Kauhalenui Stefan Yavorsky: Kawaihae, ike

Hoahana o ka Lūkini Orthodox Church, Kauhalenui Stefan Yavorsky ua Ryazan a me Locum Tenens o ka Patriarchal nohoalii. He ala mahalo ia Peter I,, au naʻe i ka helu o nā hoa pāonioni ma me ke alii, i ho'ōla escalated i loko o kaua. Koke ma mua o kona make ana locum tenens Synod i hana, ma a ka moku'āina loa subjugate i ka Ekalesia.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

I ka wā e hiki mai kahuna Stefan Jaworski i hānau i loko o 1658 ma ke kulanakauhale o Jawor, ma Galicia. Kona mau makua, uaʻano ilihune aliʻi. Ma lalo o nā hua'ōlelo o Andrusovo maluhia Kuikahi i loko o 1667, neʻe aku la lakou a hiki i ka lihi o ka hope loa Poland. Orthodox ohana Jaworski manao, e haʻalele, a neʻe i Yavor hema-Bank Ukraine, i lilo kekahi hapa o ka Moscow State. Lākou hou'āina huli Krasilovka kauhale kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Nezhin. Here Stefan Jaworski (i loko o ke ao nei ua Semyon kona inoa) hoomau i kona hoʻonaʻauao.

I kona wā'ōpiopio,ʻo ia i mua kū kaʻawale hoʻoneʻe ia Kiev, kahi āna i helu ia ma ka Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium. I ua kekahi o na kumu nui hoʻonaʻauao kulanui ma ka hema o Rusia. Here Stefan aʻo a hiki i 1684. He huki mai i ka noonoo ana o ka wā e hiki mai Kauhalenui o Kiev Varlaama Yasinskogo. Ke keiki i ike okoa ia,ʻaʻole wale nō lanakila akā, i poʻokela maoli nā mea hiki - he Snap iaiyoe, a attentiveness. Barlaam kōkua iā ia e hele i ka noiʻi i'āina'ē.

Study ma Poland

I ka 1684, Stefan Jaworski hele i Rzeczpospolita. He aʻo me ka Jesuits ma Lviv a me Lublin, i ike i ka theology ma Poznan a me Vilnius. Kakolika i ka mea wale nō ma hope o ka uʻi apprentice hele aku la i ka Uniate manaoio. Hope i kēia hana i nema aku e kona mau hoa a me ka hana ino-Nā Mea Makemake i loko o ka Lūkini Orthodox Church. Manawa Uniates lilo nui kānakaʻepekema i makemake e loaa ke kōkua o ke Western kulanui a me nā hale waihona puke. Me lakou pu o, no kekahi laʻana, Orthodox Epiphany Slavonetsky a me Innokentiy Gizel.

Study Yavorsky ma ka mokuaina i pau ai i ka 1689. He loaa i ka Western palapala puka. Ma makahiki pono i kekahi mau i loko o Poland, ua aʻo theologian ritorskomu, stihotvorcheskomu a me philosophical nō. I keia manawa, ua lilo i hana i kona ao ike, a ua hoʻoholo ihola nā wā e hiki mai hana a me nā manaʻo hoʻoholo. Aia mea i kanalua i ka mea, ua ka Hui Jesuit ka haʻaheo lāhui kāna haumāna paakiki manaʻoe hōʻeha i ka poʻe Kalawina, e ku e ana i hope, e hana i loko o Rusia.

E hoʻi i ka Rusia

A hoʻi hou aʻela ia Kiev, Stefan Jaworski kipaku aku Catholicism. Ke kūloko Academy maliu mai ia ma hope o ka hōʻike. Barlaam Jasinski Yavorsky i ka manao, e lawe monastic kauoha. Eia hoi, uaʻae akula, a lilo iho la oia i ka möneka, e lawe ana i ka inoa Setepano. I mua oia i ua he novice i loko o ka Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. Ka wā koho Kauhalenui Barlaam, ia i kōkua mai i kona protégé e lilo i kumu vitiystva a me rhetoric ma ka Academy. Jaworski ua hoʻomaka koke ho onui ana hou nā kūlana hana. Ka 1691, ua lilo iho la i prefect, e like me ke Kumu o ka kālaiʻike a me ka theology.

