Ke stigma o ka porcelain nā hale hana o ka USSR: ano, mōʻaukala a me ke ano

Soviet porcelain, ua kiʻekiʻe ka pono a me kaʻoi loa mea hoʻonani. Kēia mau lā, he nui wale o lakou i ua imiia lakou ma ka Waihona Noʻeau a me ka akamai kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ma ka palena o ka mua Soviet Union hoʻohana mau ōlaʻi i o nā hale hana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o porcelain a me ka earthenware. Hooholo a o na mea kanu i i keia a me ia mea, e kōkua momoku ahi.

Ma keia 'atikala, mākou e kālele ana ma luna o ka hehi ihola au iā porcelain nā hale hana o ka USSR. Pehea e ka mea, e nana a ka mea eh ÷ ike ai? A ua hoʻololi i kēia mau A hehi ihola ma luna o ka makahiki?

Stigma a me kona Lolina

I ka manawa ua loa paha loko mai o ka German hua'ōlelo Kleim, i translates i loko o Lūkini me "glue". Stigma - mea he Kimia i ua noi i ka huina hoonui a me ka huina hoonui e kuhikuhi i ka Hookah.

Brand, ma a me ka nui, o ka "huahana", i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ke kauwa au hou. I ka wā kahiko ua i ka hana o ke kuni kauwa no kekahi hemahema a me ka hewa i kū'ē (no ka mea hoike, ka mea e pakele ai ho'āʻo).

ʻano i pili i ka ili i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE aoao ekolu:

1. Hawewe (nō kāu ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia huahana).
2. E aa ana.
3. E ho ohana i make.

Stigma hanaʻia,ʻaʻole wale i ka hana o ka 'ike o ka waiwai. He pinepine kaʻano o ka mea e like ai hoailona o ka ua huahana. Ma ke ala, a me keia hiʻona ka mea, ua pili i ka hoʻomaopopo like'ōlelo: "Ae oe i wahi e kau i ka hoailona!". No laila, e'ōlelo aku ka mea, e pili ana i kanaka me ka hailona ana mā a me ia wā.

Porcelain hana a me kona ulu ana i loko o Rusia

Porcelain - ka mea, Ua mau nō, hoʻopale i thermal a Nine Inch ia'ku mea, hoʻomano hoʻohana ma o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o tableware, no mea a me kekahi'ē aʻe huahana. No kona-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, e like me ka rula, e hoʻohana i ka eha mea pōhaku o nā kumu waiwai: ia mea kaolin, pōaka, feldspar, poepoe palolo.

Ua Ua manaoio ia porcelain "invented" ka Pākē i nō i loko o ka VII kenekulia. A me ka mea, e nui lōʻihi i uhi malu ia beauty no kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Wale i ka 1708 na ka poʻeʻEulopa e hoʻokele e kiʻi porcelain. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o? Iecaianoaaiiuo enehana kona mea manawa i loaʻa i loko o Russian.

Ua weheia Rusia ka mua portselyanovaya hola i loko o St. Petersburg i ka 1744. Ke stigma o ka porcelain hola i loko o ka Soviet au ua he concise, a hiki wawe ka recognizable. Ua oia o ekolu intertwined palapala kii: "LPF" (Leningrad Porcelain hola). Kēia mea kanu e hana i keia la. Eia naʻe, e ka mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe kapa i ka imperial, like hoʻi me ka mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni manawa.

Nā kūlana o ka USSR, a Lūkini porcelain nā hale hana: ano a me nā 'ano

Ma ka Soviet Union porcelain hana i ua ulu nui. Huahana mai porcelain (mau kīʻaha, figurines, vases a me nā haleʻo ka lako i) i i loko o kekahi mau wahi o ka aina. I ka lani kiekie loa lehulehu o nā mea kanu i ka malamaia ma ka Ukrainian SSR, e like me ia ma ka Europa hapa o ka Lūkini SFSR.

