'ana, e like me ka ikaika i hana ma ka mokuna o ka maikaʻi uku ole kau ma kekahi mau wahi o ke kula.

Ke pa alima o ka nui o ka uila ke kahua o ka loaa kahua pinepine ' hana ana ma ka malama nui ana o kekahi pa alima me electrostatic mana o kekahi dyne. Keia pa alima ua kapaia ka kāpae electrostatic pa alima o ka hoʻopilikia.

E hoʻoholo i ka uila kahua ka nui o kekahi wahi uku ole Q ma ka ākeʻakeʻa kumu wahi i loko o ke kahua A o ka uku ole i ua kaawale mai ia ma ka mamao r1, keia e hoonohoia ma ka ākeʻakeʻa kumu wahi ho'āʻo e mālama ai q1, a e huli i ka ikaika fa, a hana i ka huina hoonui (holo).

E like me ke Coulomb ka kānāwai :

Fa = (q1q) / r²₁.

Inā mākou e lawe i ka lākiō o na koa e aloha ia i ke kauoha i kona kumukuai q1, he mea hiki, e hoʻomaulia i ka uila kahua o ka hoʻopilikia i welau A:

Ea = Q / r²₁.

E hiki no hoi loaʻa ikaika i loko o ka ākeʻakeʻa kumu wahi B; ka mea, e like me:

EB = Q / r²₂.

No laila, i ka uila kahua ka nui o ka wahi uku ole ma kekahi mau wahi o ke kula (ma vacuo) e e pololei hapaʻauhau i ka nui o ka uku ole, a inversely hapaʻauhau i ke kahua o ka mamao ma waena o kēia wahi, a me kaʻoihana.

Ke kahua ikaika lawelawe 'ana me kona mana ano. Ike ia ma kekahi wahi o ke kahua E, mea, he mama, e hoʻomaulia, a ai i ka F, e hana ma ka Q kauoha ma ka haawi mai point:

F = qE.

Ka uila kahua - maʻi lele mea. Kuhikuhi ana hoʻopilikia i loko o kēlā mau 'wahi i loko o ke kula ua hui me ka olelo o ka ikaika ka lawe' ana ma luna o ka maikaʻi kauoha waiho i loko o ka wahi.

Ma ke kahua o ke kula kekahi mau hoopii: q1 a me ka q2 - ikaika E ma kekahi wahi A o keia kahua, e e like me ka geometric huina o E1 a me E2 hoʻopilikia hanaia ma ka hāʻawi wahi kaawale i hoopiia q1 a me ka q2.

Ka uila kahua ma kekahi wahi hiki ke hōʻike graphically ma ke kuhikuhi Hoʻohana i originates mai keia wahi, like me i ka kiʻi ikaika a me nā maʻi lele mea.