E like me ke kumu Stefan Yavorsky, kona Kawaihae i pili me Poland, hoʻohana i ka Roma ao ki ina hana like. Kona "Style" ua i ka wā e hiki mai hai a me ka noho aupuni ana kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe ke kula. Akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE haumana ua Feofan Prokopovich - i ka wā e hiki mai luna hoa Stefan Yavorsky ma ka Lūkini Orthodox Church. Oiai hope ke kumu i hoopiiia e ka mea, ua i loko o nā paia o ka Kiev Academy o ka hoolaha ana i na Hui ao ana, i kēia mau tirades he unfounded. Ka mea nana e hai haʻi'ōlelo hāʻina o nā haʻawina i i ola ai i ka i keia lā, loaʻa nō nā wehewehena lehulehu o Western Kristiano hewa.

A me ka ao ana a me ke aʻo 'ana haʻawina ma luna o nā puke Stefan Jaworski i mālama ai i loko o ka ekalesia. Ua ua ikeia e ia i hana i ka hana pili o ka mare keiki Ivan Mazepa. Ma mua o ke kaua me ke Swedes kahuna i olelo mai ai olelo ikaika mai e pili ana i ka hetman. I ka 1697 i ka theologian lilo'Abota ma St. Rotehama hoailona i loko o ka wao nahele ma Kiev. Ua ua he paha i ke ano o ia koke hoomakaukauiaʻi Jaworski Kauhalenui. Ma o ka manawa,ʻo ia i kōkua mai i ka puu o Barlaam, a hele aku la ia me kana mau kauoha i Moscow.

unexpected huli

Ma Ianuali 1700 Stefan Yavorsky, nona Kawaihae hiki e manao ia ka o Era 'oihana i kokoke i ka ho'āʻo' ana e, au aku la i ke kulanakauhale alii. Kauhalenui Varlaam noi aku ia ia e halawai me ka makua'lii, Adrian, a hoohuli mai i ka mea e ho okumu i kekahi hou Pereyaslavskaya noho. Elele hana i ka hana, akā, koke ua he unexpected hanana i radically hoʻololi i kona ola.

I ke poʻo, make iho la ua aliʻi lā, a me kou alakaʻi Alyaksei Shein. He, a me ka mea opiopio o Petero aʻu i alakai i ka hopu ana o Azov, a i lilo i ka mua Lūkini generalissimo. Moscow hoʻoholo ihola i ka eulogy e olelo aku nei hiki Stefan Yavorsky. Education, a nona iho no e hai aku i ke kanaka iʻikeʻia i loko o ka maikai alanui me ka nui akoakoa o dignitaries. Akā loa importantly - Kiev malihini ka olelo i ke alii, o kahi mea imbued me kona eloquence. Peter I hana waiho aku i ka makua'lii Adrian elele Varlaam poo o kekahi diocese i kahi loihi, mai Moscow. Stefan Yavorsky i ao aku i ka manawa o ka noho ana i loko o ke kulanakauhale alii. la oia i koke kaumaha aku i ka hou Kauhalenui o Ryazan a me Murom. Look manawa oia brightened i loko o ka Donskoy hoailona.

Kauhalenui a locum tenens

April 7, 1700 i ka hou Kauhalenui o Ryazan ua Stefan Jaworski. i ke Bishop koke i kana mau hana, a ua komo 'o loko o ka kūloko ekalesia mea. Akā,ʻo kona mehameha hana ma Ryazan ua pōkole-i noho ai. Kela manawa, October 15, make iho la elemakule, a ailing makualii Adrian. Peter au a kokoke Alexey Kurbatov haʻi mai iā ia, e kali no na koho ana o ka hope. Akā, i ke aliʻi kukuluia he hou lapauila o locum tenens. Ma kēia wahi i ke kuhikuhi kaumaha aku i kau holmogorskogo Archbishop Athanasius. Peter hoʻoholo i ka mea, i ole lilo i ka locum tenens, a me Stefan Yavorsky. Sermons Kievʻelele ma Moscow,ʻo ia i lawe ai i ke ano o Kauhalenui o Ryazan. Ano ka mea, Ua emi lele ma mua o ka makahiki a hiki i ka hope ke kahua, a formally lilo i ka mua kanaka o ka Lūkini Orthodox Church.

