Kazak - owai la keia? Mōʻaukala o ka Cossacks

Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka mōʻaukala ? Acaeoey o kekahi kanaka, he mau minute ka wā i kekahi lāhui pūʻulu hoʻokaʻawaleʻia, a hiki ia i hana kaawale Hawaiʻi, ahu iho. Ma kekahi mau hihia, i kēia mau kumu moʻomeheu ke kākoʻo '-ola peacefully me kā lākou mau lāhui kanaka a me ke ao ma nui, ma na mea e ae - kaua no i like wahi ma lalo iho o ka lā. An kumu o ia ka militant lāhui pūʻulu hiki ke noʻonoʻo me ka stratum o ke kaiāulu, e like me ka Cossacks. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka moʻomeheu pūʻulu ua mau Ua he kūikawā pokole o ko ke ao nei, a me ka loa huʻi religiosity. I ka lā, nä känaka 'epekema hiki ole pohihihi mai paha keia mea he ahu iho la ka lāhui Slavic kanaka kaʻawale lahuikanaka. Mōʻaukala o ka Cossacks hoʻi i ka mamao XV kenekulia, ka wā Europa'āina i nenelu i internecine na kaua a me dynastic upheavals.

Ke etymology o ka hua'ōlelo "Cossack"

kēia poʻe he nui i kekahi mau manaʻo o ka mea i Cossack - he koa a me ka ia 'ano o ka poe koa, e noho ana i loko o ka kekahi mōʻaukala manawa, a kaua ae la i ko lakou ku okoa. Eia naʻe, e like me ka hoohalike ana hoi, ua maloo lakou e maona ai a me ka mamao mai ka oiaio, hāʻawi mai i ka malie a me ka etymology o ka makahiki "Cossack". Aia i kekahi mau walaʻauʻana theories o ke kumu o ka olelo, e like:

- Turkic ( "Cossack" - he noa ke kanaka);

- i ka olelo mai, mai Kosogs;

- Turkish ( "kaz", "Cossack" 'o ia hoʻi "Oie");

- i ka olelo mai, mai ka manawa "Kozara";

- Mongolian kumumanaʻo;

- Turkestan kumumanaʻo - i mea no ka inoa o ka nomadic ohana;

- ma ka Tatar 'ōlelo "Cossack" - he koa i loko o ka vanguard o ka poe koa.

Aia nō nā theories, kela mea keia mea o ka i mea he loa okoa wehewehe i ka olelo, akā, i ka loa ka naauao kāna mau 'ōlelo o nā wehewehena hiki ke hōʻike'. Ka loa, he pono ole kumumanaʻo mea i ka Cossack ua he noa ke kanaka, akā, me ka mākaukau, makaukau e hoouka aku me ka kaua.

mōʻaukala me Kinohi

Mōʻaukala o ka Cossacks helu kuhi puke i loko o ka XV kenekulia,ʻo ia ma 1489 - o ka olelo mua o ke kau "Cossack". Ka mōʻaukala'āina o ka Cossacks ka hikina 'Eulopa, a me ka oi manaʻoi, i ka wahi o ka ai-kapaia Wild Field (i keia la o Ukraine). It E e kaulana ia i loko o ka XV kenekulia, i kapaʻia ka wahi ua'ākilikai, a i ole pili i ka Lūkini i ke aupuni, a me ke Poland. Holo nōhie ?? eoi? "Wild Field" Ua malalo i ka ikaika kaua o Crimean Tatars. Ke kiʻekiʻe o maluhia iho la ma ka aina o nā meaʻeʻe moku mai Poland a me ke aupuni o ka Lūkini keiki ma luna o ka hooulu ana o ka hou ka papa - ka Cossacks. I mea, i ka mōʻaukala o nā Cossacks, mai ka manawa, i ka wa ano o kanaka, kauwa, a hoʻomaka e noho ma ka aina o ka Wild kula, pela e pili ana i ko lakou iho naʻu-kālai'āina koa koa, i mea e pale aku i ka ino o Tatars a me nā nationalities. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XVI kenekulia Cossack regiments huli i loko o ka mana koa koa, i hana nui pilikia i kokoke Hawaii.

