Ke spine o ke kanaka: ka 'ole. Cervical spinal kolamu mahele

kanaka spine, i loko o nā hua'ōlelo, ka vertebral kolamu, o na kumu nui ke keʻena o ka mea e kākoʻo iwi. Ua Ua kūkulu o kanaka vertebrae a i loaa pu ma ka mea o ka intervertebral hui, a originates, mai ke kumu mai o ka puniu wale no, a ua pili i ka vertebra mua, i kapaʻia ka Hawaiian Edition. Kēia Aniak Ua hoʻoneʻe ma ka atlanto-iho a me ka atlanto-occipital ami. Nonrigidʻano hui mai i ka nui loa o ka noa neʻeʻana. Ma ka nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka spinal kia o kekahi kanaka kokoke wahi, 'aneʻi na aoao pili i ka Hip iwi o na pelvis ka hoʻohana' ana i ka sacroiliac ami.

Ke spine: Anatomia

Ke kanaka spine mea i loko o kona 'ole he 5 mau papa Hoʻohana. Ehia na vertebrae ma ka spine kanaka? Pololei pane hakuʻole. I piha ola i mai ka 32 a hiki i 34 vertebrae, no ka mea, o ka helu ana o ia mau mea i loko o ke kanaka spinal kolamu mea pololei e kaukaʻi ma o ka 'ole o ka mea hope loa (coccygeal) Hoʻohana, a mai nā' elua i eha rudimentary, a i haawiia mai ia mākou ma ko mākou mau kūpuna, mai ka holoholona ao nei.

huakai hele

Ma ka maʻamau, olakino moku'āina mea,ʻaʻole loa i lalo, akā, i ka physiological curves o ka spine. Anatomia o keia hana na rula no ka malama ana o ke koena o ka vertical a me ka tolerability pahi Hawaii hana. maopopo i ka maikaʻi pehea huakai hele nei i loko o ka spinal kolamu o ke kino o ke kanaka, ka mea i pono, e noonoo i ke ano, a maopopo i ka manaʻo nui o ka anatomical kinona o ka 'ole i ka hana.

I huina he mea eha ma ka spine anuenue i loko o ka maʻamau noho: 2 - ventral ( 'o ia hoʻi, anuenue mua), 2 - dorsal (me anuenue hope). Eia kekahi kanaka spinal curves i ka pilina me ka kulou, pinepine pathological ana i loko i ka pololei ano o ke kolamu ua undergoing kekahi hopena, mai keia anuenue undergo loli a me ka loli ma ke ala hookahi ka mea, ho okumu ana i kulou. Eia hou, ke kahua o ke ola loli Mamua maʻamau curves mea ola i loko o ke ola i ke ano. A laila, hoʻokāʻoi anuenue ka hohonu nui kāleka, like me ka hopena o kēia kaʻina hua mai la i ka loli AYEIE i loko o ka 'ē aʻe haʻawina o ka spinal kolamu.

Oihana e like me ka hapa o ka spinal kolamu

Ke spine Ua maheleia i elima pauku: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral (sacrum), coccyx.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ke kanaka iwi kolamu curves i ka pilina me ka spine. Lumbar a cervical spine i uma i loko o ka mua, olelo (a lordozis), thoracic a me ka sacral niioaaonoaaiii i loko o ka hope (a kiphosis).

Ke cervical spine i ehiku hookaawale vertebrae, a me ka mea, mai ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i nona iho a hiki i ka nui ka hoʻoneʻe. Ke ola i ke kanaka kino, ua hiki ke paka keʻano o kēlā a me ka hoʻokaʻa ka neʻe 'ana o ke poo, ka rotational neʻeʻana o ka'ā'ī hapa me ka haiahū kūmau i lawa nui. He mea hiki ole kohoʻia hana ka 'ole o ka cervical Hoʻohana, nui kaʻoi loa, ka originality o ka mua mau vertebrae:

• ka Mea Maluna Iho, a ua hoomakaukau i mau hoaka, ka mea i nele i ke kino;

• epistrophe i loko o kona 'ole odontoid iwi, a puni ka hope hua mai la i ka rotational neʻeʻana mai o ka Mea Maluna Iho.

thorax

Ka 'ole o ka thoracic spine mea hana maʻalahi loa. Spine i loko o ka thoracic vertebrae kikowaena umikumamalua houʻia ma nā kihi. Ma ka mua ili o ka iwiʻaoʻao kino i pili ma ka sternum, a pela lilo ai-kapa umauma - ho okumu no ka ike loea Kāohiʻana o ka nui kūloko ma nā loko - naau, a me ia maʻiʻaʻai. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka 'ole o ka hapa thoracic o kekahi kanaka lapauila like me ia o mammalian vertebrates. A pau he umikumamalua vertebrae thoracic Hoʻohana i like i loko o anatomical 'ole. Wale haule ana i ka lumbar āpana, vertebral kino Hoʻonui i ka pono ma ka nui a me ka i oi nunui.

Lumbar Hoʻohana a me ka sacrum

Ke spinal kolamu ( 'ole) o ka lumbar hana i ka olelo no ka hanaʻana i kekahiʻano o ka Hawaii i koe - i ke kino huli, e kaʻapuni ai, a Alive ma kekahiʻaoʻao. Ke spine i loko o ka lumbar kahi e undergoing i ka loa nui haawe ana. Penei, vertebrae koke mea nui ma mua o ka mua Hoʻohana kino kiko'î hoomahuahua mai luna a lalo (, mai ka mua a hiki i ka lima).

I ka manawa o ka hanau ana o ke kanaka spine i loko o ka sacral 'Oihana i elima hookaawale vertebrae. Akā, ke kiʻekiʻe o kona mau makahiki i ke kūpono 'ana o ke spine kūpono i ka coalescing a ho okumu i ka vertebrae mau mall māhele - ka sacrum.

coccygeal Oihana

Ke spinal kolamu i loko o ka coccygeal Oihana ninoieo o ekolu i elima hookaawale vertebrae. He aha coccygeal vertebrae i loko o ka Hoʻohana hiki e hooponoponoia ia mea, me ka kūikawā mea paahana keia hookolokolo ana (X-Ray ole tomographic) wale.

Ka 'ole o ka vertebral kolamu

Pili o nā vertebrae, e ku ana ma ke kaiāulu, ua lawe mai ma ke kumu o ka intervertebral iwi kuamoʻo, a i kaʻokoʻa olelo hooholo. Ka mea, i ka ea laau a me ka elasticity. Ka nui loa pā hōkū haawi mai lumbar a me cervical like o ka spine o ke kanaka kino. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, o ka mea maikai ka hoʻoneʻe, a me ka pā hōkū nona iho o kēia mau Hoʻohana waiho kokoke ana i ka hewa. Aia Ua hoi pinepine hana herniated iwi kuamoʻo, a okoa i ka maʻi maʻi o ka musculoskeletal nenoaiu. Ka loa pilikia ano o ka maʻi o osteochondrosis - degenerative-dystrophic pathological kaʻina hana o ka intervertebral iwi kuamoʻo.

Ke kanaka spine ua kukuluia no anatomical nā hale o ka hotele - ka vertebrae, intervertebral iwi kuamoʻo, a articular ami (ami).

Oihana o ke kanaka vertebral kolamu

Ke spine o ka papa kuhikuhiE musculoskeletal nenoaiu o ke kanaka. Ua hoʻiʻo ia ka mea hiki ke mālama i ke koena o ke kino, o ka iho (axis) o ka Hawaii, a hana i kekahi kuleana pili i ka maluhia. ʻO nāʻiʻo o ka spine i loko o ka huipūʻana me ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, e hana ana no ka hooko ana i ka mea kēia:

• Alive ma kekahiʻaoʻao;

• extensor a me ka flexor hvizheny;

• ka rotational neʻeʻana a puni kona iho (axis);

• bipedal locomotion.