Ua Ua he meteoric ala, ka mea, ua lilo ia i mea e hiki ai i ke aloha a hiki i ka holomua pu ana o ka noho ana, a Charisma 42-makahiki-kahiko theologian. Kona huahelu Ua lilo i ka pāʻani ala i loko o ka lima o na Aupuni. Petero i makemake ai, e pakele no ka patriarchate like detrimental i ke kula o ka moku'āina. He manaʻo e ana aʻei i ka ekalesia, a subordinate mea pololei i nā aliʻi. Ka muaʻano o kēia mihi ua pono ke kula i ka locum tenens nā kūlana hana. Ke hoʻohālikelike me ka makua'lii, he kanaka me kēia kūlana i ka nui emi mana. Kona laulā ua kaupalena 'a e hoʻomalu aku ma ke kikowaena hooko. Hoʻomaopopo i ke 'ano o ka Petrine nā mea hoʻololi, i kekahi ke koho ana o ka manawa i oleloia ai mea literally huikau ka malihini, a no ka Moscow ka ke kanaka i loko o ka wahi o ka poo o ka ekalesia ua deliberate a me ka premeditated.

Apuepue i ka hanohano ana e imi nei Stefan Yavorsky. Uniate Church, ma ka mea ana i hele i loko o kona wā'ōpiopio, a me nā hiʻona o kona manao ke i ke kue i ke kulanakauhale lehulehu. Appointee i i makemake nui ka pilikia a me ka mea, ua ike i kauʻo ia ma luna o ka "ae hoʻolele" wahi. Eia hou, i ka theologian lilo kekahi i kekahi kanaka maoli o Little Rusia, kahi ka mea, he nui wale na makamaka a me nā kākoʻo. Akā, hoole aku la oia i ke alii, o ka papa, hiki ole, nolaila, noi haʻahaʻa aku maliu i kona kaumaha.

Ke kaua ana i ka manao ku e

Loli, ua hauʻoli i na mea a pau. Muscovites kapa Jaworski Cherkasov oblivantsem. Ka Heihei Hoewaʻa o Ierusalema Dositheus kakau iho la oia i ka Russian Tsar, i mākou e ole mua keu aku maoli o Little Rusia. Petero i ole uku i kekahi hoʻolohe i kēia mau olelo ao. Eia naʻe Dosifej loaa mai i kekahi palapala o ke hoʻololi aʻe, a ka mea kākau iho ua Stefan Jaworski. Opal ua maopopo. Ka makualii i ole noonoo Kievan "muli o kona kulana Orthodox" no ka mea, o kona loa-e ku ana ke alu like me na Kakolika, a Jesuits. Pane Dosifeya Stefan i ole conciliatory. Wale i kona hope Chrysanthos compromised me ka locum tenens.

Ka pilikia mua me a Stefan Yavorsky i ka maka ma ka hou ala, ua i ka ninau o ke Old manaoio. I keia manawa, no ka kuee i hohola leaflets ma Moscow, ma ka Lūkini kapikala i kapaia o Babulona, a me Petero - ka Antichrist. Ua lilo ke hoʻokuhikuhi o kēia hanana he koʻikoʻi knigopisets Gregory Talitskii. Kauhalenui Stefan Jaworski (koe Ryazan 'Oihana i loko o kona kauoha) ho'āʻo e hoomaopopo i ka perpetrator unrest. Keia hoopaapaa alakai ai i ka mea i ka mea, a hiki i paʻi i kona puke iho, hoolaa ai i na hoailona o ka hiki ana mai o ka Antichrist. I ka hana e huʻe 'ka hewa o ko schismatics a me kā lākou manipulation o ka pono a manaʻo.