Creation o Zaporozhye Sech

E like me ka mōʻaukala ikepili i, a i ike i ka lā, i i ka ho'āʻo mua i ka hoʻoponopono-hui o ka Cossacks i ka 1552 ma Prince Volyn Vyshnevetsky, maikaʻi ike like Bayda.

He mea no ko lakou mau dala, e kukulu iho la lakou i ka oihana kumu, ka Sich, i i aia ma ka mokupuni o Khortytsya. Ua kahe a pau ke ola Cossacks. Ka henua Ua strategically kūpono like Sich 'ano a me ka hooholo ana o ka Tatars o Crimea, e like me kona noho ana ma ka pili koke ana i ka mokuna o Poland. A, i ka ia kenekoa wahi o ka mokupuni i hana nui hihia no ka Sich hana ino mai. Khortytsia Sich i ole mau loa ana, no ka mea, i loko o 1557 ka mea i luku aku, akā, a 1775, e hooikaika mau i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka mea iaʻano - ma ka muliwai mokupuni.

Ho'āʻo 'o ia e hoolilo i ka Cossacks

I ka 1569 ka mea, ua hana i ka hou Lituania-Polish moku'āina - Rzeczpospolita. Maoli ai, ua lōʻihi-kakali hui ana me Poland a me Lithuania ua loa nui, a me ka paa ole Cossacks ma luna o nā palena o ka hou moku'āina hana ku e mai i ka pono o ka mokuaina. O ka holo ana, ua hoʻoikaika 'ana i mea he pale kaua maikaʻi iā Tatar kaua, akā, e i loa i ka pāʻana, a ua ole noʻonoʻo me ka mana o ke kalaunu. Pela, i ka 1572 i ke alii o ka mokuaina Sigismund II Augustus aʻe o ke kaa, a hooponopono i ka hana i loko o ka hana o ka pāpale aliʻi 300 Cossacks. Ka mea i kākau i loko o ka papa inoa o ke Kakau, a alakai ai i ko lakou inoa - i kakau Cossacks. Ia poe i mau pio ka polokalamu ma kiʻekiʻeʻeleu e koke pepehi hou i ka Tatar kaua ma luna o nā palena o ka mokuaina, e like me ka uhi recurrent kua'āinaʻo Libena.

Cossack uprising no ka haipule a me ka lahui kuokoa

Mai 1583 a hiki i 1657, kekahi mau alakaʻi o ka Cossack uprisings, ma ka mea e kuu ia lakou iho, mai ka aoao mai o ka mokuaina a me nā'āina e i hoao e hoolilo i ka honua nei,ʻaʻole i hanaʻia i loko o Ukraine.

Ka makemake ikaika no ka kuokoa, hoomaka e ka nuʻu mua i waena o ka Cossack ka papa ma hope o 1620, ka wā o ka hetman Sagaidachnyi pu a me nā mea a pau i ka Zaporozhye kaua hui i ka Kyiv hoahanau. Hooko keia hana ia i ka hoʻohuiʻana o Cossack mooolelo o ka Orthodox manaoio.

Mai ia manawa koke nō i ke kaua Cossacks i lawe ole wale hookuuia, akā, i hoʻomana. Ka ulu hoʻopilikia ma waena o kazatstvom a me Poland alakai aku ai i ka luawai-ike aupuni-liberation kaua o 1648 - 1654 ka, alakaʻiʻia Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Eia hou kekahi, ia mea pono e līkaia no ma ka liʻiliʻi loa nui uprising o Nalivaiko uprising Kosinski, Sulima, Pavluk listen'ōlelo.

Decossackization i ka Lūkini aupuni a pau

he kaua haule kekahi o ka lahui liberation i loko o ka XVII kenekulia, e like me ka outbreak o na pilikia ma hope o koa ka mana i ua me ka nui loa eroded ka Cossacks. Eia hou, i ka Cossacks i kona nele ia i ke kākoʻo o ka Russian aupuni a pau ma hope o ka hoʻololi ma kaʻaoʻao o Kuekene i loko o ke kaua ma Poltava, ma a Cossack koa alai ae e Ivan Mazepa. E like me ka no o keia moʻo o ka mōʻaukala hanana ma ka XVIII kenekulia hoʻomaka i ka hōʻeuʻeu kaʻina Decossackization, a hiki i kona piko i ka noho alii ana o Empress Ana II. I ka 1775, ka Zaporizhzhya Sich i eliminated. Naʻe, haawiia mai na Cossacks i kekahi koho: e hele kona mau aoao (ola ka maʻamau kua'āina ola), a hui pu i ka hussar, dragoon regiments ma mua o na mea he nui i lanakila. Aka koe i ka nui loa o ka poʻe hao wale Cossack (ma kahi o 12.000 kanaka), a iʻae i ka manaʻo o ka Russian aupuni a pau. E hōʻoia i ka maluhia o kona palena kahiko, e like me ka pono me ia ma kekahi ala legitimize i ka "koena o ka Cossack", ma ka Initiative o Aleksandra Suvorova i hana Black Sea Cossack Army i ka 1790.