E like me ka mea kahiko Soviet nā palapala kuhikuhi, 178 porcelain nā hale hana ola i loko o ka USSR. Stigma i kela mea keia mea o lakou! Ua depicted i ka palapala a me ka mea Kimia manao, ka hapanui holoholona. No ka laʻana, ma hehi ihola au iā Gorodnitski Porcelain hola ua depicted holo dia, Polonsky - he keʻokeʻo noketura, Sinelnikovskuyu - ke ale wale iho i ka holo. Paha ka loa hoʻi i hoihoi, hehi iho i loko o Zugdidi kanu - ka lio ma luna o ka honua.

Nā kūlana porcelain mea kanu i maheleia i mau hoailona ia mea: underglaze (hana ma ka "maka" huahana) a me ka overglaze (vyponyayutsya ma hope ana Nani Loa glazes hoʻonui). Aia i ekolu papa kuhikuhiE aoao stigma huahana.

• extrusion o pulu kaumaha;
• paʻi, hehi iho;
• kokoke ana i ka hoailona ma ka pau huahana.

He aha hiki ke hai aku stigma porcelain nā hale hana

Stigma - ia mea, ma luna o nā mea a pau, he hoailona o ka pono a me ka authenticity o ka huina hoonui, a ua hoʻonohoʻia ka Hookah. Ka hapanui o pinepine ka mea, hiki ke loaʻa ma ka lalo o ka porcelain kēia mea kūʻai - na kiaha, papa, vases a me figurines.

Nā kūlana o ka Soviet porcelain nā hale hana e hai aku i ka puu e pili ana i kekahi mea. A no ke aha la keia mea aʻo ai nui Waihona Noʻeau i "heluhelu". Ma hehi ihola au iā pinepine kekahi mau 'ike e pili ana i ka Hookah, akā, i ka huina hoonui kalaʻana aku lā, me he porcelain pena kanaka nana i pena ia, a no laila, ma luna,ʻaʻole wale nō. D.

He nui e hoailona oukou i ka ua hola hiki ia he "arsenal" o ka lepili, no ka mea, ma luna o nā makahiki o ka stigma o porcelain nā hale hana hoʻololi loa pinepine. I kekahi manawa, ma o aku o iaia. A pau keia hana he wahi lihi iki o ka pilikia i ka papa o ka hanauna o ka Waihona Noʻeau i loko o ka 'ike kaʻina o kekahi mau huahana.

Ma hehi ihola au iā porcelain hiki pinepine ike i ke kēia mau hoailona. "1-C", "C-2", "3-C". He aha e mea aha keia? Ka mea, i hoailona, a hiki hooholo i ka papa o ka porcelain:

• mua papa (1-C);
• Class II (C-2);
• kolu o ka papa (3-C).

Grade porcelain, a me kekahi manawa paipai ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hoailona waihoʻoluʻu: ulaula - ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ka ponoʻano o nā huahana; uliuli - Class I, Green - no ka lua a me ka eleele (oleʻeleʻele) - no ke kolu.

Next, ua wehewehe i au mamuli o ka loa kaulana porcelain nā hale hana o ka Soviet Union, ka uku maikai nānā i kā lākou huahana a me ka momoku ahi.

Leningrad Porcelain hola

He ka mea kahiko a me kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o Rusia no? Iecaianoaaiiuo o porcelain hana. Ua Ua hoʻokumu hoʻi i ka 1744. Ano, ua kapaia ka mea kanu - imperial (abbreviated - IPE).

IPE porcelain i make i loko o ka helu o ka maikaʻi-ikeia Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha i loko o ke ao nei (ma ka nui, ma ka London, New York, e like me ia ma ka leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele,). I keia la, i ka mea kanu produces he ākea huahelu o like huahana. Kēia kī e puhi ia, na kiaha a me saucers, figurines, a me kela Kalaiaina 'ikamu. Loa kaulana moʻo "Moscow a me St. Petersburg ma Kina", depicting i ka papa kuhikuhiE Hawaii o na mau poo elua o ke aupuni i loko o nā kīʻaha, a me ka papa souvenir bele.