Stefan Yavorsky mau hoa paio

Ma waho aʻeo i ka Old manaoio a me ka heretical hihia, locum tenens ua hoomanaia e hooholo i ka moho no ka hookohu i ka hakahaka dioceses. Ua oki kona kahua kaua, aʻae maila ia e ke alii. Wale ma hope o kona apono ia ana o ka mea i koho kanaka la i ke ano o Kauhalenui. Petero i hana i kekahi mau mea kaupaona i me ka nui loa kaupalena i ka locum tenens. Mua, ka mea, ua i ka hoʻolaʻaʻana o ka Hale Pule Nui - he halawai o ka poe kahu. He nui no ia i ole puppets Yavorsky, a me kekahi poe i kona pololei mau hoa paio. No laila,ʻo ia i kēlā manawa, e hoomalu aku i kona wahi o ka ike i loko o ka wehe confrontation me nā ekalesia hierarchs. I mea locum tenens ua wale no ka mua i waena o hoahanauna, no laila kona aupuni hiki ole e hele i kekahi e like me ka mea mana o na makualii,.

Ka lua, o Petero au mahuahua i ka aoao o ka hoailona Buro, i ke poo o ka mea ana i hoonoho ai i kona malama pono aliÿi Ivan Musin-Pushkin. Ua hoʻonohoʻia kēia kanaka e like me ka mea nana e kokua a me ka hoa locum tenens, akā, ma kekahi wahi, i hiki, i ka wa a ke alii i manao ai he pono, lilo 'o ia i ka pololei i oi.

Apana, i ka 1711 o ka mua Boyar Duma i hope ia ka pono a me kaʻikeʻia i loko o kona wahi o ka lakou ke hoomaluia Senate. Kona mau kānāwai no ka Ekalesia equated i ke alii. Ka mea, ua i ka pono o ke Senate, e ike ai i ko ka candidacy o ke kokoke loa i kahi i manaoia ma ka locum tenens, i ka wahi o ka Bihopa. Petero, ka mea i increasingly unuhi i loko o ka kuwaho a me ke kukulu ana o St. Petersburg, ua ulele hooponopono ana o ka ekalesia, a me ka moku'āina mīkini ua manawa intervene wale me ka hope e akoakoa ai.

Nānā 'Lutheran Tveritinova

I ka 1714 ua he Temepela i i nui hoʻonui i ka luahohonu ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka a he mau statesmen a me Stefan Yavorsky. Photos i ole nei, akā, e like me ia, kēia moʻolelo i Ua hiki ke hoihoi hou i ke kiʻi o ka German hooponopono, o ka oi aku sprawling ma lalo o Petero I. Ma ka mea, i noho ai haole kalepa, paahana a me nā malihini ka hapanui mai Germany. A pau o ia poe Lutherans a Kalawina. hoomaka kēia Western naʻauao, e hohola aku i waena o ka poʻe i noho ma Orthodox o Moscow.

Noʻeleu proponent o Lutheranism lilo freethinking kauka Tveritinov. Stefan Jaworski, nona ka mihi mua o ka ekalesia ua nui na makahiki aku nei, hoomanao iho la na makahiki malaila e hiki mai ana i na Kakolika, a Jesuits. Ka mea, ka haʻaheo i ka locum tenens makemakeʻole i nā poʻe Kalawina. Ryazan Kauhalenui hoomaka ae la i ka hoomaau ana o ka Lutherans. Holo aku la Tveritinov i St. Petersburg, kahi loaʻaʻo ia i ka haipule a me ka pale no ka Senate i waena o detractors Yavorsky. i ke kauoha i hoopuka ia, e like me a ka locum tenens ua e kala i ka oleloia heretics. Head o ka ekalesia, a ua ana compromised me ke aupuni, i makemake i kēia manawa,ʻaʻole e concede. He imi iho la ka patronage pololei a hiki i ke aliʻi. Petero i i makemake i ka pau moʻolelo o ka hoomaau ana o ka Lutherans. ka mua mea kue wawahi mai ma waena ona a me Yavorsky.