Cervical hapa (ke kolu i ka hiku o ka vertebrae), thoracic a me ka lumbar intervertebral hāʻawi i ka like 'ole o na ami' ē aʻe ma mua o ka Hoʻololi 'mua a me ka lua o ka cervical vertebrae, a me sacral Hoʻohana wahi i loko o kekahi kanaka kino i loko o ka makua moku'āina (ka mea, he o elima fused vertebrae, a pau loa ia motionless).

Intervertebral ami i aia ma luna o ka spinal keʻano o ka hanaʻana a me ka hana ana no ka lawe lima kolamu 'auhau. Hoʻoneʻe i kekahi vertebra kokoke e hiki, e like me ka wā hoʻokahi vertebra haunaele neʻe 'ana i kokoke. Hāʻawi i ka ka hoʻoneʻe nui o cervical a me ka lumbar mau mea, i ke koena o ka vertebrae ke neʻe wale iki.

Ka loa pilikia maʻi a me ka spine: 'anatomia i launa

Anatomia o ka cervical Hoʻohana o ka spineʻo ia ia i ka nawaliwali wahi no ka muli o degenerative iwi kuamoʻo maʻi. Kēia pathology He dystrophic-degenerative keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o intervertebral iwi kuamoʻo o ole-hoʻoʻino ano. Ma keia maʻi kaʻina hana 'ole i loko o connective'aʻaʻa a me ka cartilage. Similar mai e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o ka lumbar spine, ua loli ana e ka mea thoracic Hoʻohana statistically pohihihi keia.

Lumbar a cervical wahi susceptible i herniation o intervertebral nā pā - SHmorlja. Kēia kaʻina ua hoike mai ia ma ka palapala o ka nucleus pulposus auaiaea iwi kuamoʻo palena. Oia pathology ua exacerbated ma na pilikia o ka circulatory a me ko mākou hopohopo nenoai, mai kēia mau protrusions e oOeEIAOO i ka ipu koko i loko o ka spinal (vertebral) a me nā aʻalolo aa holo ana mai ka spinal kaula. Ka hope complication ua kapaia sciatica, like me ka hopena o ka mīkini'opihia o wela ai aa.

Kanaka spinal kia ao i ke koiia mai e ka hoʻoʻino kaʻina (me autoimmune naoh ole trauma ..) Ma na ami - arthritis.

Clinically, ka hapanui o na maʻi o ka spine lawe nui eha me ka wahi, ua hoʻemi ka hoʻoneʻe a me nā kia ao i ke kaila.

mau mai a pau i kauoha mai 'eleu lapaʻau, a me kekahi manawa, a hiki koke' uao.

'Ākena o ka ino a me ka hoi ana o ka vertebral kolamu.

First kōkua i ka noho poino

He mea pono e hoolako i kaʻeha a me ka mea i kā mākou papamoe straightening ka spine, a me ka stillness mua o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka ambulance. Ua Ua papaia e puʻe i ka luahi, e hele me ka amo, no ka mea, he manawa kūpono o ka muli o hou nā palapū, a nolaila, complications. Transporting poino aeia mai i loaʻa kekahi hihia - ma ka pilikia, oiai e waiho ana ma ka wahi.

Ke kanaka vertebral kolamu - he wahi kū hoʻokahi 'ole i loko o ke kino, i ka mea i hāʻawi i ka kākoʻo, he aiiay, Hawaii hana. Penei, lawe malama o physical kūlana, Kāohiʻana o pathologies a me kā lākou 'eleu lapaʻau mea pono, e hoola i ke ola. Vertebrae a me ka spinal kolamu me ka originality o ko lākou 'ole, kekahi mau mea ae i kekahi kanaka e e bipedalism, a me compensate no ka haawe hana ma ka ke keʻena māhele o ka spine, a mālama Hawaii mākau ma ke ola.