Ke kua'āina mihi o ka 1861. Kumu a me ka hopena

Mau loa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia, Alexander II e noho me ka liberator o na serfs. ʻO nā mea hoʻololi o Alexander II manawa a Ua aupuni a ka lehulehu a me ke kiʻekiʻe. Mai poina i ka holo nā mea hoʻololi - i ka malu o ka noho alii ana o ke akamai mō'ī. A me ka lua, Alexander ike i ka huna i ke aʻo.

Alexander ka lua o ka manawa o kona wa opiopio noho kua'āina mihi. Eia naʻe, e hoʻomaka ka mea, oia ke ana wale no e lawe i ka noho aliʻi. He aha e noho ana i ke kumu no ka mea, he makemake ardent o ka mō'ī kala o serfs?

1) Alexander i ka lua, e like me ka poe naauao a me ka akamai luna,ʻike ihola i serfdom moku'āina nā paleki. Mai ka hoʻohana ana i kekahi o na kauwa hehee ai o ke Europa honua i lōʻihi hoole. Rusia no hoi e kānalua, no ka makau i ka naoh, e lawe mai nā mea hoʻololi. E like me ia Alexander II, ke kua'āina mihi ua e hoʻopau i ke kumu kumu o nā mea a pau Rusia lagging ma hope o ke ao nei mana.

2) Alexander ua nui hoomaopopoia i ke ola ana o ka serfdom i loko o ke aupuni, ua hewa no ka Rusia ka pale ioeaie. Serfdom ma Rusia alakai aku ai i ka emi ma kiʻekiʻe i waena o na mana Europa. A, Europa mō'ī o ke aupuni he nui wale, noonoo iho la ia malalo iho o kona hanohano, e lawe aku ia me ka Lūkini mea. Iki makemake i loko o nā lā o ka wa kahiko Rusia, kahi Vladimir ua hiki ole ke loaa i ka lima o ke Alii o Constantinople wale, no ka mea, ua he Helene.

3) Mai poina i ka hou mō'ī i lawe mai i loko o ka uhane o ka mālamalama a me ka aupuni a ka lehulehu. Makakū intelligentsia ua lōʻihi koi no ka abolition o serfdom. Kumu o Alexander II i loko o kona wā'ōpiopioʻo ia ua Vasily Zhukovsky, ka mea i ka luna o ka makakū intelligentsia o XIX kenekulia. Ua Ua manaoia e lilo i kumu Zhukovsky Pushkin. E like me ia Alexander II, kua'āina mihi e i ka maikaʻi keiki ma luna o ka uhane ke keʻena o ka Lūkini lehulehu.

E hoomaka no ka mihi i mālama 'ia ma 1857, i ka wa a ka mō'ī i hana mai i ka malu Komite. Huna ke aeia ua e hoʻomohala i ka manao, ma i ka abolition o serfdom ua e ia i ka loa a me ka malimali inconspicuous.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia no ka Mō'ī poe i ka pono o ke kū'ē o serfs a me ka hanohano. 'Lii, ua manao hoomaopopoia i ka abolition o serfdom, i ka aina i ka pono. Lakou i makemake ole eʻuwao me kā lākou mau'āina, a me kona mau kauwa.

Ka pakaua, ma ka mea ku ole, manaoio aku la ia i ke kua'āina mihi e hoihoi mai i ko lakou ku okoa ana loa, he okoa no hoi e lawe mai, a me ka aina ma ka a, e holo i ka hoʻokele waiwai. Pono ia, a no laila, a me kekahi poe e ae i ua ole i ke Akua.

1861 February 19 , ua he nui kekahi hanana no ka mea a pau o Rusia - serfdom i hoopauia. Ma ke aupuni, ma ka ekalesia i heluhelu i ka manao paa o Alexander II. E like me kēia kānāwai, nā serfs a pau i loaa mai ku okoa ana a me ka kuokoa, mai ko lakou mau konohiki kahiko. Kēlā me kēia kua'āina loaa i ka aina no ka hana. Naʻe, i ka aina ua nō manaoia he wahi e noho ai o ka haku hale. e koi mahiʻai, e i, e kuai i ko lakou aina, mai ka landowner, e imi ana kuokoa hooilina.

Pela, ke abolition o serfdom i ka 1861 a mau loa aku Rusia hoʻololi. Naʻe, aole hoi na landowners, aole hoi ko na kauwa i i hoomaona mai la oia. Nā landowners manaʻo i kā lākou mau hao, e powa ana kūpono no lepo. Na kauwa i hoomaopopoia i ka mua serfdom i ala e hiki ai i ka hou i kekahi mea i kapa e like me ka hoike ana. E like me ka hopena, Alexander II Hoohewa mai la ma kaʻaneʻane a pau nāʻoihana o ke kaiāulu. 20 makahiki ma hope, Alexander e lilo credibility i waena o nā nā paʻi hua. I ka makahiki 1881, aole ia i makemake e pepehi i ka poʻe kipi, mai waena o nā lāhui kanaka hoʻi, i ka laau palau, ka mea i loaa i ka kūikawā o ka makana i loko o Rusia ma ka hopena o 19th kenekulia.

Ma muli naʻe o ia, o ka lua, Alexander komo aku la i ka mōʻaukala o Rusia me he aka nui, inimitable reformer, hihio politician. He mahalo i kaʻeleu mihiʻole o Rusia Alexander II eiaao he laekahi Look.