Ia manawa, locum tenens hoʻoholo ihola au e hōʻike aku lākou noʻonoʻo loi o Protestantism a me Orthodoxy manao ma ke kaʻawale (essay). No laila,ʻo ia koke kakau iho la ia i kona loa kaulana puke "ka pohaku o ka manaoio." Stefan Yavorsky ma keia hana alakaʻi i ka mau sermon e pili ana i ka nui o ka hoopakele ana i ke kahiko makeʻe kulana kumu o ka Orthodox Church. I ka Ia manawa, ua hoʻohana i ka rhetoric i ua, he pono ole i ka manawa no ka Kakolika. Ua piha nā puke me ka rejection o ka Reformation, a laila, lanakila ma Germany. Kēia mau manaʻo, a iā i ka mikionali Kelemānia ana.

Ke kue i ke alii

I ka moʻolelo o ka Lutheran Tveritinov i kaʻawaʻawa loa bele, ka hōʻikeʻana i ka pili o ka ekalesia a me ka moku'āina, i ka mea ku pono kulana ma luna o ka poʻe Kalawina. Naʻe, i ke kaua ma waena o lakou, ua nui malalo ia a ua wale widened ma manawa. He Mamua ka wā i paʻi (essay) "Stone o Faith". Stefan Yavorsky me kēia puke i ho'āʻo ana, e hoomalu aku i ko lakou makeʻe kulana hoʻomoana. Nā luna Ua banned kona puke.

Ia manawa, neʻe maila Petero i ka aina o ka kapikala o St. Petersburg. Ua neʻe ma laila a pau i nā luna aupuni. Locum Tenens Kauhalenui o Ryazan a me Stefan Yavorsky noho ma Moscow. I ka 1718, i ke aliʻi, kauoha aku la ia ia e hele i St. Petersburg, a, e hoʻomaka ka hana i loko o ka hou kulanakauhale alii. Ua kena ae la eha ma ka naau Setepano. King snapped i kona mau kumu, a i oleʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai. A lailaʻo ia i? Aaeaaaaony i ka pono no ka uhane Papa.

aikane, o ka papahana i Komikina'Āina i ka manao Feofan Prokopovich - haumana kahiko ia Stefana Yavorskogo. Locum Tenens i oleʻae me kona mau manaʻo prolyuteranskimi. ¶ A i ka 1718, o Petero hoʻoili i ka ma ka inoaʻo o Bishop Theophan Pskov. He loaa mua maoli mana. He ho'āʻo e kū'ē Stefan Yavorsky. Ka mihi a me ka hoopunipuni ma locum tenens he i ke kumuhana o ka laua kamailio ana, a me ka lono, hohola iho la ma na poo. E ku e ia i kau mai ia ia he nui influential luna aupuni o ka poe i hana i ka 'oihana ma o Petero a me ka poe kākoʻo o ka papa ma ka hoolohe ana i ka moku'āina ekalesia. No laila, i ka Kauhalenui o Ryazan ho'āʻo e blacken i ka inoa maikaʻi o keʻano o ke ki ina hana like, a me ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana i kona pili ana me ka Kakolika i kā lākou mau haʻawina i loko o Poland.

Kūlana i loko o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana o Tsarevich Alexei

Ia manawa, o Petero i e hoʻonā i kekahi kue - keia manawa i ka ohana. Kona keiki, a me ka hooilina, Alexei i oleʻae me ka manao ana o kona makuakane, a, ma ka hopena, a laila holo akula ia Austria. He Ua hoʻi akula i kona'āina. Ma May 1718, o Petero kena Stefan Yavorsky e hele mai ai i St. Petersburg o ia ho i ka ekalesia ma ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana o ke kipi alii.