Kuban Cossacks

Kuban Cossacks, a me ka Lūkini Cossacks,ʻikeʻia i loko o 1860. Ua Ua hana ia mai kekahi mau koa Cossack huahelu i ola i ia manawa. Mahope iho ua lilo kekahi mau manawa Decossackization mau koa naehana kekahi hapa o ka 'oihana na puali koa o ka Russian aupuni a pau. i ka nānā 'ana Kuban Cossacks i loko o ka North Caucasus (ka mokuna o kēia Krasnodar Krai). Ke kumu o ka Kuban Cossacks i ka Black Sea Cossack puali, a Haole Cossack poe koa, i ka hoopau i ka hopena o ka pau ana o ka Haole Kaua. Kēia koa pa alima i hanaia me ka mokuna poe a pau e kū i ke kahua ma ka Caucasus. Ke kaua i loko o ka wahi ma luna o ka ua, akā, i ke kumupaʻa ua mau olelo hooweliweli. ua lilo Lūkini Cossacks i aooa? maikaʻi ma waena o ka Caucasus, a me ka Russian aupuni a pau. Eia hou kekahi, 'elele o ka poʻe hao wale i ke komo i loko o ka Nui Patriotic War. I ka lā, i ke ola o ka Kuban Cossacks, i ko lakou mau mooolelo a me ka moʻomeheu i ua hookoeia mai ai i ke aloha a hiki i ka hana Kuban Cossack Army Society.

Don Cossacks

Don Cossacks o ka loa kahiko, Cossack moʻomeheu i waho me ka Zaporozhye Cossacks ma ka waena o ka XV kenekulia. Don Cossacks ma ka ?? eoi? O Rostov, Volgograd, Lugansk a me Donetsk wahi i noho ai. Name hao wale Hawaiʻi nei e pili ana me ka Don River. Ka papa likeʻole ma waena o ka Don Cossacks mai nā Cossack naehana i loko o ka mea ia ia? Ac? Ole e like me ka oihana koa hui pu ia lakou, e like me ka lāhui hui, a i kona mau moʻomeheu ano. Don Cossacks Zaporozhye 'Imi kōkua' ana me na kaua. Iloko o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana ke Don Cossacks hoʻokumu i ko lakou iho ana, akā, i ka centralization o kona ?? eoi? "White neʻe" alakai aku i ka make, a mahope repression. Ua penei i ka Don Cossack - mea he kanaka mea e pili ana i ka kekahi nohona ho okumu, ma muli o ka lāhui ololi. Don Cossack moʻomeheu ua malamaia i loko o mākou manawa. Ma ka mea manawa ka Russian Hui o ka hale ma kahi o 140.000 kanaka ka poe i kakau i ko lakou aupuni 'ē aku i "Cossack" i.

Ke kūlana o ka Cossacks i loko o ke ao nei moʻomeheu

I ka lā, ka mōʻaukala, ka ola o ka Cossacks, kā lākou mau koa mooolelo a me ka moʻomeheu i 'Imi? Anoee e kānakaʻepekema a pau ma luna o ka honua. Oiaio no, o ka Cossacks i ole e koa koa, a kaawale ka lāhui i pae, a no kekahi mau kenekulia i kukulu ai kona kiʻiona moʻomeheu. Hoikehonua, moʻolelo e hana ana ma luna o ka hou-hanaia'na o ka mea uuku hakina o ka mōʻaukala o nā Cossacks, ma ka mea e hoʻomau i ka hoomanao ana o keia kumu nui o ka pau hikina 'Eulopa moʻomeheu.