Ke stigma o ka porcelain hola i loko o ka Soviet au ua like concise palapala: ekolu intertwined palapala "LPF". I kēia lā, a pau wahi o ka hana, alai ae aeto emblazoned me ka lā o ka mea kanu kumu, a me ka imperial Porcelain palapalaia maluna penei.

Dmitrov Porcelain hola

Kēia poʻe, ua hoʻokumu i ka 1766, aia i loko o ke kauhale Verbilki (Taldom Apana, Moscow māhele 'āina). I kēia ka mea, ua kapaʻia ka "Porcelain Verbilok".

I Soviet manawa, i hoʻomōhala Dmitrov mea kanu ma ka pukana o ka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o haʻahaʻa mea e like ai. Aka hoi, ma keia manawa porcelain hola hua mai la i ka helu o ka 'ihiʻihi hoʻonohonoho' Ka hoʻolilo 'ia (e like me ka mekala gula ma ka World Exhibition ma Palika ma 1937). I kēia lā "Porcelain Verbilok" - o kekahi o ka? Ueony porcelain hana ekolu ma Rusia.

Ke stigma o ka porcelain hola i loko o Verbilki i ole e aʻo. Ua depicts He Moose poo me ka palapala "B" ma ka lalo akau kihi.

Dulevo porcelain hola

Ka nui loa i loko o hua'ōlelo o? Iecaianoaaiiuo, ka poʻe whiteware hana i loko o ke kālā no Rusia ua aia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Likino-Dulyovo (a me ka Moscow māhele 'āina). Dulevo kanu i hoʻokumuʻia ma ka makahiki 1832. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o ka loea entrepreneur M. S. Kuznetsova hola ua lilo nā hualoaʻa a kona kaulana a me ka hiʻona.

Products o keia mea kanu ua hikiwawe 'ike ma kekahi mau' noʻeau pena. Ua maopopo hiki ke Hahai I, akä, o Lūkini nā loina me ka predominance o ka alani a me ka ulaula waihoʻoluʻu. Kī E hoʻopaʻa i "Golden dia", mea paha i ka loa nui na hana o ka mea kanu.

Nā kūlana Dulevo porcelain hola i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa mōʻaukala o kona ola hoʻololi 30 manawa! Mai 1962, o ka mea kiʻi e hoohalike ai o ka manu lele i ka momoku ahi inoa o ka hana. A, o ka manu ke "nana" o ka hema, a me nāʻaoʻao'ākau.

Gorodnitsky Porcelain hola

'O kēia kekahi o ka mea kahiko Ukrainian hana whiteware hana. Ua kukulu ia ka mea kanu i ka 1799, a no ia i ke aliʻi ohana Czartoryski. Eia naʻe, i ka poʻe i hope paa i ka 2012. Ua Ua aia i loko o ke kauhale o Gorodnitsa Zhytomyr māhele.

I Soviet manawa, o ka mea kanu hua tableware, kī e puhi ia a me ka porcelain figurines. Ma ke hehi iho depicted huahana a ka noketura a ekolu palapala: GFZ (ma lalo o ka inoa o ka mea kanu).

Polonsky Porcelain hola

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XIX kenekulia porcelain hana hoʻomaka e ulu ana ma Podolia (māhele o Western Ukraine), ke kōkua ma ka kūloko mau kumu - waiwai hoʻokomo kālā o ka kaolin lepo a me ka pōaka one. I ka 1889, ma ka kahiko kūlanakauhale piha (e Khmelnitsky māhele) ka mea, ua hookumuia oia e ka mea kanu, a i destined e lilo i kekahi o ka mea nui loa nā hoʻohua o porcelain i loko o ka USSR.

No kaulana Polonsky hola mākeke lehulehu statuettes. Famous decanter me ka makaaniani i loko o ka palapala o ka iʻa, paha, ua i loko o nā'ē aʻe Soviet ohana. Ma huahana Polonsky o porcelain hola pinepine oe ke ike i ka ua hehi hoʻi i loko o ka palapala o ka noketura. Eia naʻe, i loko o 2008 ka Ukrainian porcelain hana pilikua oki i nei.