Ua Ua lono ia locum tenens a makemake me Alexei, a i mālama ma ka nano me ia. Eia naʻe, i Documentary hoike o keia. Ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea, ua ikeia e ka luna i i makemake i ka hou ekalesia pilikino E pili ana i kona makua kāne, a me ka mea, he nui kākoʻo i waena o ka makeʻe kulana clergy ma Moscow. I hookolokolo, ka Kauhalenui o Ryazan i ho'āʻo mau kahuna e hoʻopale ai. He nui o ia pū me ke aliʻi i hoopiiia o ke kipi, a hooko aku la i. Stefan Yavorsky ho ololi i ka hooholo ana o Petero iʻaʻole hiki ke. Locum Tenens 'ona ilina hana Alexei mysteriously make i loko o kona halepaahao aeea ma ka Ewa o ke kanawai.

Hope e pili ana i ka Synod

A mau makahiki study o ka bila kanawai ma ka hoʻokumu o ka uhane Papa ua. E like me ka hopena, ia la ia mea e like me ka Hemolele kālai'āina Synod. Ma Ianuali 1721 Peter kakauinoa i ka manifesto ma luna o ka hoʻokumu o ka mana kupono no ka hooponopono ana i ka ekalesia. Ka lānai hou i koho hoa o ka Synod i koke hoohiki i loko, a ma Feberuari, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kukuluia'na o ka paʻa 'oihana. Ka Patriarchate Ua kauoha aku hōʻoki aku, a koe ma ka hala.

Formally kau ae la o Petero ma ke poo o ka Synod o Stefan Yavorsky. He Ua kū'ē i ka mea hou kula, e noonoo pono i ka mea i undertaker ekalesia. He i ole ia i na halawai o ka Synod, a hoole, e kakau i ka pepa i hoopuka ia ma keia kino. Ma ka hana o ka Lūkini moku'āina Stefan Yavorsky ike aku la ia ia iho i loko o ka mea okoa nona iho. Aku la o Petero i aku la ia ia ma luna o ka maka nā kūlana hana wale i ka h ÷ ike i ka ka hoʻomauʻana o ka olelo kauoha o ka patriarchate, mestoblyustitelstva a me Synod.

Ma na koʻikoʻi a hanohano kiekie ae hana mau i palahalaha ae ka denunciations, i stipulates Stefan Yavorsky. O ka hoopunipuni i loko o ka hana ana o ka hoailona Nijinsky a me nā unscrupulous machinations wahi a hiki i ka Kauhalenui o Ryazan ino na olelo e. Hoomaka ae la oia e noho i loko o ka moku'āina o ka hoʻomauʻana stress i ka hopena i hōʻike me ka nui loa i ola. Stefan Jaworski make ma luna o Dekemaba 8, 1722 ma Moscow. He ua ka mea mua a me ka hope makahiki o locum tenens o ka Patriarchal nohoalii ma Lūkini mōʻaukala. Ma hope o kona make ana, i lilo ai nā kenekulia o ka synodal au ka wā o ka moku'āina i hana kona hapa o ka ekalesia bureaucracy.

Ka hopena o ka "Stone o Faith"

Interestingly, ka puke "Stone o Faith" (poʻo mea kākau o ka hana locum tenens) i paʻiʻia ma ka 1728 i ka wa ia a me Petero koke i loko o ka lua kupapau. Ke hana, e nema aku ana Protestantism, ua halawai pomaikai nui. Ua koke kuai mai kona Edition mua. Hope, o ka puke i ua republished kekahi mau manawa. Ka wā, i ka noho alii ana o Anna Ivanovna i ka mana i ka hailona o punahele, German Lutheran, "Stone o Faith" Ua banned hou.

Ke hana nei,ʻaʻole wale nō noho pilikia o Protestantism, akā, nui importantly, ka mea, ua i ka pono ma ia manawa, he kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana exposition o ka Orthodox Faith. Stefan Jaworski 'aloʻahia mau wahi ma a mea, ka oko ao mai Lutheranism. D. ke hoonoho i hoolaa i kea laa, icons, a me ka ahaaina o ka Eucharist, ke kapu kauoha, e ku e ka heretics, a no laila, ma luna. I ka Orthodox aoao hope lanakila ma lalo o Elisabeta, "Stone o Faith" lilo i kumu nui theological Lūkini Church hana, a noho no laila, ma ka XVIII kenekulia .