Ke biochemical haku mele 'ana o ka waiu

Mammary gland - kekahi o ka loa nui nā loko i loko o ke kino o ka wahine o nā mea a pau mammals. Kēia gland synthesizes ka waiū, i ka ka mea wale ai no kā lākou mau keiki ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o postnatal? Acaeoey. Mammary gland ma holoholona ua pinepine kapaia ka udder. Udder o ka bipi wahine ninoieo o eha hookaawale glands. Kēlā me kēia māheleʻia hao mau mākia (kā lākou bipi - 5-20), kēlā hapa - i loko o slices. Ua hoʻokumu paʻa mall a me ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai pa alima o ka gland o ka alveolus, i ua lāʻau malumalu ma ke anuanu pukapuka o capillaries. Waiu - polydisperse'ōnaehana oia hoi o ka oiaio a me ka colloidal pāʻoihana, Wehe 'ia mai a me emulsions. Lepo bipi no ka waiū mea he keʻokeʻo wai a me ka yellowish aka, sweetish ho'āʻoʻana, a me keʻala.

Waiu ua synthesized i loko o nā alveoli, kekahi hapa - i ka poe liilii, a me ka meakino-pepa paia excretory ducts. Ke kūpono huna ke hele mai i loko o nui ducts, a laila, accumulates i loko o ka waiū ipu. No hoi kaʻi aku i loko o ka teat Canal, a kuu i loko o ke kaiapuni. Mammary gland oihana lactation i hala, i mau ma kahi o 300 mau lā.

Waiu - kekahi o na kumu nui ai no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Ua Ua hakuʻia no nā polokina, lipids, carbohydrates. Nā polokina ka waiū bipi hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo ma 96-99%, lipids - 95, carbohydrate - 98%.

No ka ai kanaka pinepine hoʻohana waiu bipi, emi - kao, lio wahine, nā kāmelo, Buffalo, dia wahine, zebu a me ka yak.

Ke Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka waiu

ma kahi o elua haneri kanaka waiwai iloko o ka waiu. Mau hui hiki ke maheleia i elima nui mahele: paʻakai, wai, carbohydrates, lipids, nā polokina. Ma ka waiū, i ka wai ke ola i loko o nā Hawaii: noa, a nakinaki aku la ia. I kiaʻana i kāna, maloʻo ana a me nā 'ano o ka lapaʻau, noa ka wai ua hoopuni wehe. ka hapa o ka solvate leho polydisperse nenoai nakinakiia ka wai. I hou ka waiū lehulehu o ua nakiiia ma na wai o ma kahi o 3.5% e 2,6% skim.

Ke kumuʻiʻo haku mele 'ana o ka waiu. I ka lehulehu o na nā polokina ma bovine waiu hiki e mai i ka 4%. Skim ka waiū kekahi mauʻano nui Alpha-casein. Ma ka waiū, ia ano caseinate, kalipuna posapahate eiiieaen, i komo i loko o ke kahua o ka lipid spherules pūpū; thermostable α-lactalbumin, ua komo i loko o ka biosynthesis o ka waiū kō (lactose) mai ka monosaccharides (galactose, monakō koko); β-lactoglobulin denatures i loko o ka'ākilikai nā meakino (pH = 7) a me ka paio hahana maoli nō i 70 ° C.

Globulins waiu wehewehe aku ma ke kiʻekiʻe hakakino ke kaupaonaʻana (mai ai i 1 Mill, Ae), i loko o kā lākou mau lātoma 'ole ka loaʻa o ka carbohydrate ke keʻena, e ho'āʻo i ka waiwai o nā'ūhū (lipooksidaz). Ole-kumuʻiʻo naikokene hui i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka waiū urea, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa'amino nāʻakika, purine mau kumu a me ka creatine.

Ke carbohydrate haku mele 'ana o ka waiu. ʻano nui carbohydrates hooku iho la ia i ka waiū lactose (awelika 4.7%), monosaccharides (monakō koko, galactose) a me phosphoric nā mea kemika o'amino pulapula o ke monosaccharides. I ka lani kiekie loa lehulehu o ka lactose ua kakau ia ma ka rhino ka waiu.

Ke lipid haku mele 'ana o ka waiu. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka waiū momona ninoieo o triacylglycerols, sterols, sterols, phospholipids a me glycolipids. Lākou lehulehu i loko o ka waiū o nā holoholona hilinaʻi nui ma luna o kekahi mau aʻe (lactation, ole,ʻai, etc.). I ka waiu momona residues hailona stearic, palmitic, myristic a me ka oleic nāʻakika.

Wikamina haku mele 'ana o ka waiu. Lepo bipi no ka waiū he he lawa ka nui me ka oil (A, D, E) a me ka wailana (PP, B1, B2, C) nā wikamina. E hoomahuahua i ka lehulehu o nā wikamina i loko o ka waiū o nā holoholona hānai raznoobraznyme ka hahai i ka poe waiwai i loko o nā wikamina i loko o kaʻai lawelawe wikamina noʻonoʻo A, B a me E. ka waiu a me kekahi mau pigments: carotenes, chlorophylls a me lactoflavin, hilinaʻi nui ma luna o lākou lehulehu i ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka waiū.

Kekahi o na drawbacks o ka waiū pauka mea ia ia mea 'ano paakiki, e loaa i ke kinowai moku'āina. Kēia huahana ua hua mai no ka oi ma mua o 110 makahiki, nae, ua okoa mai kona ku pono, ka biochemical haku mele 'ana o me ka pauka, ka waiū, no laila, i ke kinowai ai waiu ka mea' ē aʻe maikaʻi kēia.